Gga-miRNA-181-5p family facilitates chicken myogenesis via targeting TGFBR1 to block TGF-βsignaling

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)have been demonstrated to control chicken skeletal muscle growth,however,the potential function of the miR-181-5p family in chicken myogenesis remains largely unknown.Here,our study identified the two chicken(Gallus gallus;Gga)miR-181-5p family members widely expressed in various tissues,specifically miR-181a-5p and miR-181b-5p.Besides,the breast muscles of fast-growing broilers expressed higher levels of miR-181a-5p and miR-181b-5p than those of slow-growing layers.Functionally,miR-181a-5p and miR-181b-5p both promote the expression level of myogenic factors including myogenin(MyoG),myogenic differentiation 1(MyoD1),and myosin heavy chain(MyHC),meanwhile accelerating the myotube formation of skeletal muscle satellite cells(SMSCs).Mechanistically,miR-181a-5p and miR-181b-5p directly bind to the 3′untranslated region(UTR)of the transforming growth factor beta receptor 1(TGFBR1)mRNA,further reducing the expression of TGFBR1.TGFBR1 is a key Transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β)signaling transduction receptor and had a negative function in muscle cell differentiation.Furthermore,knockdown of TGFBR1 facilitated the expression of chicken myogenic factors,boosted myotube formation,and decreased the SMAD family member 2/3(SMAD2/3)phosphorylation in chicken SMSCs.SMAD2/3 are downstream of TGF-βsignaling,and miR-181a-5p and miR-181b-5p could reduce the expression of TGFBR1 to further diminish the SMAD2/3 phosphorylation.Our findings revealed that the miR-181-5p family targets TGFBR1 to break the TGF-βsignaling transduction,which resulted in promoting chicken skeletal muscle development.

基于功率控制环扰动的DC-DC变换器能量信息一体化研究

针对实现DC-DC变换器之间的信息交互较为复杂的问题,提出了一种基于功率控制环扰动实现其能量信息一体化的方法。通过在DC-DC变换器的传统功率控制环中叠加二进制频移键控(binary frequency shift keying,2FSK)信号作为扰动,将数据信息叠加到传统脉冲宽度调制(pulse-width modulation,PWM)信号中,使得该PWM信号同时包含数据信息,实现能量信息一体化。首先,给出基于2FSK的功率/数据双载波调制以及实时的滑动离散傅里叶变换(sliding discrete Fourier transform,SDFT)解调方案。然后,通过对Buck变换器的能量信息一体化模型进行小信号建模与分析可知,降低输入阻抗可提升通信的信噪比。最后搭建一个由两个Buck变换器并联的实验装置进行验证。实验结果表明在稳态和负载突变的工况下均可实现3 kb/s的稳定通信,验证了所提方法的可行性。该方法使得DC-DC变换器能同时进行功率变换和数据传输,提升数字化和智能化水平。

Inhibition of Notch 1 signaling in the subacute stage after stroke promotes striatal astrocyte-derived neurogenesis

Inhibition of Notch1 signaling has been shown to promote astrocyte-derived neurogenesis after stroke.To investigate the regulatory role of Notch1 signaling in this process,in this study,we used a rat model of stroke based on middle cerebral artery occlusion and assessed the behavior of reactive astrocytes post-stroke.We used theγ-secretase inhibitor N-[N-(3,5-diuorophenacetyl)-1-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butylester(DAPT)to block Notch1 signaling at 1,4,and 7 days after injury.Our results showed that only administration of DAPT at 4 days after stroke promoted astrocyte-derived neurogenesis,as manifested by recovery of white matter fiber bundle integrity on magnetic resonance imaging,which is consistent with recovery of neurologic function.These findings suggest that inhibition of Notch1 signaling at the subacute stage post-stroke mediates neural repair by promoting astrocyte-derived neurogenesis.

