Site Selection of Waste Slag Yard and Design of Protective Measures in Water Supply Project of Drawing from the Songhua River in Central Cities of Jilin

Water supply project of drawing from the Songhua River in central cities of Jilin is taken as research object.On the basis of analyzing project characteristics and natural conditions of the project area,site selection of waste slag yard of water diversion project and design of water and soil conservation measures are discussed.Rationality of site selection of waste slag yard and pertinence of prevention and control measures of water and soil loss in waste slag yard are analyzed,and comprehensive utilization of waste slag in large-scale production and construction projects is explored.

Analysis on the Structure of Influencing Factors of Sustainable Supply Chain Implementation of Water Diversion Project

The systematic analysis of the hierarchical relationship among the factors affecting the sustainable supply chain implementation of water diversion projects has theoretical value and practical significance for the sustainable development of large-scale water diversion projects. Through the investigation of relevant literature, books, web pages, materials, and discussions with relevant experts and scholars, a total of 23 factors influencing the sustainable supply chain implementation of water diversion projects were identified. Then using ISM (Interpretative Structural Modeling Method) to analyze the causality of each factor, a multi-level hierarchical structure model was obtained. The results showed that: 1) The surface-level influencing factors of the sustainable supply chain implementation of the water diversion project mainly included 8 factors such as water-saving awareness and water-saving intensity in the diversion area, water quality, water pollution and other disasters, effective incentive mechanisms, etc., and surface-level influencing factors were directly related to the sustainable supply chain implementation of water diversion projects. 2) The indirect influencing factors of the sustainable supply chain of water diversion projects included 12 factors such as the water quality and quantity guarantee rate of the supply chain, the government’s enforcement of laws and regulations, water distribution, ecological compensation, and compensation mechanisms for residents in the water source area. Indirect influencing factor scan acts directly on the direct influencing factors, and intervening in the factors that can be controlled by humans is one of the important ways to improve the sustainable operation of water diversion projects. 3) The fundamental influencing factors for the sustainable supply chain implementation of water diversion projects included three factors: Resettlement policy, government financial support, and sound laws and regulations. Deep influencing factors had multi-channel influence and controllability, and intervening in them was the main means to improve the sustainable operation of water diversion projects.

Price Analysis of Water Supply for South-to-North Water Transfer Project

The factors influencing the water supply price of a hydraulic project include natural conditions and economic policies. This paper thoroughly demonstrates the water price of South-to-North Water Transfer Project from the viewpoint of economic policies. It is considered that if the project is assigned as a profitable one and built depending on commercial loan from bank completely or mostly, the water price will be too high to be undertaken by users,and if the project places the public good at first while considering the economic benefit, its investment mainly relies on the state (national or local governments) appropriation and self-raised funds and a little from the bank loan on favorable terms, the price determined according to the principle of satisfying the cost and reasonable profit will be relatively lower and can be undertaken by the users in the North China where water shortage is serious. The problem of higher water price of agricultural irrigation to the north of the Yellow River can be tackled by taking measures such as "compensating agriculture by industry" according to foreign practical experiences and relevant suggestions.

The Design of a Mobile Phone-Based Remote-Control Application to Submersible Motor for Effective Water Supply

In the last few decades, several monitoring systems integrated with water level detection have been the major research focus. Production boost and its sustainability depend mainly on sustainable water supply, measuring water level, and avoiding waste of water is an essential task for all stakeholders. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to design and implement a mobile phone-based remote control. This will be applied to control the operation of a submersible motor in a water tank. The water level in the tank is detected and the device remotely turns the motor pump on/off. The design process is accomplished by developing an android application that works on GSM technology to manage the filling of water tank. An AT89C51 microcontroller is used for the desired programming. At the transmitting end, sensor is used for level detection and GSM module is used to send the information to user. According to this information, user controls the on/off operation of the pump. A SIM card is required for its operation and it works on attention (AT) commands. After the design and implementation of the device, the test results showed that all features of the device worked properly, and the device functions exactly as expected. More significantly, the paper has shown that ultrasonic sensors can be used to determine the level of water in a water tank and a GSM module can be used to control a submersible pump. The design and implementation of this device can help to reduce waste of time and power. Ultimately, it avoids water wastage thereby ensuring availability, conservation, and sustainability of water supply.

