Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Fe-doped TiO_2 Supported on Hollow Glass Microbeads

In this paper, Fe-doped TiO_2 photocatalyst supported on hollow glass microbeads(Fe-TiO_2 /beads)is prepared by dip-coating method, which uses hollow glass microbeads as the carriers and tetrabutylorthotitanate [Ti(OC_4H_9)_4] as the raw material. The phase structure, ingredient, morphologies, particle size and shell thickness of the products are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM). The feasibility of photocatylic degradation of Rhodamine B(Rh B) under illumination of UV-vis light is studied. The results show that the core-shell structure catalyst is composed of Fe-doped anatase TiO_2 and hollow glass microbeads, and the catalytic activity of the TiO_2 is markedly enhanced by Fe ion doping. The optimum concentration of Fe ion is 0.1%(molecular fraction) in the precursor and the photocatalytic activity can be increased to 98% compared with that of the undoped one. The presence of ferrum elements neither influences the transformation of anatase to rutile, nor creates new crystal phases. The possible mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation is also discussed.

Surface Modification of Hollow Glass Microspheres

Hollow Glass Microspheres are high-strength, low-density additives made from water resistant and chemically-stable soda-lime-borosilicate glass. These hollow glass microspheres offer a variety of advantages over conventional irregularly-shaped mineral fillers or glass fiber. Their spherical shape helps reduce resin content in a variety of applications. They also create a ball bearing effect that can result in higher filler loading and improved flow. In this research, amine terminated hollow glass microspheres were prepared by adopting three different routes. The results were investigated using FT-IR and SEM to establish the formation of amine groups and observe the morphological structure of the modified HGMs. The results obtained were used to select a suitable less toxic and environmental friendly modification method based on the chemicals used.

Research on properties of hollow glass microspheres/epoxy resin composites applied in deep rock in-situ temperature-preserved coring

Deep petroleum resources are in a high-temperature environment.However,the traditional deep rock coring method has no temperature preserved measures and ignores the effect of temperature on rock porosity and permeability,which will lead to the distortion of the petroleum resources reserves assessment.Therefore,the hollow glass microspheres/epoxy resin(HGM/EP)composites were innovatively proposed as temperature preserved materials for in-situ temperature-preserved coring(ITP-Coring),and the physical,mechanical,and temperature preserved properties were evaluated.The results indicated that:As the HGM content increased,the density and mechanical properties of the composites gradually decreased,while the water absorption was deficient without hydrostatic pressure.For composites with 50 vol%HGM,when the hydrostatic pressure reached 60 MPa,the water absorption was above 30.19%,and the physical and mechanical properties of composites were weakened.When the hydrostatic pressure was lower than 40 MPa,the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of composites were almost unchanged.Therefore,the composites with 50 vol%HGM can be used for ITPCoring operations in deep environments with the highest hydrostatic pressure of 40 MPa.Finally,to further understand the temperature preserved performance of composites in practical applications,the temperature preserved properties were measured.An unsteady-state heat transfer model was established based on the test results,then the theoretical change of the core temperature during the coring process was obtained.The above tests results can provide a research basis for deep rock in-situ temperature preserved corer and support accurate assessment of deep petroleum reserves.

Effect of Ultrasonication on the Properties of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes/Hollow Glass Microspheres/Epoxy Syntactic Foam

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs） reinforced hollow glass microspheres（HGMs）/epoxy syntactic foam was fabricated. The effects of ultrasonication on the density, compression strength, and water absorption properties were studied. Better dispersed MWCNTs can be obtained after ultrasonication treatment, but an increasing viscosity will lead to a larger amount of voids during syntactic foam preparation especially when the content of HGMs is more than 70 vol%. The existing voids will decrease the density of epoxy syntactic foam. However, the ultrasonication does not change the compression strength much. Ultrasonication treatment will decrease the water absorption content due to the better dispersion and hydrophobic properties of MWCNTs. But a significant increase of water absorption content occurs when HGMs is more than 70 vol%, which is attributed to the higher viscosity and larger amount of voids.

