Objective:To compare the effects of adding rocuronium and nitroglycerin to ropivacaine in intravenous regional anesthesia(IVRA)on pain and hemodynamic parameters.Methods:This randomized controlled trial was done in 20...Objective:To compare the effects of adding rocuronium and nitroglycerin to ropivacaine in intravenous regional anesthesia(IVRA)on pain and hemodynamic parameters.Methods:This randomized controlled trial was done in 2023.Participants were 177 candidates for forearm operation surgery under IVRA selected from Valiasr Hospital,Arak,Iran.They were allocated by block randomization to three different groups,namely nitroglycerin group,rocuronium group and control group.Hemodynamic parameters were recorded before tourniquet application up to postoperative recovery time.Sensory block and motor block onset and duration and pain were also evaluated.The data analysis was carried out by IMB SPSS software 20.0.Results:177 Eligible patients were included in study,with 59 in each group.Time to sensory and motor block onset in the nitroglycerin group was significantly less than the other groups and the time of motor block in the rocuronium group was statistically higher than the control and the nitroglycerin groups(P<0.001).Seven participants in the nitroglycerin group experienced headache and three from the rocuronium group experienced dizziness.The side effects occurrence in the nitroglycerin group was more prevalent than in the control and rocuronium groups(P=0.009).Conclusions:Nitroglycerin significantly reduces the time to sensory and motor block onset,while rocuronium is more effective in prolonging the time of motor block.Although there is no difference between nitroglycerin and rocuronium respecting the pain score and opioid need administration,nitroglycerin is associated with a higher prevalence of medication side effects.Therefore,both nitroglycerin and rocuronium can be used as adjuvant for IVRA.The final choice relies on patients’conditions and anesthesiologists’judgment.展开更多
在全球气候变化和高强度人类活动的共同影响下,许多流域天然水循环过程受到破坏。径流序列呈现明显的非平稳特性,给水资源规划、管理、预测和调控带来一定的挑战。揭示径流序列的非平稳特性可以有效应对全球气候变化下的复杂水问题,对...在全球气候变化和高强度人类活动的共同影响下,许多流域天然水循环过程受到破坏。径流序列呈现明显的非平稳特性,给水资源规划、管理、预测和调控带来一定的挑战。揭示径流序列的非平稳特性可以有效应对全球气候变化下的复杂水问题,对降低水文分析难度和提高径流预测精度具有十分重要的意义。研究以汾河上游兰村站为研究对象,分析该站1958-2016年年径流和月径流序列是否平稳。首先从随机水文学角度,采用Mann-Kendall检验法和小波分析法识别径流序列的趋势、突变和周期特征。在此基础上,从统计水文学角度引入Ng-Perron单位根检验方法。通过Mann-Kendall趋势检验和散点图法选择合适的检验方程,对径流序列进行广义最小二乘法(Generalized Least Squares,GLS)退势,并利用修正的信息准则(Modified information criterion,MIC)计算最优时间滞后阶数,判别径流序列是否具有非平稳性。结果显示,径流序列存在趋势、突变和周期成分,为非平稳径流序列。同时Ng-Perron单位根检验表明,该站年、月径流序列在1%显著性水平上具有非平稳特性。相较传统单位根检验方法,Ng-Perron单位根检验采用更为稳健的修正检验统计量,显著调整小样本情况下水平扭曲的现象,具有更好检验水平和功效,因而可以得到更合理的检验结果。研究成果为径流序列非平稳性检验理论的进一步改进及径流预测模型发展与应用提供参考。展开更多
Regenerative approaches towards neuronal loss following traumatic brain or spinal cord injury have long been considered a dogma in neuroscience and remain a cutting-edge area of research.This is reflected in a large d...Regenerative approaches towards neuronal loss following traumatic brain or spinal cord injury have long been considered a dogma in neuroscience and remain a cutting-edge area of research.This is reflected in a large disparity between the number of studies investigating primary and secondary injury as therapeutic to rgets in spinal co rd and traumatic brain injuries.Significant advances in biotechnology may have the potential to reshape the current state-of-the-art and bring focus to primary injury neurotrauma research.Recent studies using neural-glial factor/antigen 2(NG2)cells indicate that they may differentiate into neurons even in the developed brain.As these cells show great potential to play a regenerative role,studies have been conducted to test various manipulations in neurotrauma models aimed at eliciting a neurogenic response from them.In the present study,we systematically reviewed the experimental protocols and findings described in the scientific literature,which were peer-reviewed original research articles(1)describing preclinical experimental studies,(2)investigating NG2 cells,(3)associated with neurogenesis and neurotrauma,and(4)in vitro and/or in