合理确定排涝泵站规模的感潮河道模型试验研究

合理确定泵站规模一直是感潮河道排涝工程设计中的关键问题。通过建立物理模型,在选定的水文边界条件和相应工程运行要求下,对某感潮水系两座涌口泵站规模进行试验研究。试验发现,受限于河涌过流能力,泵站规模存在临界值,超过该值后,即使再进一步增加泵站规模,水位也不会继续下降;泵站抽排对某位置水位的降低效应与泵站和该位置之间的距离密切相关,距离越近,水位降低越明显。基于上述认识,通过试验确定了满足水位管控要求的两座泵站规模的合理组合:距离相对较远的温涌泵站为80 m3/s,较近的金紫涌泵站为130 m~3/s。试验方法和主要成果可为工程方案比选及优化提供重要依据,对类似河涌整治工程也具有一定的借鉴意义。

基于NSGA-Ⅱ的南水北调东线一期北延应急工程水资源多目标优化配置

为推进南水北调工程高质量发展,以南水北调东线一期北延应急供水工程为研究对象,开展北延应急供水工程水资源多目标优化配置研究。以缺水量最小、调水成本最低为目标,构建北延应急供水工程受水区水量多目标优化配置模型,基于非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)进行模型求解。确定各受水区在经济最大化和缺水总量最小化条件下的供水量,制定符合农业、生态和城市应急等需求的精准调配方案。结果表明:平水年满足按需分配条件,做到满足最大需水量的同时也满足供水成本最低的目标;枯水年年供水保证率分别为57%、56%、55%、54%、53%、49%、46%、36%、34%和21%情况下的10组最优解作为水量优化配置方案,其中7个优化配置方案供水保证率大于规划调水量的供水保证率值38%。在水资源多目标优化配置方案下可高效完成受水区供需水任务的同时,有效提高供水保证率,同时保证调水成本的经济性。

浮式平台多用途供水系统设计

文章分析了常规水泵系统设计方案的优缺点及适应性,针对在特殊型式的浮式平台中常规方案无法满足设计要求的问题,提出了使用长轴泵系统及自吸泵系统的解决方案,给出相应的系统计算方法和设计要点,包括系统控制逻辑、管系设计、阀门类型、泵吸入性能计算、防汽蚀措施及设备布置方案等,为各类浮式平台及船舶的供水系统设计提供了参考。

建筑给排水系统中减振降噪设计的优化及实施分析

为保证建筑给排水系统运行时的稳定性,降低给排水系统的噪声,文章对建筑给水泵房和排水系统中的减振降噪设计进行了深入探讨。首先,分析给水泵组和排水系统的噪声机理,指出给水泵组和排水系统在运行时产生的噪声来源及传播途径;其次,提出了给水泵机组和排水系统减振降噪的设计方案优化措施。为验证设计方案的有效性,以某住宅小区实际建筑为案例,对给水泵房及室内排水的减振降噪优化方案进行了实测分析。实测结果表明,优化方案可以有效降低给排水系统的噪声水平,具有较高的实践价值。

对某城乡供水工程自动化控制的设计和应用研究

城乡供水自动化是解决农村饮水安全的重要措施,能够有效保证供水工程的管理决策能力和应用服务水平。总结了某城乡供水项目中自动化控制的设计和应用,不仅能有效的弥补水利工程建设过程中存在的不足,此外在实现水利工程长远发展、提高水利工程管理水平中也发挥了重要性作用,可以实现城乡供水后期运行中节水、减员、降本、增效的功能优势,推动了城乡供水的均等化服务,有效巩固当地的脱贫攻坚工作。