Approach to blind estimation of the PN sequence in DS-SS signals with residual carrier

This paper presents an approach of singular value de- composition plus digital phase lock loop to solve the difficult problem of blind pseudo-noise （PN） sequence estimation in low signal to noise ratios （SNR） direct sequence spread spectrum （DS-SS） signals with residual carrier. This approach needs some given parameters, such as the period and code rate of PN sequence. The received signal is firstly sampled and divided into non-overlapping signal vectors according to a temporal window, whose duration is two periods of PN sequence. An autocorrelation matrix is then computed and accumulated by those signal vectors one by one. The PN sequence with residual carrier can be estimated by the principal eigenvector of the autocorrelation matrix. Further more, a digital phase lock loop is used to process the estimated PN sequence, it estimates and tracks the residual carrier and removes the residual carrier in the end. Theory analysis and computer simulation results show that this approach can effectively realize the PN sequence blind estimation from the input DS-SS signals with residual carrier in lower SNR.

18β-glycyrrhetinic acid promotes gastric cancer cell autophagy and inhibits proliferation by regulating miR-328-3p/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common cancer types worldwide,and its prevention and treatment methods have garnered much attention.As the active ingredient of licorice,18β-glycyrrhetinic acid(18β-GRA)has a variety of pharmacological effects.The aim of this study was to explore the effective target of 18β-GRA in the treatment of GC,in order to provide effective ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of GC.AIM To investigate the mechanism of 18β-GRA in inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting autophagy flux in GC cells.METHODS Whole transcriptomic analyses were used to analyze and screen differentially expressed microRNAs(miRNAs)in GC cells after 18β-GRA intervention.Lentivirus-transfected GC cells and the Cell Counting Kit-8 were used to detect cell proliferation ability,cell colony formation ability was detected by the clone formation assay,and flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis.A nude mouse transplantation tumor model of GC cells was constructed to verify the effect of miR-328-3p overexpression on the tumorigenicity of GC cells.Tumor tissue morphology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining,and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3)expression was detected by immunohistochemistry.TransmiR,STRING,and miRWalk databases were used to predict the relationship between miR-328-3p and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)-related information.Expression of STAT3 mRNA and miR-328-3p was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and the expression levels of STAT3,phosphorylated STAT3(p-STAT3),and LC3 were detected by western blot analysis.The targeted relationship between miR-328-3p and STAT3 was detected using the dual-luciferase reporter gene system.AGS cells were infected with monomeric red fluorescent protein-green fluorescent protein-LC3 adenovirus double label.LC3 was labeled and autophagy flow was observed under a confocal laser microscope.RESULTS The expression of miR-328-3p was significantly upregulated after 18β-GRA intervention in AGS cells(P=4.51E-06).Overexpression of miR-328-3p inhibited GC cell proliferation and colony formation ability,arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase,promoted cell apoptosis,and inhibited the growth of subcutaneous tumors in BALB/c nude mice(P<0.01).No obvious necrosis was observed in the tumor tissue in the negative control group(no drug intervention or lentivirus transfection)and vector group(the blank vector for lentivirus transfection),and more cells were loose and necrotic in the miR-328-3p group.Bioinformatics tools predicted that miR-328-3p has a targeting relationship with STAT3,and STAT3 was closely related to autophagy markers such as p62.After overexpressing miR-328-3p,the expression level of STAT3 mRNA was significantly decreased(P<0.01)and p-STAT3 was downregulated(P<0.05).The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that the luciferase activity of miR-328-3p and STAT33’untranslated regions of the wild-type reporter vector group was significantly decreased(P<0.001).Overexpressed miR-328-3p combined with bafilomycin A1(Baf A1)was used to detect the expression of LC3 II.Compared with the vector group,the expression level of LC3 II in the overexpressed miR-328-3p group was downregulated(P<0.05),and compared with the Baf A1 group,the expression level of LC3 II in the overexpressed miR-328-3p+Baf A1 group was upregulated(P<0.01).The expression of LC3 II was detected after intervention of 18β-GRA in GC cells,and the results were consistent with the results of miR-328-3p overexpression(P<0.05).Additional studies showed that 18β-GRA promoted autophagy flow by promoting autophagosome synthesis(P<0.001).qPCR showed that the expression of STAT3 mRNA was downregulated after drug intervention(P<0.05).Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of STAT3 and p-STAT3 were significantly downregulated after drug intervention(P<0.05).CONCLUSION 18β-GRA promotes the synthesis of autophagosomes and inhibits GC cell proliferation by regulating the miR-328-3p/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Antitumor activity of miR-188-3p in gastric cancer is achieved by targeting CBL expression and inactivating the AKT/mTOR signaling