INFLUENCE OF Sb_2O_3 AND PbO CONTENT ON GLASS PROPERTIES OF SiO_2-BASED FOR HOLLOW WAVEGUIDES

The reflective spectra of two glass systems of Na2O-ZnO-GeO2-SiO2-PbO(Sb2O3) were measured to study the effects of PbO and Sb2O3 on properties in SiO2-based glasses. The infrared reflective coefficients and anomalous dispersion regions change with the content of PbO and Sb2O3 respectively, furthermore the refractive indices (nr) of glasses are 0. 81 and 0. 84 at the wavelength of CO2 laser (940cm-1). The glasses of two systems can be used as the cladding materials of hollow waveguides for transmitting CO2 laser.

STUDY ON Na_2O-GeO_2-SiO_2-PbO GLASSES USED AS THE CLADDING MATERIALS OF HOLLOW WAVEGUIDES FOR TRANSMITTING CO_2 LASER

In this paper a new kind of mid - infrared fiber material is reported. The reflective coefficients (R) of glasses in the system Na2O - ZnO - GeO2-SiO2-PbO have been measured-the refractive index becomes less than unity at 1180 - 900cm-1 range because of the existence of anomalous dispersion. The optical losses of hollow waveguides were calculated,the predicted losses at 940cm-1are 0. 65 and 0. 081B/ m as the inner diameter of fiber is 0. 5 and 1. 0mm respectively. The glasses can be used as the cladding materials of hol-low waveguides for transmitting CO2 laser from the measurements of characteristic temperatures, coefficient of expansion and chemical durability.

IR Spectra Analysis of SiO_2-TiO_2-GeO_2 Gel Glass of CO_2 Laser Transmitting Hollow Waveguide

Both titanium and germanium were introduced into silicon dioxide system by sol-gel method to move its region of anomalous dispersion caused by IR resonance absorption towards the wavelength of CO 2 laser.It is indicated by IR absorption spectra that as the content of SiO 2 decreases in this glass system TiO 2 and GeO 2 tends to exist in their own phases.As for the gel glass with a composition of 40SiO 2·30TiO 2·30GeO 2,when the temperature is below 600℃,germanium atoms exist mainly in Ge-O-Ge bonds.With the temperature increasing from 800℃ to 1000℃, titanium atoms in Si-O-Ti bonds almost transform into Ti-O-Ti bonds.Furthermore,a large number of Si-O-Ti and Si-O-Ge bonds formed when the temperature approaches 800℃,which makes a notable IR absorption band round the wavelength of CO 2 laser.Therefore, sol-gel based SiO 2-TiO 2-GeO 2 gel glass is a candidate material for CO 2 laser hollow waveguide.

The Effective Surface Metallization of Hollow Glass Microspheres for Flexible Electromagnetic Shielding Film

The surface of hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) was roughened by a HCl+NH_(4)F strategy,which achieved a broken ratio as 16.10%,and then metallized by electroless plating by Co nanoparticles up to 90 wt% (abbreviated as Co-HGMs).The average grain size of Co was measured to range from 0.4 to 0.5 μm.Then Co-HGMs were mixed with liquid silicone rubber and xylene,and cured on a perspex plate applicable for flexible electromagnetic shielding.By attentive parameter optimization,a film about 0.836 mm in thickness was obtained with a density of 0.729 g/cm^(3),showing a shielding effectiveness of 15.2 dB in the X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz) at room temperature,which was ascribed to the formation of a conductive network of Co-HGMs inside the film.Simultaneously,the tensile strength of 0.89 MPa at an elongation ratio of 194.5% was also obtained,showing good mechanical properties and tensile strength.