基于Modbus TCP的临时水质在线监测系统于供水管网上的应用

供水管网作为城市发展生命线,对其进行水质监测是保障供水安全的重要措施。其中,利用水质在线仪表监测供水水质已成为智慧水务中的重要一环。目前受安装条件的限制,管网水质在线仪表大多都固定安装于二次供水泵房,无法监测到主管网水质,监测不全面,代表性不强;同时在供水管道迁改和抢修施工过程中难以实时全面掌握受影响区域的水质波动情况。文章设计了一套集水样采集、UPS供电、水质仪表为一体的Modbus TCP的临时水质在线监测系统,该系统各环节设计自成一体,可分开可联用,安装简单,移动方便,可临时安装于供水主管道、消防栓、二次供水泵房等,有针对性实时监测多种场景下管网的水质变化情况,有效保障管网水质安全。

多水源地长距离供水工程恒定流水力仿真研究

本文基于压力管道水力学基本理论,针对长距离多泵站、多水源地供水联合运行问题,建立供水工程管网系统恒定流水力仿真模型,分别求解日常运行、常规检修与应急抢险等不同工况下管网系统中各点的压力与流量变化情况,从而检验系统的运行情况。结果表明,各工况下该供水系统压力极值都符合管道的承压标准,具备安全过流条件,可为类似供水工程的运行提供一定的参考作用。

基于可靠性的并联泵组加减泵优化研究

多泵并联变频供水是二次供水系统中最主要的运行方式,但在实际应用中仍会因为工况分析不全面、泵组搭配不当等问题导致节能效果不佳。为此,引入可靠性分区并提出变频恒压并联泵组加、减泵控制逻辑对变频恒压并联泵组进行运行优化,使泵组运行时的能效水平和可靠性均得到提升。最后通过算例验证并联泵组可靠性优化措施的节能效果,将优化后的全变频控制方案与传统全变频控制方案进行对比。结果表明,优化后的方案比传统方案更加节能,可为二次供水并联泵组节能运行提供参考。

基于Python的水泵稳定工况点优化求解方法研究

水泵稳定工况点的确定对于提高供水泵站的运行性能和效率至关重要。基于Python编程语言开发一款计算水泵稳定工况点的软件,充分考虑水泵进、出水段管路水头损失,优化水泵稳定工况点数学模型。根据供水泵站已知水力参数,计算不同管段的管路水头损失参数和水泵特性曲线参数,绘制管路特性曲线、水泵特性曲线和流量—效率曲线,快速确定不同地形扬程的水泵稳定工况点。以引冶入昌供水工程为例,进行软件的实际应用。应用情况表明:初选的KQSN350-M6型水泵在地形扬程为52.6 m时最大工作扬程为81.53 m,没有达到设计扬程83.00 m;重新选择的SD250-600A型水泵在地形扬程为52.6 m时最大工作扬程为83.96 m,满足设计扬程要求。

南水北调东线江苏段典型泵站运行效率模拟模型

泵站机组运行受多种因素影响,导致泵站运行理论效率与实际效率误差较大。针对泵站机组运行效率精准模拟难题,运用基于高价多项式回归、回归树、多元线性回归、向量机回归、高斯过程回归、神经网络的10个回归算法,建立泵站机组效率模拟模型并开展对比分析,优选出有效的泵站运行效率模拟建模方法。讨论分析采用“上下游水位+流量”代替传统“扬程+流量”开展泵站运行模拟的效果。以南水北调东线邳州站和遂宁二站共8台机组的历史数据开展实例分析,相关实验结果表明:在所有方法中,高斯过程回归(Gaussian process regression,GPR)模型在均方根误差(ERMS)、平均绝对误差(EMA)、均方误差(EMS)、决定系数(R2)和最大个体误差(EMI)指标上综合表现最佳,R2逼近0.95;使用站上、站下水位代替传统的扬程对模型进行训练,所有模型的综合评价指标整体有所改善。综合来看,使用GPR模型并使用上游、下游水位代替扬程进行模拟效率表现最好,以邳州站4号机为例,可将模拟效率的EMA和EMI分别从16.49%和20.40%减少至0.41%和2.30%,研究成果具有一定实际意义,可为我国调水工程泵站经济运行提供有力支撑。

