Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Fe-doped TiO_2 Supported on Hollow Glass Microbeads

In this paper, Fe-doped TiO_2 photocatalyst supported on hollow glass microbeads(Fe-TiO_2 /beads)is prepared by dip-coating method, which uses hollow glass microbeads as the carriers and tetrabutylorthotitanate [Ti(OC_4H_9)_4] as the raw material. The phase structure, ingredient, morphologies, particle size and shell thickness of the products are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM). The feasibility of photocatylic degradation of Rhodamine B(Rh B) under illumination of UV-vis light is studied. The results show that the core-shell structure catalyst is composed of Fe-doped anatase TiO_2 and hollow glass microbeads, and the catalytic activity of the TiO_2 is markedly enhanced by Fe ion doping. The optimum concentration of Fe ion is 0.1%(molecular fraction) in the precursor and the photocatalytic activity can be increased to 98% compared with that of the undoped one. The presence of ferrum elements neither influences the transformation of anatase to rutile, nor creates new crystal phases. The possible mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation is also discussed.

Surface Modification of Hollow Glass Microspheres

Hollow Glass Microspheres are high-strength, low-density additives made from water resistant and chemically-stable soda-lime-borosilicate glass. These hollow glass microspheres offer a variety of advantages over conventional irregularly-shaped mineral fillers or glass fiber. Their spherical shape helps reduce resin content in a variety of applications. They also create a ball bearing effect that can result in higher filler loading and improved flow. In this research, amine terminated hollow glass microspheres were prepared by adopting three different routes. The results were investigated using FT-IR and SEM to establish the formation of amine groups and observe the morphological structure of the modified HGMs. The results obtained were used to select a suitable less toxic and environmental friendly modification method based on the chemicals used.

Research on properties of hollow glass microspheres/epoxy resin composites applied in deep rock in-situ temperature-preserved coring

Deep petroleum resources are in a high-temperature environment.However,the traditional deep rock coring method has no temperature preserved measures and ignores the effect of temperature on rock porosity and permeability,which will lead to the distortion of the petroleum resources reserves assessment.Therefore,the hollow glass microspheres/epoxy resin(HGM/EP)composites were innovatively proposed as temperature preserved materials for in-situ temperature-preserved coring(ITP-Coring),and the physical,mechanical,and temperature preserved properties were evaluated.The results indicated that:As the HGM content increased,the density and mechanical properties of the composites gradually decreased,while the water absorption was deficient without hydrostatic pressure.For composites with 50 vol%HGM,when the hydrostatic pressure reached 60 MPa,the water absorption was above 30.19%,and the physical and mechanical properties of composites were weakened.When the hydrostatic pressure was lower than 40 MPa,the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of composites were almost unchanged.Therefore,the composites with 50 vol%HGM can be used for ITPCoring operations in deep environments with the highest hydrostatic pressure of 40 MPa.Finally,to further understand the temperature preserved performance of composites in practical applications,the temperature preserved properties were measured.An unsteady-state heat transfer model was established based on the test results,then the theoretical change of the core temperature during the coring process was obtained.The above tests results can provide a research basis for deep rock in-situ temperature preserved corer and support accurate assessment of deep petroleum reserves.

Effect of Ultrasonication on the Properties of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes/Hollow Glass Microspheres/Epoxy Syntactic Foam

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs） reinforced hollow glass microspheres（HGMs）/epoxy syntactic foam was fabricated. The effects of ultrasonication on the density, compression strength, and water absorption properties were studied. Better dispersed MWCNTs can be obtained after ultrasonication treatment, but an increasing viscosity will lead to a larger amount of voids during syntactic foam preparation especially when the content of HGMs is more than 70 vol%. The existing voids will decrease the density of epoxy syntactic foam. However, the ultrasonication does not change the compression strength much. Ultrasonication treatment will decrease the water absorption content due to the better dispersion and hydrophobic properties of MWCNTs. But a significant increase of water absorption content occurs when HGMs is more than 70 vol%, which is attributed to the higher viscosity and larger amount of voids.

