The impact of nurses’organizational commitment on their perceptions of the work environment:Strong mediating effect of the psychological contract

Objective:The objective is to assess the direct and indirect effects of nurses’organizational commitment(OC)on their work environment perceptions(WEP)and the role of the psychological contr act(PC).Methods:A cross‑sectional quantitative study of 3047 registered nurses in four Chinese hospitals was conducted.The Essentials of Magnetism II(Chinese version),OC,and PC scales were used in the study,and the structural equation modeling was used to assess the connections among variables.Results:The results showed that OC was positively correlated with WEP(r=0.561,P<0.001),and PC was negatively correlated with the WEP(r=−0.717,P<0.001),and OC(r=−0.739,P<0.001).Nurses’PC played a strong mediating role between OC and WEP,accounting for 87.64%of the total effect.Besides,PC played an important role in creating a healthy work environment.Conclusions:The exploration of the relationships among WEP,PC,and OC provides new insights for hospital managers to build a better work environment for nurses,which is conducive to maintaining a stable nurse team and providing high‑quality nursing services for patients.

Synthesis of 9-Halo Prostaglandin Derivatives and Their Effect on Uterus Contraction

Four 9-halo prostaglandin derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by IR,~1HNMR, MS, etc. The effect on uterus contraction of ratswas studied in vitro. It was found that compound g-Br seemed to be the most sensitive andγ-Cl somewhat less, while a-Cl and a-Br had almost no action as compared with oxytocin(1 IU/ml).

Myofiber Permeability and Force Production of Rat Muscles Following Eccentric Contractions: The Repeated Bout Effect Depends on the Interval

Past eccentric contraction (ECC)-induced muscle injury reduces the severity of symptoms of subsequent muscle injury;this phenomenon is known as a repeated bout effect (RBE). It has been reported that increases in the duration of the interval between the first and second bouts are linked to weakening of the RBE. However, the histology following the attenuation of the RBE remains unclear. We examined the sustained effects of the second bout with regard to myofiber permeability and muscle force. Sixty-four male rats were randomly assigned to eight groups that varied in the number of exercise sessions and the duration of the interval between the first and second bouts: the non-ECC (Control);the single-injury (Post 1st bout);groups that were allowed to recover for 1, 2, and 4 weeks after a single injury (Pre 2nd bout_1w, Pre 2nd bout_2w, and Pre 2nd bout_4w);and groups that were subjected to second injuries 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the first (Post 2nd bout_1w, Post 2nd bout_2w, and Post 2nd bout_4w). The tibialis anterior was electrically stimulated in each ECC group. Twenty-four hours before muscle sampling, Evans blue dye (EBD) (a marker of myofiber damage) was administered. The maximal isometric contraction tension was measured immediately before sampling. The number of EBD-positive (+) fibers was determined via histological analysis. An RBE was revealed by functional examination at the 1- and 2-week and histological examination at the 1-, 2-, and 4-week time points (P < 0.05). In terms of myofiber permeability, prolongation of the interval before the second bout weakened this effect (P < 0.05). Experiments with 1-, 2-, and 4-week intervals indicated that prolongation of the interval before the second bout weakened the RBE with regard to myofiber permeability.

The effect of K2SiF6 on the MgH2 hydrogen storage properties

The catalytic effect of K2SiF6 on MgH2 was first timely studied.The MgH2+5 wt.%K2SiF6 was prepared via the ball milling technique.The catalyst had lessened the initial decomposition temperature by 134℃ and 48℃ as compared to both pristine and milled MgH2 samples,respectively.In 2 minutes,4.5 wt.%of hydrogen was absorbed(250℃)by the doped composite,which was 0.8 wt.%higher than the milled MgH2.Meanwhile,for the desorption kinetics(320℃,1 atm),the amount of desorbed hydrogen was increased by 2.4 wt.%and 2.3 wt.%for the first 10 and 20 minutes.Besides,contracting volume and Johnson-Mehl-Avrami models were used to analyse the kinetics sorptions.The decomposition activation energy calculated based on Kissinger equation was 114 kJ/mol.As for the active species,Mg2Si,MgF2 and KH were formed during the heating process.These active species are speculated to be responsible for the improvement of the hydrogenation properties of the composite.

