Peri-urban Development:Discussion with Land Use Zoning,Statutory Provision,and Issues inside Katahari Rural Municipality,Nepal

The peri-urban area is a transitional zone between the city and its hinterlands characterized by mixed land use and intensive flows of resources,people,goods,and services from and to the city center.These zones are generally misguided and haphazardly developed without a proper planning framework.The peri-urban area at present will be the urban area in the future;therefore,it needs planning intervention in its initial stage of growth.Katahari,a peri-urban area of Biratnagar metropolitan city,is developing a spontaneous lack of land use plans.Recently,the Government of Nepal has encouraged the local government to implement land use plans in the provided framework,policy,and guidelines.This study,in this context,attempts to analyze and identify land use issues and potential zones for Katahari rural municipality that also supports planning urban development in the future.The study is based on primary and secondary data and information supported by maps and figures.It is concluded that Katahari has been developed as a multi-function center adjoining the Biratnagar metropolitan city,and future expansion of the city will cover a wide range of rural municipalities.The postal highway that passes through it has attracted a wide range of urban functions.Agriculture,residential,commercial,and industrial are the main land use category at present and needs development control through providing land use zoning and related planning instruments through the increasing role of the stakeholder and the government agencies in the decision-making processes and implementation of spatial development frameworks to regulate peri-urban development in the area which will guide the future planning for liability,economic viability,social inclusion,and environmental sustainability in the area.Spill-over development activities of Biratnagar,have increased the number of economic activities,population growth,and mixed-use development.

Measuring the importance of RMB in the exchange rate spill-over networks: new indices of RMB internationalisation

Using an innovative network approach,this study constructs new indices of the renminbi(RMB)internationalisation and presents strong evidence of the RMB’s growing influence globally and regionally.We identify networks of exchange rate spill-overs and examine time-varying spill-over intensities among the RMB and world major currencies of G20 members as well as currencies related to the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).Shocks from the RMB generate intensifying spill-overs across currency networks.The role of the RMB in the networks has increased steadily over time.Our findings highlight that the RMB has become increasingly important since China has initiated the marketisation reform of its currency and proposed to build the modern Belt and Road.

Selective dissolution to synthesize densely populated Pt single atom catalyst

Single atom catalysts(SACs)have become one of research focuses in heterogeneous catalysis for their effective utilization of active metal atoms and unique properties in various catalytic reactions.However,due to their high surface energy,noble metal single atoms like Pt tend to migrate and agglomerate to form larger clusters or nanoparticles,which makes it a challenge to fabricate noble metal SACs with high loading(>5 wt.%).Furthermore,the decisive factors of loading maximum are still not clear.Here,we reported a manganese oxide supported Pt SAC with a high loading of 5.6 wt.%synthesized by selective dissolution strategy.The pre-stabilization of Pt by coordinated oxygen and the abundant surface defects of support are the determinants of high loading.The Pt SAC exhibited much better H_(2)spill-over and hydrocarbon oxidation abilities with lower adsorption and dissociation energies than the manganese oxide support because of its local electronic structure with less repulsion.