vivo,available in PubMed/MEDLINE,Web of Science or SCOPUS,from 1998 to 2022.Here,we have reviewed a total of 1504 papers,and summarized findings that ultimately suggest that NG2 cells possess an inducible neurogenic potential in animal models and in vitro.We also discriminate findings of NG2 neurogenesis promoted by different pharmacological and genetic approaches over functional and biochemical outcomes of traumatic brain injury and spinal co rd injury models,and provide mounting evidence for the potential benefits of manipulated NG2 cell ex vivo transplantation in primary injury treatment.These findings indicate the feasibility of NG2 cell neurogenesis strategies and add new players in the development of therapeutic alternatives for neurotrauma.展开更多
“喝”与“uống”分别是现代汉语和越南语的餐饮用语和动词中最具国际代表性的,代表了中越两国的不同语言传统文化,千百年来中越两国有着很多的历史共同点,但由于自然地理环境的不同,使得两国文化也存在着一定的差异。本文通过对比现代...“喝”与“uống”分别是现代汉语和越南语的餐饮用语和动词中最具国际代表性的,代表了中越两国的不同语言传统文化,千百年来中越两国有着很多的历史共同点,但由于自然地理环境的不同,使得两国文化也存在着一定的差异。本文通过对比现代汉语中的“喝”和越南语中的“uống”,深入探讨了两者在语义和用法上的异同。研究发现,这两个动词虽然在基本含义上相似,均表示液体摄入行为,但在表达方式、句法特征和语义范围上存在显著差异。本文还分析了这些差异反映的文化背景和语言结构差异,并揭示了它们在实际使用中的特定情境。研究结果对中越语言学习者理解和掌握这类动词的运用具有一定的指导意义。“Drink” and “uống” are the most internationally representative food terms and verbs in modern Chinese and Vietnamese, respectively, representing the different languages and traditional cultures of China and Vietnam. This article compares the modern Chinese word for “drink” and the Vietnamese word for “uống”, and delves into the similarities and differences in semantics and usage. The study found that although the two verbs were similar in basic meaning, both denoting the act of liquid ingestion, there were significant differences in expression, syntactic features, and semantic range. The paper also analyzes the cultural background and linguistic structural differences reflected by these differences, and reveals the specific contexts in which they are used in practice. The results of this study have certain guiding significance for Chinese and Vietnamese language learners to understand and master the use of such verbs.展开更多
The preventive effects of nitroglycerine （NG） on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in growing rats were studied. Three-month-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group （CON）, dexamethasone g...The preventive effects of nitroglycerine （NG） on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in growing rats were studied. Three-month-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group （CON）, dexamethasone group （DXM）, DXM plus a low dose NG group （NG-L）, DXM plus a middle dose NG group （NG-M） and DXM plus a high dose NG group （NG-H）, 8 rats in each group. The rat model of osteoporosis was developed by intramuscular injection of dexamethasone twice a week. NG 0.2, 0.4 and 1.0 mg/kg was administered by oral gavages to the treatment groups every day for 12 weeks. Rats in CON group and DXM group were treated with normal saline of the same amount. After the treatment, the bone mineral density （BMD） and bone metabolism-associated biochemical markers were determined. Compared with CON group, BMD of lumbar spine and femur in DXM group was decreased significantly （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01 respectively）, blood BGP levels and NO levels reduced （both P〈0.01）, and TRAP level increased （P〈0.05）. As compared with DXM group, BMD, serum BGP and NO were increased, and TRAP decreased in NG-L group and NG-M group, but had no significant difference in comparison to CON group. All the markers other than serum NO and TRAP levels had no significant difference between NG-H group and DXM group. It was concluded that low or middle doses of NG could prevent glucocorticoid-induced bone loss in growing rats, but high dose of NG could not. Supplement with NO donor could be considered as a preventive treatment for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in a developing skeleton.展开更多
基金approved by the Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences,Arak,Iran(No.IR.ARAKMU.REC.1402.033)registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials(No.IRCT20141209020258N183).