CONTRACTED EFFECT OF BELL-SHADE SHAPE WELDING ARC AND ACCOMPANIED MAGNETIC FIELD WITH SPIRAL PIPE SHAPE

ＣＯＮＴＲＡＣＴＥＤＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＢＥＬＬＳＨＡＤＥＳＨＡＰＥＷＥＬＤＩＮＧＡＲＣＡＮＤＡＣＣＯＭＰＡＮＩＥＤＭＡＧＮＥＴＩＣＦＩＥＬＤＷＩＴＨＳＰＩＲＡＬＰＩＰＥＳＨＡＰＥ①ＹｕＪｉａｎｒｏｎｇ，ＺｈａｎｇＪｉａｙｉｎｇ，ＪｉａｎｇＬｉｐｅｉ，...

CEOs’Diverse Career Experiences and the Effectiveness of Compensation Contracts:Evidence from Compensation Stickiness

CEO compensation stickiness represents an important indicator to measure the effectiveness of compensation contracts.This study uses CEO career experience data and compensation stickiness data from Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2020 to investigate the compensation contracts’effectiveness of CEOs with diverse career experiences.The findings are as follows:1)Compensation stickiness is more pronounced for CEOs with diverse career experiences.According to the mechanism test,these CEOs with diverse career experiences can obtain compensation incentives by reducing corporate uncertainty perception and improving total factor productivity.This approach leads to increased compensation stickiness and the effectiveness of compensation contracts.CEOs with diverse career experiences may receive excess compensation by raising agency costs,which intensifies compensation stickiness and weakens the effectiveness of compensation contracts.2)Compensation stickiness of CEOs with diverse career experiences is more significant in companies with lower investor protection,which brings about less effective compensation contracts.In contrast,in companies with higher diversification,the compensation stickiness of CEOs with diverse career experiences is more significant,which delivers more effective compensation contracts.The conclusions deepen the research of CEO compensation contracts and provide a helpful reference for CEO compensation management practices.

Effectiveness of China's Labor Contract Law——Evidence from China Employer-Employee Survey

Using micro-level data from China Employer-Employee Survey(CEES), this paper conducts an empirical analysis of firms' heterogeneous characteristics in the implementation of the Labor Contract Law and its effects on employees. Our findings are as follows: With China's economic development, firms more proactively implement the Labor Contract Law, resulting in a higher percentage of employees with labor contracts. Labor contracts significantly increase the probability of employees in receiving social insurances, such as pension, health, unemployment, work injury and birth insurances, and have a significantly positive effect on wage income. Longer term of labor contract corresponds to stronger employment protection, and such an effect is highly robust. Larger firms with higher capital-labor ratios have better results in implementing the Labor Contract Law. And employees of private and labor-intensive firms have poorer coverage of employment and social protection; such firms should be given focal attention in the law's implementation.

Effective stress law for rock masses and its application in impoundment analysis based on deformation reinforcement theory

Reservoir impoundment is related to several hydraulic engineering concerns,including irreversible valley contractions,landslides and reservoir-induced earthquakes.However,these phenomena,such as valley contractions,are hardly to be explained by the conventional method.The scientific understanding of water effects during impoundment and their hazards to hydraulic structure are needed.The effective stress law for fissured rock masses is introduced in the elasto-plastic model employing the Drucker-Prager criterion and implemented in the three dimension(3D)nonlinear finite element method(FEM)program Three-dimensional FINite Element(TFINE).The slope deforms towards river-way during impoundment since the increasing pore pressure in fissures changes stress state and leads to additional plastic deformation in the rock materials.The value of Biot coefficient and the influence of water on rock materials are discussed in detail.Thus,the mechanism of slope deformation during the impoundment of Jinping-I arch dam is revealed,and the deformation is accurately measured.The application of the effective stress law provides a method to consider stress assessment,deformation evaluation and stability estimate of hydraulic structures during the impoundment process.This is a beneficial exploration and an improvement of hydraulic engineering design.