Preparation and Properties of TiO2-Coated Hollow Glass Microspheres as Thermal Insulation Materials for Energy-Saving Buildings

A hollow glass microsphere(HGM)/TiO2 composite hollow sphere was successfully prepared via a simple precipitation method.The TiO2 coating layers grew on the surface of the HGMs that range from 20 to 50μm in diameter as nanoparticles with the formation of the SiO Ti bonds.The growth mechanism accounting for the formation of the TiO2 nanolayers was proposed.The morphology,composition,thermal insulation properties,and visible-near infrared(VIS-NIR)refl ectance of the HGMs/TiO2 composite hollow spheres were characterized.The VIS-NIR reflectance of the HGMs/TiO2 composite hollow spheres increased by more than 30%compared to raw HGMs.The thermal conductivity of the particles is 0.058 W/(m K).The result indicates that the VIS-NIR reflectance of the composite hollow spheres is strongly influenced by the coating of TiO2.The composite hollow spheres were used as the main functional filler to prepare the organic-inorganic composite coatings.The glass substrates coated by the organic-inorganic coatings had lower thermal conductivity and higher near infrared reflectivity.Therefore,the HGMs/TiO2 composite hollow spheres can reflect most of the solar energy and effectively keep out the heat as a thermal insulation coating for energy-saving constructions.

沥青路面热反射封层材料降温性能与机理研究

热反射型沥青路面封层可有效降低沥青路面温度,从而避免车辙病害。采用中空陶瓷微珠(HCB)和中空玻璃微珠(HGB)两种热反射材料,分别与雾封层和稀浆封层两种预防性养护技术结合,制备沥青路面热反射封层材料。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)与X射线衍射(XRD)对两种热反射材料的微观形貌与化学组成进行表征;通过室内降温试验对不同封层形式与不同热反射材料的降温效果进行研究,利用室外降温试验对热反射稀浆封层的降温效果进行研究,并探讨了HCB与HGB在封层中的热反射机理。研究结果表明:SEM与XRD试验显示HCB与HGB微观结构与化学组成使其有利于降低路面温度;室内降温试验表明,含8%HGB的热反射稀浆封层温度可降低2.6℃,含100%HGB热反射雾封层温度可降低1℃,热反射稀浆封层降温效果优于热反射雾封层,并且在相同掺量下,添加HGB的降温效果优于添加HCB;室外降温试验结果表明,相比未掺加热反射材料的稀浆封层,含8%HGB的热反射稀浆封层的降温效果可达5.2℃;相比未加铺热反射稀浆封,含8%HGB的热反射稀浆封层的降温效果达到3.3℃,热反射稀浆封在具备养护功能的同时也可以达到降温效果。研究结果可为公路关键路段的日常预防性养护提供一种可行的车辙病害解决方案。

HGM@GO聚氨酯复合材料的制备和导热性能研究

首先通过氧化石墨烯(GO)包覆对空心玻璃微珠(HGM)进行表面改性,再经过物理混合制备改性空心玻璃微珠/聚氨酯复合材料,使用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪对经过氧化石墨烯包覆改性的空心玻璃微珠进行形貌和结构分析,对改性空心玻璃微珠/聚氨酯复合材料进行力学性能、导热性能、热膨胀性能等测试。结果表明:使用氧化石墨烯包覆空心玻璃微球对复合材料的硬度、拉伸强度、压缩强度和弯曲强度均有一定提升。在空心玻璃微球添加量高于5%后,复合材料的导热性能开始优于纯聚氨酯材料,表明空心玻璃微珠表面的石墨烯层使材料内部形成了高导热通道,整体提高了复合材料的导热系数,使复合材料密度降低的同时具备更加优良的导热性能。对复合材料的热稳定性进行测试分析发现,在添加了空心玻璃微珠填料之后,复合材料的热膨胀系数随温度增加的趋势得到了很好的抑制,在180℃下仍能保持较好的尺寸稳定性。