土壤源热泵地埋管侧水系统优化运行研究

本文基于江苏无锡某典型厂房土壤源热泵空调项目的实测数据,以地源侧系统总能耗最低为目标,构建设备模型对地源水泵运行工况进行优化,并与两种传统控制策略的运行效果进行对比,据此提出进一步的优化建议。结果表明:基于负荷的优化控制策略,其节能效果要明显优于定频控制策略,冬夏季典型测试日平均节能率分别为28.33%和13.27%,相比于5℃温差变频策略节能了3.61%和2.21%。适当增大地埋管的埋管深度或管径,可以进一步提升该优化控制策略的节能效果。传统的定温差控制策略在负荷率大于60%时,可在5℃基础上将温差增加1~5℃以提升节能效果。

南水北调东线工程典型供排闸站施工导流分析研究

南水北调东线工程南起扬州长江,经13个梯级提水入东平湖后,穿黄北送等,线路总长1466.5 km。鉴于南水北调输水干线上水工建筑物的功能多样,加固改造时供排水导流工况复杂,选取输水干线典型闸站即沙集闸站,分功能、分时段、分规模、分方案地进行导流,充分保障施工期工程原供排水充分效益发挥。

浙江省水利工程供水价格现状与改革建议

水利工程供水价格改革作为治水思路转变、水资源优化配置以及生态文明体制改革的重要举措,对水利支撑共同富裕示范区建设具有重要意义。基于对浙江省93个重要供水工程供水成本及价格的样本数据,采用定量定性结合、省内省外横向对比分析等方法,客观全面地分析浙江省水利工程供水价格管理现状和区域差异,深入剖析供水价格改革中的痛点堵点,提出新时期进一步深化浙江省水利工程供水价格改革的针对性对策建议。

软土超大面积基坑群工程安全与环境控制设计与实践

软土地区超大面积基坑群工程安全和环境影响控制问题突出,成为城市建设中的难题。以上海地区规模最大、最复杂的基坑群工程之一的西岸传媒港与上海梦中心项目为背景,基坑支护设计跳出传统的构件设计框架,从总体与细节上对基坑群工程进行整体把控。在综合考虑不同地块的开发进度需求、多地块叠加作用下敏感环境保护等问题的基础上,合理化基坑分区与实施流程。提出了复杂多约束条件下基坑群支护体系设计和以运营地铁为保护对象的敏感环境变形控制成套技术,以及安全与经济并举的基坑群承压水控制对策。上述措施解决了软土地区超大面积基坑群工程一系列技术难题,确保了基坑施工过程中周边环境安全,同时兼顾了工期需求。

基于Flowmaster的小流量供水设备调节性能模拟

现有的二次供水研究对小流量工况关注较少,小流量工况下主泵低效运行、频繁启停问题正成为制约城市供水“最后一公里”低能耗、高质量发展的痛点。为此,建立Flowmaster仿真模型对“工频辅泵+气压罐”小流量供水模式进行模拟,探究了需求侧不同小流量下气压罐的调节性能。结果表明,“工频辅泵+气压罐”可很好减少水泵启停次数,保持系统稳定。进一步研究了气压罐预充压力对调节性能的影响,阐明了预充气泄漏带来的负面影响,并提出相关工程建议。

170m以下超高层建筑(群)消防给水设计探讨

对“一泵到顶”供水方式的极限应用高度进行探讨,研究“临时高压重力消防给水系统”的可行性,并针对170m以下超高层建筑或建筑群,探讨一种相对经济合理的消防给水系统设计方案。“临时高压重力消防给水系统”取消低区独立的消防加压泵组,低区消防系统由高位水箱重力供给,简化了系统形式,提高了系统的经济性,对于此类建筑的消防给水系统优化具有积极意义。