目的:探究大学生自我效能感与其外显和内隐利他行为的关系。方法:运用问卷法测量大学生自我效能感和外显利他行为,Go/no-go联想测验测量内隐利他行为。结果:1) 大学生内隐利他男女之间没有显著差异,是否独生也无显著差异;2) 内隐利他和...目的:探究大学生自我效能感与其外显和内隐利他行为的关系。方法:运用问卷法测量大学生自我效能感和外显利他行为,Go/no-go联想测验测量内隐利他行为。结果:1) 大学生内隐利他男女之间没有显著差异,是否独生也无显著差异;2) 内隐利他和外显利他相分离;3) 自我效能感与内隐利他相关显著;4) 自我效能感与外显利他相关不显著,与其中的尊重和关爱他人因子成显著正相关。结论:Go/no-go联想测验是测量内隐利他的有效方法。Objective: This paper aims to investigate the relationship between college students’ self-efficacy and their explicit and implicit altruistic behaviors. Methods: A questionnaire was used to measure college students’ self-efficacy and explicit altruistic behaviors, and the Go/no-go association test was used to measure implicit altruistic behaviors. Results: 1) There was no significant difference in implicit altruism between male and female college students, nor was there a significant difference in whether they were only children or not;2) implicit altruism and externally expressed altruism were separated;3) self-efficacy was significantly correlated with implicit altruism;4) self-efficacy was insignificantly correlated with externally expressed altruism, but was significantly and positively correlated with the factor of respecting and caring for others. Conclusion: The Go/no-go association test is a valid measure of implicit altruism.展开更多
研究探讨内隐联想测验(Implicit Association Test,IAT)和Go/No-go联想任务测验(Go/No-go AssociationTask,GNAT)测量大学生感恩的可行性,并分析内隐感恩与外显感恩的关系。预备性研究从现代汉语字典中挑选自我词/他人词各16个,从汉语...研究探讨内隐联想测验(Implicit Association Test,IAT)和Go/No-go联想任务测验(Go/No-go AssociationTask,GNAT)测量大学生感恩的可行性,并分析内隐感恩与外显感恩的关系。预备性研究从现代汉语字典中挑选自我词/他人词各16个,从汉语成语大辞典中挑选出与感恩相关的积极词/消极词各20个,根据65位大学生的评定结果筛选出自我词/他人词各8个,积极词/消极词各8个,用于正式研究。正式研究采用IAT、GNAT感恩测量程序和青少年感恩量表(Adolescent Gratitude Scale,AGS),对155名大学生同时进行IAT、GNAT及外显感恩的测量。结果发现:(1)大学生普遍具有积极的内隐感恩,内隐感恩不存在性别、生源地和独生与否等人口统计学指标上的显著差异;(2)大学生的内隐感恩与外显感恩相关不显著,是两个不同的建构;(3)采用IAT和GNAT研究感恩是可行的。展开更多
We prove that the following three properties cannot match each other on a lattice, that differentials of coordinate functions are algebraically dependent on their involutive conjugates, that the involution on a lattic...We prove that the following three properties cannot match each other on a lattice, that differentials of coordinate functions are algebraically dependent on their involutive conjugates, that the involution on a lattice is an antihomomorphism, and that differential calculus has a natural continuum limit.展开更多
Atmospheric CO2 can signal the presence of food, predators or environmental stress and trigger stereotypical behaviors in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Recent studies have shown that the necklace olfactory syste...Atmospheric CO2 can signal the presence of food, predators or environmental stress and trigger stereotypical behaviors in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Recent studies have shown that the necklace olfactory system in mice sensitively detects CO2 in the air. Olfactory CO2 neurons are believed to rely on cyclic gnanosine monophosphate （cGMP） as the key second messenger; however, the specific ion channel underlying CO2 responses remains unclear. Here we show that CO2-evoked neuronal and behavioral responses require cyclic nucleotide-gated （CNG） channels consisting of the CNGA3 subunit. Through Ca2＋-imaging, we found that CO2-triggered Ca2＋ influx was abolished in necklace olfactory sensory neurons （OSNs） of CNGA3-knockout mice. Olfactory detection tests using a Go/No-go paradigm showed that these knockout mice failed to detect 0.5% CO2. Thus, sensitive detection of atmospheric CO2 depends on the function of CNG channels consisting of the CNGA3 subunit in necklace OSNs. These data support the important role of the necklace olfactory system in CO2 sensing and extend our understanding of the signal transduction pathway mediating CO2 detection in mammals [Current Zoology 56 （6）： 793-799, 2010].展开更多
文摘目的:探究大学生自我效能感与其外显和内隐利他行为的关系。方法:运用问卷法测量大学生自我效能感和外显利他行为,Go/no-go联想测验测量内隐利他行为。结果:1) 大学生内隐利他男女之间没有显著差异,是否独生也无显著差异;2) 内隐利他和外显利他相分离;3) 自我效能感与内隐利他相关显著;4) 自我效能感与外显利他相关不显著,与其中的尊重和关爱他人因子成显著正相关。结论:Go/no-go联想测验是测量内隐利他的有效方法。Objective: This paper aims to investigate the relationship between college students’ self-efficacy and their explicit and implicit altruistic behaviors. Methods: A questionnaire was used to measure college students’ self-efficacy and explicit altruistic behaviors, and the Go/no-go association test was used to measure implicit altruistic behaviors. Results: 1) There was no significant difference in implicit altruism between male and female college students, nor was there a significant difference in whether they were only children or not;2) implicit altruism and externally expressed altruism were separated;3) self-efficacy was significantly correlated with implicit altruism;4) self-efficacy was insignificantly correlated with externally expressed altruism, but was significantly and positively correlated with the factor of respecting and caring for others. Conclusion: The Go/no-go association test is a valid measure of implicit altruism.
文摘We prove that the following three properties cannot match each other on a lattice, that differentials of coordinate functions are algebraically dependent on their involutive conjugates, that the involution on a lattice is an antihomomorphism, and that differential calculus has a natural continuum limit.
基金supported by the China Ministry of Science and Technology 973 (2010CB833902)863 grants (2008AA022902)
文摘Atmospheric CO2 can signal the presence of food, predators or environmental stress and trigger stereotypical behaviors in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Recent studies have shown that the necklace olfactory system in mice sensitively detects CO2 in the air. Olfactory CO2 neurons are believed to rely on cyclic gnanosine monophosphate （cGMP） as the key second messenger; however, the specific ion channel underlying CO2 responses remains unclear. Here we show that CO2-evoked neuronal and behavioral responses require cyclic nucleotide-gated （CNG） channels consisting of the CNGA3 subunit. Through Ca2＋-imaging, we found that CO2-triggered Ca2＋ influx was abolished in necklace olfactory sensory neurons （OSNs） of CNGA3-knockout mice. Olfactory detection tests using a Go/No-go paradigm showed that these knockout mice failed to detect 0.5% CO2. Thus, sensitive detection of atmospheric CO2 depends on the function of CNG channels consisting of the CNGA3 subunit in necklace OSNs. These data support the important role of the necklace olfactory system in CO2 sensing and extend our understanding of the signal transduction pathway mediating CO2 detection in mammals [Current Zoology 56 （6）： 793-799, 2010].