超深缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层超低密度钻井液技术

塔里木油田压力系数低于1.0的超深井碳酸盐岩低压储层常发生钻井液失返性井漏,其平均井深超过6000 m,井控风险极大,除了强钻再无更好手段,往往只能提前完井。为提升超深井水平段延伸能力,研究人员研发了高强度空心玻璃微珠,可配制密度为0.93~1.07 g/cm^(3)的超低密度水基钻井液。详述了中古262-H4C井井漏失返后利用低密度水基钻井液重建井筒循环、恢复常规定向钻进的施工过程。现场钻井液密度最低降至0.98 g/cm^(3),井漏失返后多钻373 m,实现了一井钻穿两个缝洞体的地质目的,保障了该井井漏失返后钻至设计井深,开创了空心玻璃微珠超低密度钻井液在国内垂深超6000 m的超深井应用先例,为我国类似老区低压地层应用提供了技术参考。

中空玻璃微球基吸附剂处理工业废水研究进展

工业废水产量大、有害物质种类繁杂、毒性大,其过量进入食物链会导致严重的健康损害。吸附技术被认为一种绿色、可持续的水处理技术在工业废水处理领域具有独特的优势。中空玻璃微球(HGM)质量轻,具有良好的漂浮性能,可作为优质的吸附剂载体。对其进行改性或与其它材料复合制备新型漂浮式吸附剂解决了自身吸附性能差的缺点。同时,重点介绍了HGM基吸附剂的制备方法和吸附性能,总结了HGM基吸附剂处理各类工业废水的难点与特性。在HGM改性材料的基础上,梳理了其在单一体系和复杂体系中的吸附特性以及吸附过程中的主要影响因素:反应温度、溶液pH、共存离子等。最后,对HGM基吸附剂的吸附机理进行了总结,并对中空玻璃微球基吸附剂的应用和发展趋势进行了展望。

有机硅/改性空心玻璃微珠复合材料的制备与性能研究

以缩合型有机硅为有机树脂基体,以改性空心玻璃微珠为无机填料,基于物理复合法制备出不同空心玻璃微珠含量的有机硅/改性空心玻璃微珠复合隔热材料。系统性研究其隔热机理、隔热性能、力学性能和热稳定性能,实现对复合隔热材料孔隙率和隔热性能的精准调控。研究结果表明,所制得的复合隔热材料的压缩强度最大值达到13.28 MPa,是纯有机硅材料的1.49倍,热导率最低为0.113 W/(m·K),比纯有机硅材料减小了37.91%。

空心玻璃微珠在涂料中的应用与研究进展

简述了空心玻璃微珠的表面改性方法以及在涂料中的应用情况,分类总结了其在隔热涂料、防火涂料、吸波涂料和防腐涂料中的最新研究进展,并对未来空心玻璃微珠在涂料中的应用方向拓展进行了展望。

低吸水率水性隔热保温涂料的制备及性能

[目的]随着水性隔热保温涂料在工业涂装领域的广泛应用,其吸水率较高引发的涂层隔热性能下降问题亟需解决。[方法]以苯丙乳液作为主要成膜物,以偶联剂表面改性的中空玻璃微珠作为隔热填料,以涂层的导热系数和吸水率作为主要性能指标,制备了一种低吸水率的水性隔热保温涂料。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对不同偶联剂处理的中空玻璃微珠进行了表征,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)考察了涂层的微观结构和形貌,测试了浸水前后涂层的导热系数、力学性能和粘结强度。[结果]铝酸酯偶联剂的改性效果比硅烷偶联剂好。当铝酸酯偶联剂改性中空玻璃微珠添加量为25%(质量分数)时,涂层的综合性能最优,24 h吸水率为9.32%,浸水168 h后的导热系数为0.1228 W/(m·K),拉伸强度为2.45 MPa,断裂伸长率为28.37%,拉拔法粘结强度为2.32 MPa。[结论]采用合适的偶联剂对中空玻璃微珠进行表面改性可有效改善隔热保温涂料体系中有机-无机界面的相容性,从而降低其吸水率,增强其力学性能。

Research on thermal insulation materials properties under HTHP conditions for deep oil and gas reservoir rock ITP-Coring