文摘Objective:To compare the effects of adding rocuronium and nitroglycerin to ropivacaine in intravenous regional anesthesia(IVRA)on pain and hemodynamic parameters.Methods:This randomized controlled trial was done in 2023.Participants were 177 candidates for forearm operation surgery under IVRA selected from Valiasr Hospital,Arak,Iran.They were allocated by block randomization to three different groups,namely nitroglycerin group,rocuronium group and control group.Hemodynamic parameters were recorded before tourniquet application up to postoperative recovery time.Sensory block and motor block onset and duration and pain were also evaluated.The data analysis was carried out by IMB SPSS software 20.0.Results:177 Eligible patients were included in study,with 59 in each group.Time to sensory and motor block onset in the nitroglycerin group was significantly less than the other groups and the time of motor block in the rocuronium group was statistically higher than the control and the nitroglycerin groups(P<0.001).Seven participants in the nitroglycerin group experienced headache and three from the rocuronium group experienced dizziness.The side effects occurrence in the nitroglycerin group was more prevalent than in the control and rocuronium groups(P=0.009).Conclusions:Nitroglycerin significantly reduces the time to sensory and motor block onset,while rocuronium is more effective in prolonging the time of motor block.Although there is no difference between nitroglycerin and rocuronium respecting the pain score and opioid need administration,nitroglycerin is associated with a higher prevalence of medication side effects.Therefore,both nitroglycerin and rocuronium can be used as adjuvant for IVRA.The final choice relies on patients’conditions and anesthesiologists’judgment.
文摘在全球气候变化和高强度人类活动的共同影响下,许多流域天然水循环过程受到破坏。径流序列呈现明显的非平稳特性,给水资源规划、管理、预测和调控带来一定的挑战。揭示径流序列的非平稳特性可以有效应对全球气候变化下的复杂水问题,对降低水文分析难度和提高径流预测精度具有十分重要的意义。研究以汾河上游兰村站为研究对象,分析该站1958-2016年年径流和月径流序列是否平稳。首先从随机水文学角度,采用Mann-Kendall检验法和小波分析法识别径流序列的趋势、突变和周期特征。在此基础上,从统计水文学角度引入Ng-Perron单位根检验方法。通过Mann-Kendall趋势检验和散点图法选择合适的检验方程,对径流序列进行广义最小二乘法(Generalized Least Squares,GLS)退势,并利用修正的信息准则(Modified information criterion,MIC)计算最优时间滞后阶数,判别径流序列是否具有非平稳性。结果显示,径流序列存在趋势、突变和周期成分,为非平稳径流序列。同时Ng-Perron单位根检验表明,该站年、月径流序列在1%显著性水平上具有非平稳特性。相较传统单位根检验方法,Ng-Perron单位根检验采用更为稳健的修正检验统计量,显著调整小样本情况下水平扭曲的现象,具有更好检验水平和功效,因而可以得到更合理的检验结果。研究成果为径流序列非平稳性检验理论的进一步改进及径流预测模型发展与应用提供参考。
基金supported by funding from FAPERGS under Grant No.1010267FAPERGS/PPSUS+8 种基金No.17/2551-0001FAPERGS/PRONEXNo.16/2551-0000499-4FAPERGS/CAPES under Grant No.19/25510000717-5Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico under Grants Nos.4011645/2012-6 and#5465346/2014-6Irish Research Council Government of Ireland Postdoctoral FellowshipNo.GOIPD/2022/792Irish Research Council Enterprise Postdoctoral FellowshipNo.EPSPD/2022/112。
文摘Regenerative approaches towards neuronal loss following traumatic brain or spinal cord injury have long been considered a dogma in neuroscience and remain a cutting-edge area of research.This is reflected in a large disparity between the number of studies investigating primary and secondary injury as therapeutic to rgets in spinal co rd and traumatic brain injuries.Significant advances in biotechnology may have the potential to reshape the current state-of-the-art and bring focus to primary injury neurotrauma research.Recent studies using neural-glial factor/antigen 2(NG2)cells indicate that they may differentiate into neurons even in the developed brain.As these cells show great potential to play a regenerative role,studies have been conducted to test various manipulations in neurotrauma models aimed at eliciting a neurogenic response from them.In the present study,we systematically reviewed the experimental protocols and findings described in the