Reentry trajectory rapid optimization for hypersonic vehicle satisfying waypoint and no-fly zone constraints

To rapidly generate a reentry trajectory for hypersonic vehicle satisfying waypoint and no-fly zone constraints, a novel optimization method, which combines the improved particle swarm optimization （PSO） algorithm with the improved Gauss pseudospectral method （GPM）, is proposed. The improved PSO algorithm is used to generate a good initial value in a short time, and the mission of the improved GPM is to find the final solution with a high precision. In the improved PSO algorithm, by controlling the entropy of the swarm in each dimension, the typical PSO algorithm＇s weakness of being easy to fall into a local optimum can be overcome. In the improved GPM, two kinds of breaks are introduced to divide the trajectory into multiple segments, and the distribution of the Legendre-Gauss （LG） nodes can be altered, so that all the constraints can be satisfied strictly. Thereby the advan- tages of both the intelligent optimization algorithm and the direct method are combined. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is insensitive to initial values, and it has more rapid convergence and higher precision than traditional ones.

New U-Pb Geochronological Constraints on Formation and Evolution of the Susong Complex Zone in the Dabie Orogen

Objective The Susong complex zone（SCZ）is a relatively lowgrade metamorphic unit mostly with an epidoteamphibolite facies,located in the southernmost part of the Dabie orogen.However,its rock compositions,ages,

Timing of the Early Paleozoic Yangtze and Cathysian Convergence： Constraint from U-Pb Geochronology of Hydrothermal Zircons from Mafic Mylonite within the Shoucheng-Piaoli Ductile Shear Zone, Northern Guangxi

Objective The northern Guangxi region is in the southwestern part of the Southern China continent,which is located at the junction of the southwest section of the Early Paleozoic Yangtze block and Cathaysian block.A series of NNE-trending ductile shear zones are developed in this region,and these ductile shear zones are mostly previously suggested boundary faults of the Early Paleozoic Yangtze block and Cathaysian block,such as the Shoucheng–Piaoli ductile shear zone in Northern Guangxi （Meng Yuanku et al., 2016; Zhang Xuefeng et al., 2015）.

The Nature of No-Fly Zones in International Relations

A No-Fly Zone (NFZ) is a unique mode of humanitarian intervention that is understudied in international relations. This article focuses on the politics of NFZs in international relations, and investigates their nature by empirically reviewing all three cases of NFZs to date. NFZs represent a middle ground for international intervention which, both legally and legitimately, may be aimed at either protecting populations or promoting regime change in weak states, depending on the circumstances. There may be efforts by intervening states to highlight humanitarian crises among certain targets in order to secure UN authorization for the NFZs;but the implementation of NFZs is also largely driven by the security interests of the enforcing states. As a result, there is the potential for those states implementing NFZs to transcend legal authorization and to at times use excessive force, with the potential for calamitous results for local people, or, in extreme cases, to accomplish regime change by supporting opposition parties in target states.

The Implementation Mode of No-Fly Zones in International Relations

A No-Fly Zone(NFZ)is a unique mode of humanitarian intervention which is understudied in international relations.This article focuses on the political dimension of NFZs in international relations and investigates their implementations by empirically reviewing all three cases of NFZs to date.There may be efforts by intervening states to highlight humanitarian crises among certain targets to secure UN authorization for the NFZs;yet the implementation of NFZs is also driven largely by the security interests of enforcing states.As a result,there is the potential for those states implementing NFZs to transcend legal authorization and sometimes use excessive force,with likely calamitous results for local populations,or in extreme cases,accomplishing regime change by supporting opposition parties in target states.

Effective Hybrid Teaching-learning-based Optimization Algorithm for Balancing Two-sided Assembly Lines with Multiple Constraints

Due to the NP-hardness of the two-sided assembly line balancing （TALB） problem, multiple constraints existing in real applications are less studied, especially when one task is involved with several constraints. In this paper, an effective hybrid algorithm is proposed to address the TALB problem with multiple constraints （TALB-MC）. Considering the discrete attribute of TALB-MC and the continuous attribute of the standard teaching-learning-based optimization （TLBO） algorithm, the random-keys method is hired in task permutation representation, for the purpose of bridging the gap between them. Subsequently, a special mechanism for handling multiple constraints is developed. In the mechanism, the directions constraint of each task is ensured by the direction check and adjustment. The zoning constraints and the synchronism constraints are satisfied by teasing out the hidden correlations among constraints. The positional constraint is allowed to be violated to some extent in decoding and punished in cost fimction. Finally, with the TLBO seeking for the global optimum, the variable neighborhood search （VNS） is further hybridized to extend the local search space. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid algorithm outperforms the late acceptance hill-climbing algorithm （LAHC） for TALB-MC in most cases, especially for large-size problems with multiple constraints, and demonstrates well balance between the exploration and the exploitation. This research proposes an effective and efficient algorithm for solving TALB-MC problem by hybridizing the TLBO and VNS.