BACKGROUND Altered miR-188-3p expression has been observed in various human cancers.AIM To investigate the miR-188-3p expression,its roles,and underlying molecular events in gastric cancer.METHODS Fifty gastric cancer and paired normal tissues were collected to analyze miR-188-3p and CBL expression.Normal and gastric cancer cells were used to manipulate miR-188-3p and CBL expression through different assays.The relationship between miR-188-3p and CBL was predicted bioinformatically and confirmed using a luciferase gene reporter assay.A Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to associate miR-188-3p or CBL expression with patient survival.A nude mouse tumor cell xenograft assay was used to confirm the in vitro data.RESULTS MiR-188-3p was found to be lower in the plasma of gastric cancer patients,tissues,and cell lines compared to their healthy counterparts.It was associated with overall survival of gastric cancer patients(P<0.001),tumor differentiation(P<0.001),lymph node metastasis(P=0.033),tumor node metastasis stage(I/II vs III/IV,P=0.024),and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage(I/II vs III/IV,P=0.03).Transfection with miR-188-3p mimics reduced tumor cell growth and invasion while inducing apoptosis and autophagy.CBL was identified as a direct target of miR-188-3p,with its expression antagonizing the effects of miR-188-3p on gastric cancer(GC)cell proliferation by inducing tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy through the inactivation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.The in vivo data confirmed antitumor activity via CBL downregulation in gastric cancer.CONCLUSION The current data provides ex vivo,in vitro,and in vivo evidence that miR-188-3p acts as a tumor suppressor gene or possesses antitumor activity in GC.

极端数据辅助的RSSE-PSP盲分离算法

针对逐幸存路径处理(PSP)算法在处理成对载波多址(PCMA)信号盲分离问题时复杂度过高的问题,提出一种基于极端数据辅助的减状态序列估计逐幸存路径处理(RSSE-PSP)盲分离算法。该算法基于PCMA信号中存在部分极端数据,按照单路源信号的参数估计结果去除频偏、相偏后能够凸显出极端数据,充分利用这部分极端数据,可以直接解调出源信号相应位置的传输符号,继而在PSP算法进行序列估计的过程中减少需要遍历的状态数,有效降低了PSP算法的复杂度,同时避免了极端符号位置的误码。仿真实验表明,在较高信噪比条件下,RSSE-PSP算法在分离复杂度和分离性能方面均优于传统的PSP算法。

SOQPSK-TG信号的EM半盲载波频偏估计

针对成形偏移四相相移键控-TG(Shaped Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying-Telemetry Group version,SOQPSK-TG)信号在训练序列长度受限时频偏估计精度较低的问题,利用双二进制分解(Doubinary Decomposition,DBD)原理提出基于期望最大化(Expectation Maximization,EM)的SOQPSK半盲载波频偏(Carrier Frequency Offset,CFO)估计算法。为了确保EM算法收敛到预期性能范围,使用基于非线性四次方码元定时估计算法的非数据辅助频偏估计方法优化了EM算法初始点选择。仿真实验结果表明,该算法相比于使用训练序列进行数据辅助估计的方法,在不增加辅助数据数量的前提下能够进一步提升CFO估计的精度,并在较高信噪比下拥有接近序列总长度所对应的克拉美罗界(Cramér-Rao Bound,CRB)的优秀性能。