Changes in the number of circulating CD34＋ cells after eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors in relation to muscle damage

Background： It has been reported that strenuous exercise increases the number of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells such as CD34＋ cells in the blood, but no previous studies have investigated the changes in circulating CD34＋ cells following resistance exercise. This study tested the hypothesis that the number of CD34＋ cells in the blood would increase after eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors, but decrease in recovery, and the magnitude of the changes would be dependent on the magnitude of muscle damage. Methods： Nine men （28.0 ± 6.6 years） performed exercises consisting of 10 sets of six maximal voluntary eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors with their non-dominant arm. Six of them performed the same exercise with the same ann 4 weeks later. Changes in indirect markers of muscle damage were measured before, within 10 min after, and at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after eccentric exercise. Differential leukocyte counts （total leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes） and CD34＋ cells in the blood were measured before, immediately after, and at 2, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h following the exercises. Results： After eccentric exercise, significant （p 〈 0.05） decreases in maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque and increases in delayed onset muscle soreness and plasma creatine kinase activity were observed. However, no significant changes in leukocytes and CD34＋ cells were evident. The changes in muscle damage markers were significantly （p 〈 0.05） smaller following the second exercise session as compared with the first exercise session, but the changes in leukocytes and CD34＋ cells were not significantly different between sessions. Conclusion： These results did not support the hypothesis, and showed that eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage to the elbow flexors did not influence the number of circulating CD34＋ cells.

Normative Effect of Fine Family Values Clauses in the Marriage and Family Section of China's Civil Code

The fine family values incorporated into China's Civil Code can effectively resolve the contradiction between the Marriage and Family Law's specific socialization requirements and the relatively insufficient socialization theypresent after they have been incorporated into the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China.The fine family values clauses can reflect the ethics of Marriage and Family Law by introducing the family's subject position in identity law,by specifying the scope and source of public order for judging behavior legitimacy in family relations,and by checking and balancing the tendency of turning Marriage and Family Law into Property Law.The clauses'normative effect includes the organizational effect aimed at regulating family power,social power and state power,and the advisory effect for promoting moral education.However,its core lies in its behavior normative effect for guiding the judicial process and its adjudicative normative effect.In terms of specific application,we should focus on realizing the normative function of the fine family values clauses.This function includes proving the relationship between a guardian's“lack of control and education”and external damage caused by family members,balancing family stability and personal freedom value,1limiting seeking improper property interests by means of identity behavior and creating independent legal interests.

数字经济发展与城市收缩——来自夜间灯光数据的证据

数字经济正成为社会经济发展的新动能,它对于抑制城市收缩、促进城市协调发展具有深远影响。利用2011—2021年夜间灯光数据,识别城市收缩,并考察数字经济发展对城市收缩的影响。研究发现,数字经济发展可以显著抑制城市收缩;数字经济发展抑制城市收缩的效应在收缩型城市以及市场化水平低、教育水平低的地区表现得更为明显;城市收入差距、产业结构升级、城市创新创业是数字经济发展抑制城市收缩的重要渠道,加强网络基础设施建设会更有利于数字经济抑制城市严重收缩。进一步研究发现,数字经济发展对城市收缩的影响具有门槛效应,即当数字经济发展达到一定水平后,它对城市收缩的抑制作用才会显现,同时抑制作用具有边际报酬递增的后发性优势。本研究有助于揭示数字经济发展影响城市收缩的作用机制,对于如何利用数字经济有效抑制城市收缩提供了经验支持。