scientific literature,which were peer-reviewed original research articles(1)describing preclinical experimental studies,(2)investigating NG2 cells,(3)associated with neurogenesis and neurotrauma,and(4)in vitro and/or in vivo,available in PubMed/MEDLINE,Web of Science or SCOPUS,from 1998 to 2022.Here,we have reviewed a total of 1504 papers,and summarized findings that ultimately suggest that NG2 cells possess an inducible neurogenic potential in animal models and in vitro.We also discriminate findings of NG2 neurogenesis promoted by different pharmacological and genetic approaches over functional and biochemical outcomes of traumatic brain injury and spinal co rd injury models,and provide mounting evidence for the potential benefits of manipulated NG2 cell ex vivo transplantation in primary injury treatment.These findings indicate the feasibility of NG2 cell neurogenesis strategies and add new players in the development of therapeutic alternatives for neurotrauma.
文摘“喝”与“uống”分别是现代汉语和越南语的餐饮用语和动词中最具国际代表性的,代表了中越两国的不同语言传统文化,千百年来中越两国有着很多的历史共同点,但由于自然地理环境的不同,使得两国文化也存在着一定的差异。本文通过对比现代汉语中的“喝”和越南语中的“uống”,深入探讨了两者在语义和用法上的异同。研究发现,这两个动词虽然在基本含义上相似,均表示液体摄入行为,但在表达方式、句法特征和语义范围上存在显著差异。本文还分析了这些差异反映的文化背景和语言结构差异,并揭示了它们在实际使用中的特定情境。研究结果对中越语言学习者理解和掌握这类动词的运用具有一定的指导意义。“Drink” and “uống” are the most internationally representative food terms and verbs in modern Chinese and Vietnamese, respectively, representing the different languages and traditional cultures of China and Vietnam. This article compares the modern Chinese word for “drink” and the Vietnamese word for “uống”, and delves into the similarities and differences in semantics and usage. The study found that although the two verbs were similar in basic meaning, both denoting the act of liquid ingestion, there were significant differences in expression, syntactic features, and semantic range. The paper also analyzes the cultural background and linguistic structural differences reflected by these differences, and reveals the specific contexts in which they are used in practice. The results of this study have certain guiding significance for Chinese and Vietnamese language learners to understand and master the use of such verbs.
文摘The preventive effects of nitroglycerine （NG） on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in growing rats were studied. Three-month-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group （CON）, dexamethasone group （DXM）, DXM plus a low dose NG group （NG-L）, DXM plus a middle dose NG group （NG-M） and DXM plus a high dose NG group （NG-H）, 8 rats in each group. The rat model of osteoporosis was developed by intramuscular injection of dexamethasone twice a week. NG 0.2, 0.4 and 1.0 mg/kg was administered by oral gavages to the treatment groups every day for 12 weeks. Rats in CON group and DXM group were treated with normal saline of the same amount. After the treatment, the bone mineral density （BMD） and bone metabolism-associated biochemical markers were determined. Compared with CON group, BMD of lumbar spine and femur in DXM group was decreased significantly （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01 respectively）, blood BGP levels and NO levels reduced （both P〈0.01）, and TRAP level increased （P〈0.05）. As compared with DXM group, BMD, serum BGP and NO were increased, and TRAP decreased in NG-L group and NG-M group, but had no significant difference in comparison to CON group. All the markers other than serum NO and TRAP levels had no significant difference between NG-H group and DXM group. It was concluded that low or middle doses of NG could prevent glucocorticoid-induced bone loss in growing rats, but high dose of NG could not. Supplement with NO donor could be considered as a preventive treatment for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in a developing skeleton.