一种Wi-Fi 6信号调制分析载波同步技术

近年来,无线局域网飞速发展,随着Wi-Fi 6标准的发布,各大无线设备制造商纷纷推出基于Wi-Fi 6标准的产品。然而Wi-Fi 6产品指标测试、故障诊断、标准符合性测试等均需测量仪器的支撑,为Wi-Fi 6信号测试分析仪器带来广泛的市场需求。文章主要研究Wi-Fi 6信号调制分析载波同步技术,提出基于训练序列和高效信号域频偏的估计方法,实现对WiFi 6信号的高精度解调。

基于MR-MWC系统的载频与DOA联合估计

针对传统奈奎斯特采样会产生庞大的数据量以及现有的阵列压缩采样系统存在结构复杂、重构运算量大等问题,本文提出了一种基于均匀线型阵列的改进型调制宽带转换器(Modulated Wideband Converter,MWC)的阵列接收系统,无需重构即可直接对接收信号的压缩采样数据进行载频与波达方向(Direction Of Arrival,DOA)估计.所提系统在MWC测频支路中采用周期性循环移位伪随机序列作为混频函数以求得子带索引估计,采用基于快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform,FFT)谱线插值法进行基带频率估计,且将MWC测向分支中混频函数设置为相同的伪随机序列,便可直接利用高分辨率的多重信号分类(MUltiple SIgnal Classification,MUSIC)算法对组合压缩采样数据完成DOA估计.实验仿真结果证明了所提系统能较好地从压缩采样数据中完成对目标的载频与DOA参数估计.

Blind carrier frequency estimation for phase shift keying signals in low signal to noise ratio

In order to solve the problem of carrier frequency blind estimation of PSK signals in electronic reconnaissance, a new estimation method was proposed. The phase shift keying（PSK） signal was divided into several overlapping intervals which had equal length, and the spectrum concentration measures of every interval were extracted by the FFT. And then, using the grid-density clustering, the spectrum concentration measures were classified into two categories, the narrowband spectrum interval and the wideband spectrum interval. The narrowband spectrum interval was regarded as the characteristic class. The spectrums of the characteristic class were accumulated to estimate the carrier frequency of PSK signal. The proposed method had avoided the non linear operation in the traditional PSK signal carrier frequency estimation algorithm. Thus, the signal to noise ratio （SNR） threshold was remarkably decreased. Moreover, the proposed method did not need the prior knowledge of the signal, which was suitable to the electronic reconnaissance occasion. Experimental results had verified the validity of the proposed estimation method in low SNR.

Improved extracellular endo-1,4-β-mannosidase activity of recombinant Pichia pastoris by optimizing signal peptide

In order to improve the extracellular endo-1,4-β-mannosidase(MAN) activity of recombinant Pichia pastoris, optimization of signal peptides was investigated. At first, five potential signal peptides(W1, MF4 I, INU1 A, αpre, HFBI) were chosen to be analyzed by Signal P 4.0, among which W1 was designed. Then, the widely used signal peptide α-factor in expression vector p GAPZαA was replaced by those five signal peptides to reconstruct five new expression vectors. MAN activity was assayed after expression vectors were transformed into Pichia pastoris. The data show that the relative efficiencies of W1, MF4 I, INU1 A, αpre, and HFBI signal peptides are 23.5%, 203.5%, 0, 79.7%, and 120.3% compared with α-factor, respectively. The further gene copy number determination by the quantitative real-time PCR reveals that the MAN activities mediated by α-factor from 1 to 6 gene copy number levels are 12.95, 43.33, 126.63, 173.53, 103.23 and 88.63 U/m L, while those mediated by MF4 I are 79.22, 133.89, 260.14, 347.5, 206.15 and 181.89 U/m L, respectively. The maximum MAN activity reached 347.5 U/m L with 4 gene copies mediated by MF4 I. These results indicate that replacing the signal peptide α-factor with MF4 I and increasing MAN gene copies to a proper number can greatly improve the secretory expression of MAN.