计算法学:法律如何实现可计算——以方法论和认识论为分析视角

计算机技术与法学的融合促进了计算法学的形成。计算法学注重通过计算机技术对法律进行编码,用计算机代码表示、适用、解释和履行法律,甚至执行法律。为推动计算法学的进一步发展,学术研究必须回答“法律如何实现可计算”这个基本的理论问题。研究发现,在方法论和认识论视角下,有法律信息检索的智能化、法律合规标准的动态规则化、法律学术的数据化、法律规制工具的代码化,以及法律认知的可识别化五种途径实现可计算目标。同时,通过对这五种途径背后具有代表性的不同流派与设计理念的提炼,可在理论上回答和论证“法律如何实现可计算”的问题。这种“一花五蕊”的繁荣景象大大拓展了计算法学的疆域和学科前沿,在理论上初步构建了计算法学概念的外延。要完善计算法学的理论体系,还应在本体论之上构建概念内涵。从方法论和认识论到本体论的升华,是计算法学走向成熟和成为一门独立学科的必然路径。

“枫桥经验”预防性法律制度建设的实践及其成效

宪法、法律在基层社会的实施,高质量的社会规范不可或缺。从多维视角、立足社会治理的“枫桥经验”预防性法律制度建设,既体现问题导向,又服务基层社会治理,追求良法善治的目标,取得了显著成效。“枫桥经验”预防性法律制度主要包括实行综合治理、追求公正效果、健全制度体系、就地化解纠纷,采取预防措施、坚持效果导向、建立预防机制、彰显预防效果,推动制度进步和完善。依法限缩公权力边界,实现基层社会治理方式规范化、治理手段柔性化、治理机制长效化,彰显了基层群众自治制度的优势。

论公司外部表示行为的法律逻辑

公司法以调整公司的设立、运营和解散为主要目的,其规范构造也主要采用内部生效规则,与合同法等交易法主要关注外部合同如何成立、生效有明显不同。这种公司法与合同法分野的逻辑,虽有利于区分不同部门法律规范的调整任务及分工,却忽视了交易实践的复杂性,以及公司内部治理干预特定交易之成立对于维持公司法人格的重要性。公司法依托合同工具而成立,对于公司这一拟制主体,仍需解决基于董事或经理等自然人之代理行为而成立的交易如何归属于公司的问题。公司法首先建立了代理行为的“合法原则”与“职务原则”。同时,区分常规交易与特定交易,前者仅需董事、经理或雇员等自然人的个人行为即可成立,后者尚需取得公司内部机构的审议或同意即私法上的批准行为方可成立。因此,公司交易可能是由一元性的表示行为构成,也可能是由二元性或多元性的表示行为构成。公司股东会或董事会等内部治理机构的批准行为,不仅具有形成公司内部意思的效果,还具有决定外部交易是否成立生效的表示行为的力量。合同行为造就了公司,公司也不应完全游离在合同效力之外。唯此,才能形成控制公司代理人行为的有效机制。

服务期协议法律效力的判定与扩张

服务期协议法律效力的判定具有重要的法律意义,其为一种高度关涉当事人利益得失的法律操作。在判定服务期协议法律效力时,应确立和遵循一套合理并可操作的判定标准并秉持效力认定的基本态度。服务期协议效力具否之判定应分别考察主体、内容、形式和意思表示四大要素。如果可以同时满足主体适格性、内容合法性、形式完备性和意思表示真实性,则一般可判定服务期协议具备法律效力。对于形式欠缺完备性和意思表示欠缺真实性的服务期协议,在个案研判中不应机械和刚性地一味确认服务期协议无效,宜更加灵活和变通地处理这两种瑕疵情况下的效力问题,以充分体现和践行契约效力规则所应秉持的“尽量有效”的基本立法态度。服务期协议的时间效力和对人效力更具复杂性,需要在兼顾劳资双方利益的基础上适度突破契约相对性,肯认服务期效力在对人和时间层面上的适度扩张并加以必要的限制。