Constraint-induced movement therapy enhances angiogenesis and neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

Constraint-induced movement therapy after cerebral ischemia stimulates axonal growth by decreasing expression levels of Nogo-A,RhoA,and Rho-associated kinase(ROCK)in the ischemic boundary zone.However,it remains unclear if there are any associations between the Nogo-A/RhoA/ROCK pathway and angiogenesis in adult rat brains in pathological processes such as ischemic stroke.In addition,it has not yet been reported whether constraint-induced movement therapy can promote angiogenesis in stroke in adult rats by overcoming Nogo-A/RhoA/ROCK signaling.Here,a stroke model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion.Seven days after stroke,the following treatments were initiated and continued for 3 weeks:forced limb use in constraint-induced movement therapy rats(constraint-induced movement therapy group),intraperitoneal infusion of fasudil(a ROCK inhibitor)in fasudil rats(fasudil group),or lateral ventricular injection of NEP1-40(a specific antagonist of the Nogo-66 receptor)in NEP1-40 rats(NEP1-40 group).Immunohistochemistry and western blot assay results showed that,at 2 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion,expression levels of RhoA and ROCK were lower in the ischemic boundary zone in rats treated with NEP1-40 compared with rats treated with ischemia/reperfusion or constraint-induced movement therapy alone.However,at 4 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion,expression levels of RhoA and ROCK in the ischemic boundary zone were markedly decreased in the NEP1-40 and constraint-induced movement therapy groups,but there was no difference between these two groups.Compared with the ischemia/reperfusion group,modified neurological severity scores and foot fault scores were lower and time taken to locate the platform was shorter in the constraint-induced movement therapy and fasudil groups at 4 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion,especially in the constraint-induced movement therapy group.Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that fasudil promoted an immune response of nerve-regeneration-related markers(BrdU in combination with CD31(platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule),Nestin,doublecortin,NeuN,and glial fibrillary acidic protein)in the subventricular zone and ischemic boundary zone ipsilateral to the infarct.After 3 weeks of constraint-induced movement therapy,the number of regenerated nerve cells was noticeably increased,and was accompanied by an increased immune response of tight junctions(claudin-5),a pericyte marker(a-smooth muscle actin),and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2.Taken together,the results demonstrate that,compared with fasudil,constraint-induced movement therapy led to stronger angiogenesis and nerve regeneration ability and better nerve functional recovery at 4 weeks after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.In addition,constraint-induced movement therapy has the same degree of inhibition of RhoA and ROCK as NEP1-40.Therefore,constraint-induced movement therapy promotes angiogenesis and neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury,at least in part by overcoming the Nogo-A/RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.All protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of China Medical University,China on December 9,2015(approval No.2015 PS326 K).

改进的容量约束设施区划模型的算法及应用

针对经典的容量约束设施区位模型(CFLP)缺少考虑公平、效率与服务质量三方面的因素,以及平衡三者关系的问题,文章提出了引入覆盖半径ϕ、最低覆盖率μ、设施建设成本CAP对模型进行改进,算法的求解实质是求解线性规划问题的最优解。根据以上方法进行案例区的计算验证,实验结果表明,与传统模型算法相比,改进的CFLP模型通过灵活选择设施的服务半径和覆盖率参数求解计算,能较好地兼顾服务成本、服务质量和空间公平性三者之间的关系,并可于5s内得出最优解,相比传统算法150s的平均计算时间,有显著的提升,对城市公共服务设施的布局优化具有较高的实用价值。

板坯宽度方向非均匀冷却条件下凝固模拟

利用多物理场仿真软件COMSOL模拟板坯连铸宽度方向非均匀冷却状态下的凝固过程的数值模拟。通过将各冷却区设定的铸坯表面目标温度作为约束条件代入傅里叶传热微分方程,反向推算板坯内弧表面中线上各冷却区的换热系数。在此基础上,根据二冷区喷嘴的布置及喷嘴喷雾分布试验数据将该换热边界条件沿铸坯宽度方向进行拓展,计算出板坯从MD弯月面开始到最末扇形段出口的整个铸流区间的3D温度场。通过该方法可模拟出相同冷却条件下不同铸坯宽度在厚度中性层剖面两相区区间范围的区别,并且也可以清晰地反映出喷嘴的布置对铸坯表面温度及凝固终点的影响,从而为生产中的凝固末端压下策略和喷嘴布置的设计提供有力的数据支撑。