Deep oil and gas reservoirs are under high-temperature conditions,but traditional coring methods do not consider temperature-preserved measures and ignore the influence of temperature on rock porosity and permeability,resulting in distorted resource assessments.The development of in situ temperaturepreserved coring(ITP-Coring)technology for deep reservoir rock is urgent,and thermal insulation materials are key.Therefore,hollow glass microsphere/epoxy resin thermal insulation materials(HGM/EP materials)were proposed as thermal insulation materials.The materials properties under coupled hightemperature and high-pressure(HTHP)conditions were tested.The results indicated that high pressures led to HGM destruction and that the materials water absorption significantly increased;additionally,increasing temperature accelerated the process.High temperatures directly caused the thermal conductivity of the materials to increase;additionally,the thermal conduction and convection of water caused by high pressures led to an exponential increase in the thermal conductivity.High temperatures weakened the matrix,and high pressures destroyed the HGM,which resulted in a decrease in the tensile mechanical properties of the materials.The materials entered the high elastic state at 150℃,and the mechanical properties were weakened more obviously,while the pressure led to a significant effect when the water absorption was above 10%.Meanwhile,the tensile strength/strain were 13.62 MPa/1.3%and 6.09 MPa/0.86%at 100℃ and 100 MPa,respectively,which meet the application requirements of the self-designed coring device.Finally,K46-f40 and K46-f50 HGM/EP materials were proven to be suitable for ITP-Coring under coupled conditions below 100℃ and 100 MPa.To further improve the materials properties,the interface layer and EP matrix should be optimized.The results can provide references for the optimization and engineering application of materials and thus technical support for deep oil and gas resource development.

低密度高导热CF/EP复合材料的制备及性能

将碳纳米管(CNT)和空心玻璃微珠(HGS)添加到环氧树脂(EP)中,利用模压工艺制备碳纤维(CF)/EP复合材料。结果表明:同时添加CNT和HGS可以有效降低CF/EP复合材料的密度,改善复合材料的力学性能,提高复合材料的导热性能,且当CNT和HGS质量比为1∶4时,复合材料综合性能最优,与不添加CNT和HGS的CF/EP复合材料相比,该复合材料的密度下降了8.8%,弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别提高了22.0%和30.1%,拉伸强度提高了8.9%,导热系数提高了87.1%。

幕墙中空玻璃内外片风荷载分配比例研究

中空玻璃在我国建筑幕墙中广泛使用,但关于中空玻璃内外片风荷载分配比例的研究不充分,规范相应规定有待进一步完善。首先归纳总结了中空玻璃分荷比例的影响要素,对比分析了中、欧相关规范的优劣异同。基于内外面板挠度位移场与理想气体方程所得的中空层气体体积变化量相同的原理,建立了适用于框支式和点支式的高精度中空玻璃承载力计算模型,并进行了中空玻璃内、外面板分荷比例的参数化分析,计算结果与欧盟规范结果吻合良好。最后,针对主流面板厚度的框支式中空玻璃,考虑中空层厚度、面板大小、长宽比等影响因素,通过最小二乘法曲面拟合得到了适用于不同情况的中空层系数计算公式。

组成幕墙门窗中空玻璃的单片玻璃构造平行度对中空玻璃色差的影响

中空玻璃作为一种常用的幕墙门窗工程材料,以其通透、亮丽和节能的特点受到建筑设计师和用户的喜爱。中空玻璃在幕墙门窗工程中的应用极其广泛,随处可见。但是中空玻璃在实际使用中常常出现色差影响视觉感受的问题,严重影响幕墙门窗外立面的美观效果和建筑物的整体形象。中空玻璃产生色差的原因比较多,例如安装质量、观察者角度、玻璃原片色差、膜材料及镀膜工艺水平、玻璃构造平行度、玻璃弯曲度等等。而本文主要研究组成幕墙门窗中空玻璃的单片玻璃平行度对中空玻璃色差的影响。