INFLUENCE OF Sb_2O_3 AND PbO CONTENT ON GLASS PROPERTIES OF SiO_2-BASED FOR HOLLOW WAVEGUIDES

The reflective spectra of two glass systems of Na2O-ZnO-GeO2-SiO2-PbO(Sb2O3) were measured to study the effects of PbO and Sb2O3 on properties in SiO2-based glasses. The infrared reflective coefficients and anomalous dispersion regions change with the content of PbO and Sb2O3 respectively, furthermore the refractive indices (nr) of glasses are 0. 81 and 0. 84 at the wavelength of CO2 laser (940cm-1). The glasses of two systems can be used as the cladding materials of hollow waveguides for transmitting CO2 laser.

STUDY ON Na_2O-GeO_2-SiO_2-PbO GLASSES USED AS THE CLADDING MATERIALS OF HOLLOW WAVEGUIDES FOR TRANSMITTING CO_2 LASER

In this paper a new kind of mid - infrared fiber material is reported. The reflective coefficients (R) of glasses in the system Na2O - ZnO - GeO2-SiO2-PbO have been measured-the refractive index becomes less than unity at 1180 - 900cm-1 range because of the existence of anomalous dispersion. The optical losses of hollow waveguides were calculated,the predicted losses at 940cm-1are 0. 65 and 0. 081B/ m as the inner diameter of fiber is 0. 5 and 1. 0mm respectively. The glasses can be used as the cladding materials of hol-low waveguides for transmitting CO2 laser from the measurements of characteristic temperatures, coefficient of expansion and chemical durability.

IR Spectra Analysis of SiO_2-TiO_2-GeO_2 Gel Glass of CO_2 Laser Transmitting Hollow Waveguide

Both titanium and germanium were introduced into silicon dioxide system by sol-gel method to move its region of anomalous dispersion caused by IR resonance absorption towards the wavelength of CO 2 laser.It is indicated by IR absorption spectra that as the content of SiO 2 decreases in this glass system TiO 2 and GeO 2 tends to exist in their own phases.As for the gel glass with a composition of 40SiO 2·30TiO 2·30GeO 2,when the temperature is below 600℃,germanium atoms exist mainly in Ge-O-Ge bonds.With the temperature increasing from 800℃ to 1000℃, titanium atoms in Si-O-Ti bonds almost transform into Ti-O-Ti bonds.Furthermore,a large number of Si-O-Ti and Si-O-Ge bonds formed when the temperature approaches 800℃,which makes a notable IR absorption band round the wavelength of CO 2 laser.Therefore, sol-gel based SiO 2-TiO 2-GeO 2 gel glass is a candidate material for CO 2 laser hollow waveguide.

The Effective Surface Metallization of Hollow Glass Microspheres for Flexible Electromagnetic Shielding Film

The surface of hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) was roughened by a HCl+NH_(4)F strategy,which achieved a broken ratio as 16.10%,and then metallized by electroless plating by Co nanoparticles up to 90 wt% (abbreviated as Co-HGMs).The average grain size of Co was measured to range from 0.4 to 0.5 μm.Then Co-HGMs were mixed with liquid silicone rubber and xylene,and cured on a perspex plate applicable for flexible electromagnetic shielding.By attentive parameter optimization,a film about 0.836 mm in thickness was obtained with a density of 0.729 g/cm^(3),showing a shielding effectiveness of 15.2 dB in the X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz) at room temperature,which was ascribed to the formation of a conductive network of Co-HGMs inside the film.Simultaneously,the tensile strength of 0.89 MPa at an elongation ratio of 194.5% was also obtained,showing good mechanical properties and tensile strength.

Preparation and Properties of TiO2-Coated Hollow Glass Microspheres as Thermal Insulation Materials for Energy-Saving Buildings

A hollow glass microsphere(HGM)/TiO2 composite hollow sphere was successfully prepared via a simple precipitation method.The TiO2 coating layers grew on the surface of the HGMs that range from 20 to 50μm in diameter as nanoparticles with the formation of the SiO Ti bonds.The growth mechanism accounting for the formation of the TiO2 nanolayers was proposed.The morphology,composition,thermal insulation properties,and visible-near infrared(VIS-NIR)refl ectance of the HGMs/TiO2 composite hollow spheres were characterized.The VIS-NIR reflectance of the HGMs/TiO2 composite hollow spheres increased by more than 30%compared to raw HGMs.The thermal conductivity of the particles is 0.058 W/(m K).The result indicates that the VIS-NIR reflectance of the composite hollow spheres is strongly influenced by the coating of TiO2.The composite hollow spheres were used as the main functional filler to prepare the organic-inorganic composite coatings.The glass substrates coated by the organic-inorganic coatings had lower thermal conductivity and higher near infrared reflectivity.Therefore,the HGMs/TiO2 composite hollow spheres can reflect most of the solar energy and effectively keep out the heat as a thermal insulation coating for energy-saving constructions.