自贸试验区建设与企业新质生产力发展

自贸试验区建设可以提高企业的员工素质、改善企业的劳动资料、拓展企业的劳动对象、优化企业的要素配置,并通过制度创新缓解企业的融资约束、降低企业的制度成本,从而促进企业新质生产力发展。从新质劳动力、新质劳动资料、新质劳动对象、要素组合优化4个维度构建企业新质生产力水平评价指标体系,结合熵值法和独立性权重进行指标赋权,采用沪深A股上市公司2012—2022年的数据分析发现:自贸试验区建设显著提升了所在城市企业的新质生产力水平,并对“区外市内”企业的新质生产力水平也具有显著的正向影响;自贸试验区建设能够通过缓解融资约束和降低制度成本的路径来促进企业新质生产力发展;自贸试验区建设显著提升了非国有企业新质生产力水平,但对国有企业的影响不显著;自贸试验区建设的企业新质生产力提升效应在沿海地区显著,但在内陆地区不显著。因此,应积极推进自贸试验区建设,以因地制宜发展新质生产力为目标优化自贸试验区制度体系,并增强自贸试验区建设的辐射带动作用,有效促进企业新质生产力发展。

生态文明建设示范区对企业全要素生产率的影响研究——基于财政分权视角

生态文明建设示范区是中国政府推进生态文明建设的一项制度创新。本文以2011~2022年沪深A股制造业上市公司为研究样本,采用多期双重差分模型实证探究生态文明建设示范区对企业全要素生产率的影响。研究发现:(1)生态文明建设示范区提升了企业全要素生产率,且这一结果在经过一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立;(2)生态文明建设示范区对企业全要素生产率的促进作用随着财政分权程度的提高而降低;(3)进一步分析表明,生态文明建设示范区对企业全要素生产率的促进作用在非国有企业、东部企业和大规模企业中更显著。生态文明建设示范区主要是通过缓解企业面临的融资约束来促进企业全要素生产率的提升。本文的研究对于全面建设生态文明、促进企业转型、提升企业全要素生产率和经济的高质量发展具有一定的参考意义。

绿色金融改革、金融资源配置与企业降碳减污扩绿增长

降碳、减污、扩绿、增长绘制了今日中国高质量绿色发展的底色,企业降碳减污扩绿增长的协同发展是实现可持续经济增长的重要途径,从而促进生态文明建设,最终推动社会整体可持续发展目标的实现。因此,协同推进企业降碳、减污、扩绿、增长的绿色金融制度设计具有重要研究价值。论文根据2012—2022年中国A股上市公司数据,采用双重差分法评估了绿色金融改革创新试验区试点政策对企业降碳减污扩绿增长的影响。研究发现:绿色金融改革创新试验区的设立显著促进了企业的降碳减污扩绿增长效果。机制分析发现,该试点政策通过提升融资约束实现了金融资源的优化配置。异质性分析表明,绿色金融改革创新试验区试点政策对重污染企业、小规模企业、绿色创新能力强的企业以及位于东部的企业产生的影响更为显著。论文为寻求符合生态经济平衡理论的绿色金融改革提供了经验证据,为企业绿色转型、实现资源的可持续利用与经济社会环境协调发展提供了参考。

自贸区制度与资本结构动态调整

自贸区的设立通过制度创新为企业发展带来了新的机遇与挑战。基于2007—2019年A股上市公司的数据,本文首次研究了自贸区设立对企业资本结构动态调整的作用。研究发现,自由贸易试验区的设立显著提高了企业资本结构的调整速度,并且对非国有企业和负债不足的企业该效应更为显著。此外,机制研究表明,自贸区制度通过两个渠道影响资本结构调整:融资约束渠道和市场竞争渠道。进一步研究发现,自贸区设立降低了企业的债务融资成本,并促进了企业的债务和权益融资活动。本文使用工具变量法、倾向性得分匹配法、安慰剂检验、其他的资本结构测度和估计方法进行了一系列稳健性检验,发现研究结论依然成立。总之,本文从资本结构优化的视角评估了中国自贸区建设的微观效应。

自由贸易试验区的设立缓解了企业融资约束吗?--基于自由贸易试验区设立的准自然实验

自由贸易试验区的设立是中国深化改革、全方位构建对外开放格局的试验田。本文基于2010—2021年中国A股上市公司数据,以自由贸易试验区的设立作为准自然试验,采用双重差分模型检验自由贸易试验区设立对企业融资约束的影响。研究发现:自由贸易试验区设立能显著缓解企业融资约束,该结果在经过平行趋势检验、安慰剂检验与PSM-DID等检验后依然成立。机制检验发现:自由贸易试验区设立影响企业融资约束化有信贷支持、税收优惠与政府补贴三条路径,且自由贸易试验区设立对企业融资约束的缓解作用在融资困难企业、高新技术企业以及制度创新水平高的地区更显著。因此,要利用自由贸易试验区优势缓解企业融资约束,提升自由贸易试验区内金融服务实体经济的能力,发挥制度创新的核心地位。

