[ Objective] The paper was to study biological characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum in watermelon cultivated in plastic greenhouse in Hainan Province of China and to determine indoor toxicity of fungici...[ Objective] The paper was to study biological characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum in watermelon cultivated in plastic greenhouse in Hainan Province of China and to determine indoor toxicity of fungicides. [ Method] Effects of various factors on mycelial growth and spore germination were stud- ied, and the lethal temperature of spores and indoor toxicity of fungicides were also determined. [Result] The fungal mycelium had a better growth rate on water- melon juice medium than the others. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and spore germination were 28 ℃ and 30 ℃, and the optimum pH values were 7 - 8 and 7 - 9, respectively. Light-dark alternation was conducive for mycelial growth. The lethal temperature of spore was 60 ℃ for 5 min. The fungal mycelium grew better while taking fructose and glucose as carbon sources and yeast extract and peptone as nitrogen sources. Toxicity determination showed that 50% pro- chloraz-manganese chloride complex WP had the greatest inhibition effect on mycelial growth, with the ECso value of 0.730 9 μg/mL; followed by 32.5% benzoic azoxystrobin SC, 30% benzoylate· propieanazol EC, 10% difenoconazole WG, 25% bromothalonil · carbendazim WP and 25% bromothalonil WP, with the ECso values from 1.884 7μg/mL to 8. 161 0μg/mL. [Conclusion] The study provided basic data for field control against F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum on watermelon cultivated in plastic greenhouse in Hainan Province.展开更多
The dynamic changes in membrane permeability, activities of disease-related enzymes, and contents of pathogenesis-relevant chemical compounds and photosynthetic pigments in root cells of three watermelon cultivars wer...The dynamic changes in membrane permeability, activities of disease-related enzymes, and contents of pathogenesis-relevant chemical compounds and photosynthetic pigments in root cells of three watermelon cultivars were studied after inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum at seedling stage. The results showed that the capacity of self-regulating and returning to normal status of cultivar Kelunsheng (resistant) was greater than that of a susceptible cultivar, Zaohua, in terms of malonaldehyde (MDA) content, relative conductivity, and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The resistant cultivar maintained a higher activity of dehydrogenase, higher content of vitamin C(Vc) , and relatively lower content of soluble sugar than the susceptible cultivar. The content of soluble protein was higher in the resistant cultivar than that in the susceptible one at day 1 after inoculation. The capacities of the resistant cultivar to inhibit chlorophyll deterioration and maintain a higher carotenoid content were significantly stronger than those of the susceptible cultivar.展开更多
1982～1987年间自黑龙江、北京等10个省市采集到60份西瓜病株,分别进行分离和培养鉴定,结果有尖孢镰刀菌、茄病镰刀菌、木贼镰刀菌。致病性试验是将3个镰刀菌分别接种于西瓜品种郑州3号,结果尖孢镰刀菌致病,茄病镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌不侵...1982～1987年间自黑龙江、北京等10个省市采集到60份西瓜病株,分别进行分离和培养鉴定,结果有尖孢镰刀菌、茄病镰刀菌、木贼镰刀菌。致病性试验是将3个镰刀菌分别接种于西瓜品种郑州3号,结果尖孢镰刀菌致病,茄病镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌不侵染。分别从黄瓜和甜瓜枯萎病株分离出来的尖孢镰刀菌,与西瓜病株分离得的尖孢镰刀菌进行交互接种于西瓜、甜瓜和黄瓜的幼苗上。鉴定的结果是不同的专化型,即尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型〔Fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. niveum(E. F. Smith)Snyder et. Hans.〕。在防治上,采用综合防治措施,经过1989～1990年试验,防效达90.91％～92.70％,增产58.95％～64.93％。展开更多
基金Supported by Epidemic Monitoring and Control Program of Pests and Diseasesin Tropical Crops in 2013 by Ministry of Agriculture(Issued Document Number:NBK[2013]No.28)
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to study biological characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum in watermelon cultivated in plastic greenhouse in Hainan Province of China and to determine indoor toxicity of fungicides. [ Method] Effects of various factors on mycelial growth and spore germination were stud- ied, and the lethal temperature of spores and indoor toxicity of fungicides were also determined. [Result] The fungal mycelium had a better growth rate on water- melon juice medium than the others. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and spore germination were 28 ℃ and 30 ℃, and the optimum pH values were 7 - 8 and 7 - 9, respectively. Light-dark alternation was conducive for mycelial growth. The lethal temperature of spore was 60 ℃ for 5 min. The fungal mycelium grew better while taking fructose and glucose as carbon sources and yeast extract and peptone as nitrogen sources. Toxicity determination showed that 50% pro- chloraz-manganese chloride complex WP had the greatest inhibition effect on mycelial growth, with the ECso value of 0.730 9 μg/mL; followed by 32.5% benzoic azoxystrobin SC, 30% benzoylate· propieanazol EC, 10% difenoconazole WG, 25% bromothalonil · carbendazim WP and 25% bromothalonil WP, with the ECso values from 1.884 7μg/mL to 8. 161 0μg/mL. [Conclusion] The study provided basic data for field control against F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum on watermelon cultivated in plastic greenhouse in Hainan Province.
文摘The dynamic changes in membrane permeability, activities of disease-related enzymes, and contents of pathogenesis-relevant chemical compounds and photosynthetic pigments in root cells of three watermelon cultivars were studied after inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum at seedling stage. The results showed that the capacity of self-regulating and returning to normal status of cultivar Kelunsheng (resistant) was greater than that of a susceptible cultivar, Zaohua, in terms of malonaldehyde (MDA) content, relative conductivity, and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The resistant cultivar maintained a higher activity of dehydrogenase, higher content of vitamin C(Vc) , and relatively lower content of soluble sugar than the susceptible cultivar. The content of soluble protein was higher in the resistant cultivar than that in the susceptible one at day 1 after inoculation. The capacities of the resistant cultivar to inhibit chlorophyll deterioration and maintain a higher carotenoid content were significantly stronger than those of the susceptible cultivar.
文摘1982～1987年间自黑龙江、北京等10个省市采集到60份西瓜病株,分别进行分离和培养鉴定,结果有尖孢镰刀菌、茄病镰刀菌、木贼镰刀菌。致病性试验是将3个镰刀菌分别接种于西瓜品种郑州3号,结果尖孢镰刀菌致病,茄病镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌不侵染。分别从黄瓜和甜瓜枯萎病株分离出来的尖孢镰刀菌,与西瓜病株分离得的尖孢镰刀菌进行交互接种于西瓜、甜瓜和黄瓜的幼苗上。鉴定的结果是不同的专化型,即尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型〔Fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. niveum(E. F. Smith)Snyder et. Hans.〕。在防治上,采用综合防治措施,经过1989～1990年试验,防效达90.91％～92.70％,增产58.95％～64.93％。