中空玻璃微球基吸附剂处理工业废水研究进展

工业废水产量大、有害物质种类繁杂、毒性大,其过量进入食物链会导致严重的健康损害。吸附技术被认为一种绿色、可持续的水处理技术在工业废水处理领域具有独特的优势。中空玻璃微球(HGM)质量轻,具有良好的漂浮性能,可作为优质的吸附剂载体。对其进行改性或与其它材料复合制备新型漂浮式吸附剂解决了自身吸附性能差的缺点。同时,重点介绍了HGM基吸附剂的制备方法和吸附性能,总结了HGM基吸附剂处理各类工业废水的难点与特性。在HGM改性材料的基础上,梳理了其在单一体系和复杂体系中的吸附特性以及吸附过程中的主要影响因素:反应温度、溶液pH、共存离子等。最后,对HGM基吸附剂的吸附机理进行了总结,并对中空玻璃微球基吸附剂的应用和发展趋势进行了展望。

有机硅/改性空心玻璃微珠复合材料的制备与性能研究

以缩合型有机硅为有机树脂基体,以改性空心玻璃微珠为无机填料,基于物理复合法制备出不同空心玻璃微珠含量的有机硅/改性空心玻璃微珠复合隔热材料。系统性研究其隔热机理、隔热性能、力学性能和热稳定性能,实现对复合隔热材料孔隙率和隔热性能的精准调控。研究结果表明,所制得的复合隔热材料的压缩强度最大值达到13.28 MPa,是纯有机硅材料的1.49倍,热导率最低为0.113 W/(m·K),比纯有机硅材料减小了37.91%。

低吸水率水性隔热保温涂料的制备及性能

[目的]随着水性隔热保温涂料在工业涂装领域的广泛应用,其吸水率较高引发的涂层隔热性能下降问题亟需解决。[方法]以苯丙乳液作为主要成膜物,以偶联剂表面改性的中空玻璃微珠作为隔热填料,以涂层的导热系数和吸水率作为主要性能指标,制备了一种低吸水率的水性隔热保温涂料。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对不同偶联剂处理的中空玻璃微珠进行了表征,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)考察了涂层的微观结构和形貌,测试了浸水前后涂层的导热系数、力学性能和粘结强度。[结果]铝酸酯偶联剂的改性效果比硅烷偶联剂好。当铝酸酯偶联剂改性中空玻璃微珠添加量为25%(质量分数)时,涂层的综合性能最优,24 h吸水率为9.32%,浸水168 h后的导热系数为0.1228 W/(m·K),拉伸强度为2.45 MPa,断裂伸长率为28.37%,拉拔法粘结强度为2.32 MPa。[结论]采用合适的偶联剂对中空玻璃微珠进行表面改性可有效改善隔热保温涂料体系中有机-无机界面的相容性,从而降低其吸水率,增强其力学性能。

幕墙中空玻璃内外片风荷载分配比例研究

中空玻璃在我国建筑幕墙中广泛使用,但关于中空玻璃内外片风荷载分配比例的研究不充分,规范相应规定有待进一步完善。首先归纳总结了中空玻璃分荷比例的影响要素,对比分析了中、欧相关规范的优劣异同。基于内外面板挠度位移场与理想气体方程所得的中空层气体体积变化量相同的原理,建立了适用于框支式和点支式的高精度中空玻璃承载力计算模型,并进行了中空玻璃内、外面板分荷比例的参数化分析,计算结果与欧盟规范结果吻合良好。最后,针对主流面板厚度的框支式中空玻璃,考虑中空层厚度、面板大小、长宽比等影响因素,通过最小二乘法曲面拟合得到了适用于不同情况的中空层系数计算公式。