自贸试验区设立与企业全球价值链嵌入位置--基于上海自贸试验区的准自然实验

自贸试验区是中国推进高水平对外开放的重大原创性实践,其对企业全球价值链分工位置的影响是学界关注的重要议题。本文根据2000-2014年中国工业企业与海关数据,以上海自贸试验区的设立作为准自然实验,考察了自贸试验区设立对企业全球价值链嵌入位置的影响。研究表明,自贸试验区设立整体降低了企业在全球价值链的上游度指数,主要是因为自贸试验区内企业进口高质量中间品替代了国内生产,挤压了向全球价值链上游攀升的空间;自贸试验区内新企业的集聚也降低了其全球价值链嵌入的平均位置,而自贸试验区金融便利化缓解了融资约束,有助于企业全球价值链嵌入位置的攀升。进一步异质性分析表明,自贸试验区政策对企业全球价值链位置的负向效应对高科技行业、资本密集型行业、高外资占比企业及大规模企业更加显著。

国家级金融综合改革试验区设立与企业实质性创新

如何提升金融服务实体经济水平是当前金融供给侧结构性改革的重要议题。以国家级金融综合改革试验区设立作为准自然实验,借助2007—2021年中国上市企业数据,探究了试验区设立对企业创新质量的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,试验区设立有利于企业实质性创新,这一核心结论在多维度的稳健性检验后保持不变;机制检验结果显示,融资约束缓解与行业竞争加剧是试验区设立提高企业创新质量的两条渠道;异质性分析表明,试验区设立对企业实质性创新的正向影响主要集中于非国有、规模较小、外部融资依赖度较高及生产率较高企业,与上述作用渠道在逻辑上保持了一致。进一步研究发现,以金融创新与支持产业升级为导向的试验区对企业实质性创新的促进效应更显著。研究表明,在更大范围内推广和布局以制度创新为核心的金融改革试验区是提高金融服务实体经济水平的有效途径,这为金融供给侧结构性改革方向提供了一定政策启示。

基于收敛-约束法的岩溶隧道支护时机研究

溶洞对于隧道的稳定性有较大的影响,而进行及时的支护施做能够保障岩溶隧道的施工安全。文章以笔花山隧道为例,采用数值模拟方法建立岩溶隧道分析模型,将溶洞的相对位置和大小作为主要影响因素,包括溶洞与隧道之间的净距和环向位置、溶洞直径,并分析其对硐室围岩位移的影响。通过硐室位移和单元状态指标Z SI,结合收敛-约束方法,综合判断岩溶隧道支护的施做时机。结果表明,相较于净距和溶洞直径,溶洞环向位置对隧道稳定性影响更大。由于溶洞的影响,硐室不同位置处的位移发展规律并不相同,因此较难以某一种位移特征来判断隧道是否进入弹塑性状态。而Z SI可以更直观地展现出岩溶隧道的状态,从而为合理地确定岩溶隧道支护施做时机提供帮助。

功能区何以实现治理层次的跃迁——基于“驱动—约束”框架的解释

功能区已从城市规划概念上升至服务国家部署的层面,实现了治理层次向上跃迁。作为常见治理工具的功能区何以保持长期活力、实现多元化发展,并逐渐具备战略意义?基于“驱动—约束”框架,从整体层面审视功能区发展轨迹可知:功能区的演变由自上而下的目标引领和自下而上的需求反馈双轨驱动,经价值定位、权力配置、空间属性三重约束形塑,对应产生变动空间边界、调整权力结构和优化管理模式等发展路径。作为纵向政府谈判而生的“中间板块”,功能区的战略型演变是权力部门进一步优化赋权增能方式的体现。从各自为政到战略性协同,功能区要在全国一盘棋式统筹中兼顾治理灵活性,达成空间功能适配国家布局的发展主旨。

郑洛新国家自主创新示范区军民协同创新促进机制构建进路

构建军民协同创新促进机制是郑洛新国家自主创新示范区实现跨越式发展的必然要求。运用资料搜集、专家访谈、问卷调查、实践跟踪等研究方法,阐述了郑洛新国家自主创新示范区军民协同创新促进机制的内容、组成及其运作机理,解析了构建军民协同创新促进机制的实践、难点及可行的路径。结果表明:郑洛新国家自主创新示范区军民协同创新促进机制由激励约束、组织工作、利益协调、风险防范等子机制组成,其功能各异。郑洛新国家自主创新示范区在构建军民协同创新促进机制中既存在激励、协调与组织不到位问题,又存在科教资源短板问题。河南省政府应采用标本兼治的构建策略,从强化军民协同创新的激励、组织协调和补短板等措施入手,以构建军民协同创新促进机制。

绿色金融改革创新促进企业绿色全要素生产率增长了吗?--来自工业上市公司的绿色转型证据

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