Hepatitis C virus core protein-induced miR-93-5p upregulation inhibits interferon signaling pathway by targeting IFNAR1

AIM To investigate the mechanism by which hepatitis C virus(HCV) core protein-induced mi R-93-5 p up-regulation regulates the interferon(IFN) signaling pathway.METHODS HCV-1 b core protein was exogenously expressed in Huh7 cells using pc DNA3.1(+) vector. The expression of mi R-93-5 p and interferon receptor 1(IFNAR1) was measured using quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The protein expression and phosphorylation level of STAT1 were evaluated by Western blot. The overexpression and silencing of mi R-93-5 p and IFNAR1 were performed using mi R-93-5 p agomir and antagomir, and pc DNA3.1-IFNAR1 and IFNAR1 si RNA, respectively. Luciferase assay was used to identify whether IFNAR1 is a target of mi R-93-5 p. Cellular experiments were also conducted.RESULTS Serum mi R-93-5 p level was increased in patients with HCV-1 b infection and decreased to normal level after HCV-1 b clearance, but persistently increased in those with pegylated interferon-α resistance, compared with healthy subjects. Serum mi R-93-5 p expression had an AUC value of 0.8359 in distinguishing patients with pegylated interferon-α resistance from those with pegylated interferon-α sensitivity. HCV-1 b core protein increased mi R-93-5 p expression and induced inactivation of the IFN signaling pathway in Huh7 cells. Furthermore, IFNAR1 was identified as a direct target of mi R-93-5 p, and IFNAR1 restore could rescue mi R-93-5 p-reduced STAT1 phosphorylation, suggesting that the mi R-93-5 p-IFNAR1 axis regulates the IFN signaling pathway.CONCLUSION HCV-1 b core protein-induced mi R-93-5 p up-regulation inhibits the IFN signaling pathway by directly targeting IFNAR1, and the mi R-93-5 p-IFNAR1 axis regulates STAT1 phosphorylation. This axis may be a potential therapeutic target for HCV-1 b infection.

A new method for improving the inductively coupled data transmission rate of mooring buoy based on carrier signal frequency selection

In the inductively coupled data transmission system of the mooring buoy, the carrier signal frequency of the transmission channel is limited due to the inherent characteristics of the system, resulting in limited channel bandwidth. The limited channel bandwidth limits the increase in inductively coupled data transmission rate.In order to improve the inductively coupled data transmission rate of mooring buoy as much as possible without damaging the data transmission performance, a new method was proposed in this paper. The method is proposed to improve the data transmission rate by selecting the appropriate carrier signal frequencies based on the principle of maximizing the amplitude value of amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the system. Research has been done according to this method as follows. Firstly, according to the inductively coupled transmission mooring buoy structure, the inductively coupled data transmission circuit model was established. The binary frequency shift keying(2FSK) digital signal modulation mode was selected. Through theoretical analysis, the relation between the carrier signal frequency and the data transmission performance, the relation between the carrier signal frequency and the 2FSK signal bandwidth were obtained. Secondly, the performance and the bandwidth of the signal transmission were studied for the inherent characteristics of the actual inductively coupled data transmission system. The amplitude-frequency characteristic of the system was analyzed by experiments. By selecting the appropriate carrier signal frequency parameters, an excellent data transmission performance was guaranteed and a large 2FSK signal bandwidth was obtained. Finally, an inductively coupled data transmission rate optimization experiment and a bit error rate analysis experiment were designed and carried out. The results show that the high-speed and reliable data transmission of the system was realized and the rate can reach 100 kbps.