有限责任公司“人”的特征重构--基于人合性的反思

人合性是被我国公司法理论和实务界广泛认可的有限责任公司特征。“人合性”三字虽未明确入法,但是我国《公司法》在1993年制定之初即创设了相关制度,三十年来对人合性的肯定立场没有根本改变,2023年新《公司法》赓续传统,未有突破。在有限公司股东资格认定、股权转让等司法实务中,人合性已经成为司法审判的依据,影响深远。观诸英美法系和大陆法系国家,并无将有限公司列为人合性公司的立法例,而我国公司法上对人合性制度的立法论和解释论皆付诸阙如。实则,有限公司并无先验的所谓人合性特征,其应为契约性和法人实体的二合一。将来《公司法》再修订,应彻底废除有限公司人合性及其制度。

人事制度与合同体系在公立医院绩效管理中的协同作用研究

基层县市级公立医院正面临人事制度的更新与变革,打破传统的人事管理模式已刻不容缓,对于医院而言,就必须要加快人事管理法制化的步伐,重视人事管理制度及配套合同体系的有效建设,科学调配医院与员工之间的关系,有效配置医院各个岗位上的人员,才能在改革与发展的过程中,实现县市级公立医院的长期运转,在三级公立医院绩效考核中发挥引领作用。文章旨在探讨人事制度与合同体系在公立医院绩效管理发挥协同作用中的策略,通过人事制度、合同体系以及绩效考核基本概念的讲解,分析当前公立医院绩效考核中存在的问题并提出人事制度与合同体系协同下的绩效考核策略,以供参考。

关联企业混同用工的法律规制研究

在劳动法中引入关联企业概念,目的是赋予裁判机构审查认定关联企业混同用工行为是否存在规避劳动法、损害劳动者权益的情形;适用法人格否认规则,目的是在个案裁判中将关联企业视为联合雇主,要求其共同向劳动者承担用人单位法律义务。劳动者与用人单位签订劳动合同后被安排至关联企业工作的,劳动关系的归属以合同为判断标准;关联企业采取轮流订立劳动合同的方式交替用工的,应当认定劳动者与后签订劳动合同的用人单位存在劳动关系;未签订劳动合同的,则应以实际用工为考察依据判定劳动关系的归属。

独家签约模式下主播“跳槽”纠纷的法律适用问题

随着网络直播行业的蓬勃发展,主播“跳槽”纠纷频频发生。实践中,独家签约主播“跳槽”纠纷争议焦点主要集中于竞业限制制度和违约金司法酌减规则的适用问题,相关裁判存在分歧,有损司法权威。根据网络主播法律身份,劳动关系下主播竞业限制具有合法性基础,应依据《劳动合同法》审查各项要件。具有演艺经纪关系主播可以与直播公司约定竞业限制,但应严格审查该条款的合法性与合理性。在审查认定竞业限制约定有效的基础上,进一步明确违约金司法酌减的举证责任分配与具体考量因素。

不定期继续性合同任意解除的生效时点

《民法典》第563条第2款规定了不定期继续性合同的任意解除制度,该制度最核心的问题是确定合同解除的时点。该款“当事人可以随时解除合同”的表述存在歧义,极易引发误解,法律和司法解释规定的不明确导致学界观点模糊不清,司法裁判立场也存在明显差异。不定期继续性合同任意解除的生效时点应为解除通知到达对方当事人后的合理期限届满时,从而有利于保护相对方合理信赖,给予相对方必要准备时间,合理规避损害赔偿的难题。具体衡量不定期继续性合同任意解除的生效时点,应从合同持续时间与履行情况、当事人对合同的依赖程度、寻求替代交易的难易程度几方面进行客观衡量,妥善平衡合同双方当事人的利益。