Carrier fringe method of moire interferometry for tiny strain measurements in micro-field

In this paper, we demonstrate a new optical method for tiny strain measurements based on the principle of carrier fringes of moire interferometry. A cross-line grating with frequency of 1200 lp/mm is replicated on the specimen surface, and the strain can be deduced from the changes in carrier fringes before and after the deformation of an object. Four coherent laser beams are used to obtain the carrier fringe patterns of field U and V. Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation indicate that the ideal accuracy of strain can be controlled within a range of ±1με. Case study of a plane extension experiment shows that the measurement accuracy of strain can be controlled within the range of ±10με. The average strain values of every row of field U and every column of field V can be obtained by using this method, and approximated strain of every pixel in the whole-field can be further acquired, and thus it is possible to measure tiny strains occurred in a micro-field. The technology in this paper can provide comprehensive information for analyzing related mechanical content in the field of MEMS.

Differentially expressed genes and signalling pathways are involved in mouse osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to 17-β estradiol

Oestrogen is essential for maintaining bone mass, and it has been demonstrated to induce osteoblast proliferation and bone formation.In this study, complementary DNA（cDNA） microarrays were used to identify and study the expression of novel genes that may be involved in MC3T3-E1 cells’ response to 17-b estradiol. MC3T3-E1 cells were inoculated in minimum essential media alpha（a-MEM）cell culture supplemented with 17-b estradiol at different concentrations and for different time periods. MC3T3-E1 cells treated with1028mol？L2117-b estradiol for 5 days exhibited the highest proliferation and alkaline phosphatase（ALP） activity; thus, this group was chosen for microarray analysis. The harvested RNA was used for microarray hybridisation and subsequent real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） to validate the expression levels for selected genes. The microarray results were analysed using both functional and pathway analysis. In this study, microarray analysis detected 5 403 differentially expressed genes,of which 1 996 genes were upregulated and 3 407 genes were downregulated, 1 553 different functional classifications were identified by gene ontology（GO） analysis and 53 different pathways were involved based on pathway analysis. Among the differentially expressed genes, a portion not previously reported to be associated with the osteoblast response to oestrogen was identified. These findings clearly demonstrate that the expression of genes related to osteoblast proliferation, cell differentiation, collagens and transforming growth factor beta（TGF-b）-related cytokines increases, while the expression of genes related to apoptosis and osteoclast differentiation decreases, following the exposure of MC3T3-E1 cells to a-MEM supplemented with 17-b estradiol. Microarray analysis with functional gene classification is critical for a complete understanding of complementary intracellular processes. This microarray analysis provides large-scale gene expression data that require further confirmatory studies.

Geniposide, the component of the Chinese herbal formula Tongluojiunao, protects amyloid-β peptide(1–42)-mediated death of hippocampal neurons via the non-classical estrogen signaling pathway

Tongluojiunao （TLJN） is an herbal medicine consisting of two main components, geniposide and ginsenoside Rg1. TLJN has been shown to protect primary cultured hippocampal neurons. How-ever, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, primary cultured hippocampal neurons treated with Aβ1-42 （10 μmol/L） signiifcantly increased the release of lactate dehydroge-nase, which was markedly reduced by TLJN （2 μL/mL）, speciifcally by the component geniposide （26 μmol/L）, but not ginsenoside Rg1 （2.5 μmol/L）. hTe estrogen receptor inhibitor, ICI182780 （1 μmol/L）, did not block TLJN-or geniposide-mediated decrease of lactate dehydrogenase under Aβ1-42-exposed conditions. However, the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase or mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibitor, LY294002 （50 μmol/L） or U0126 （10 μmol/L）, respectively blo cked the decrease of lactate dehydrogenase mediated by TLJN or geniposide. hTerefore, these results suggest that the non-classical estrogen pathway （i.e., phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase or mitogen-activated protein kinase） is involved in the neuroprotective effect of TLJN, speciifcally its component, geniposide, against Aβ1-42-mediated cell death in primary cultured hippocampal neurons.

Continuous-Wave Interference Mitigation for Acquisition Method in Unified Carrier TT&C Systems

An interference mitigation for acquisition method,based on both energy center and spectrum symmetry detection,has been proposed as a possible solution to the problem of signal acquisition susceptibility to continuous-wave interference(CWI)in unified carrier telemetry,tracking,and command(TT&C)systems.With subcarrier modulation index as a priori condition,the existence of CWI is determined by comparing the energy center with the symmetric center.In the presence of interference,the interference frequency point is assumed and culled;sequentially,the spectral symmetry is used to verify whether the signal acquisition is realized.Theoretical analysis,simulations,and experimental results demonstrate that the method can realize the acquisition of the main carrier target signal with an interference-to-signal ratio of 31 dB,which represents an improvement over the existing continuous-wave interference mitigation for acquisition methods.

MiR-204-3p overexpression inhibits gastric carcinoma cell proliferation by inhibiting the MAPK pathway and RIP1/MLK1 necroptosis pathway to promote apoptosis

BACKGROUND Gastric carcinoma(GC)is the third most frequent cause of cancer-related death,highlighting the pressing need for novel clinical treatment options.In this regard,microRNAs(miRNAs)have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy.Studies have shown that miRNAs can regulate related signaling pathways,acting as tumor suppressors or tumor promoters.AIM To explore the effect of miR-204-3p on GC cells.METHODS We measured the expression levels of miR-204-3p in GC cells using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,followed by the delivery of miR-204-3p overexpression and miR-204-3p knockdown vectors into GC cells.CCK-8 was used to detect the effect of miR-204-3p on the proliferation of GC cells,and the colony formation ability of GC cells was detected by the clonal formation assay.The effects of miR-204-3p on GC cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.The BABL/c nude mouse subcutaneous tumor model using MKN-45 cells was constructed to verify the effect of miR-204-3p on the tumorigenicity of GC cells.Furthermore,the study investigated the effects of miR-204-3p on various proteins related to the MAPK signaling pathway,necroptosis signaling pathway and apoptosis signaling pathway on GC cells using Western blot techniques.RESULTS Firstly,we found that the expression of miR-204-3p in GC was low.When treated with the lentivirus overexpression vector,miR-204-3p expression significantly increased,but the lentivirus knockout vector had no significant effect on miR-204-3p.In vitro experiments confirmed that miR-204-3p overexpression inhibited GC cell viability,promoted cell apoptosis,blocked the cell cycle,and inhibited colony formation ability.In vivo animal experiments confirmed that miR-204-3p overexpression inhibited subcutaneous tumorigenesis ability in BABL/c nude mice.Simultaneously,our results verified that miR-204-3p overexpression can inhibit GC cell proliferation by inhibiting protein expression levels of KRAS and p-ERK1/2 in the MAPK pathway,as well as inhibiting protein expression levels of p-RIP1 and p-MLK1 in the necroptosis pathway to promote the BCL-2/BAX/Caspase-3 apoptosis pathway.CONCLUSION MiR-204-3p overexpression inhibited GC cell proliferation by inhibiting the MAPK pathway and necroptosis pathway to promote apoptosis of GC cells.Thus,miR-204-3p may represent a new potential therapeutic target for GC.

A novel Doppler frequency measurement method based on the closed-loop signal correlation for deep space exploration

In deep space exploration,it is necessary to improve the accuracy of frequency measurement to meet the requirements of precise orbit determination and various scientific studies.A phase detector is one of the key modules that restricts the tracking performance of phase-locked loop(PLL).Based on the phase relationship between adjacent signals in the time domain,a novel phase detector is presented to replace the arctangent phase detector.The new PLL,which is a closed loop signal correlation algorithm,shows good performance in tracking signals with high precision and the tracking accuracy of frequency of1 second integration is close to Cramer-Rao lower bound(CRLB)when setting proper parameters.Actual data processing results further illustrate the excellent performance of the novel PLL.