梯度空心玻璃微珠诱导的分形自泵水凝胶的制备及其快速吸水性能研究

通过在水凝胶体系内引入梯度排布的空心玻璃微珠(hollow glass microsphere,HGM),制备了一种具有超高导水效率的分形自泵(fractal self-pumping,FS)水凝胶。在所制备的分形自泵空心玻璃微珠水凝胶(FS-HGM hydrogel)中,水凝胶骨架通过硅烷偶联剂将相邻空心玻璃微珠紧密结合固定,在玻璃微球间形成了逐级变小的亲水分形毛细微通道。结果表明,独特的分形毛细微通道极大地提高了水凝胶的导水性能,在动态接触角实验中表现出超过传统水凝胶约240倍的吸水速率,并且吸水效率随着FS-HGM水凝胶层的增厚有所提升。所制备的快速吸水分形凝胶通过高效移除过量渗出液,加速烫伤伤口愈合,为临床应用中输运生物流体开辟了新途径。

中空玻璃微球/TPU复合泡沫的制备及微孔结构的研究

目的探讨GB含量变化对中空玻璃微球/TPU复合材料相变行为、流变性能及热力学性能的影响,并研究微米尺寸填料GB对泡沫微孔形态、尺寸分布的影响。方法以中空玻璃微球和热塑性聚氨酯为原料,采用微孔注塑成型(MIM)发泡方式,制备GB/TPU复合泡沫材料。结果通过向TPU中引入微米玻璃球相改善发泡材料的微孔结构,在TPU中加入有机改性的GB,GB作为成核剂能显著提高TPU发泡材料的微孔结构。当GB质量分数为0.5%时,TPU熔体黏度得到提高,发泡性能得到改善,成功制备出具有复孔结构的GB/TPU复合泡沫。GB/TPU复合泡沫的密度被降低至0.51 g/cm^(3)。由于微米尺寸填料GB的平均直径为18μm,与TPU熔体形成较大的相界面,因此引起泡孔尺寸较大且泡孔开孔率较高的现象。结论差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测试结果表明,在冷却阶段及第二次加热熔融阶段,GB对TPU软段相和硬段相的相变行为没有明显的影响。但是在DSC第一次加热熔融阶段,GB引起了TPU熔融峰向低温区移动。旋转流变仪测试分析结果表明,在高剪切频率下,GB/TPU复合材料的复合黏度和储能模量明显高于TPU纯料的,且TPUGB0.5(含质量分数为0.5%的GB)的复合黏度和储能模量最大。TGA结果显示,热稳定性提高,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察复合材料泡沫材料泡孔结构可知,泡孔分布和尺寸均匀性显著提高。

空心玻璃微珠在高性能保温涂料中的应用

通过对比不同种类的玻璃微珠,得到可以赋予涂料更低保温性能的玻璃微珠HL20;通过加入不同量的水分,得出了适量的水分不会对涂料性能造成不利影响,甚至还会在一定范围内对保温性能及粘接强度有利;通过不同玻璃微珠HL20用量的对比得出了较优的玻璃微珠添加量;通过HL20及HL25分别与不同量气凝胶浆体(固含22%左右)复配制备涂料的数据对比,最终得出HL20制备的保温涂料综合性价比要远远优于添加气凝胶浆的涂料;通过实验室较优配方与市场上现有涂料的性能对比,得出了实验室使用玻璃微珠HL20制备的保温涂料综合性能均优于市场配方,并且价格上要远远低于使用气凝胶制备的涂料A。

游离硼含量对空心玻璃微球耐压性能的影响

本实验通过将产品耐压性能不同的两组相同工艺制备的空心玻璃微球产品进行理化分析,分别对析出液进行电导率测试,对产品及析出液进行电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试。测试结果表明,成分、粒径、密度方面相同的两种样品,ICP测试反映出HGM2析出液中游离硼元素比HGM1高8.6%,XPS测试反映出HGM2样品B/Si峰面积比HGM1少13%。表明在两组空心玻璃微球样品的结构中,硼元素参与玻璃化成键越充分,产品的耐压强度越高。而在水溶液中析出的含量可以作为反映产品强度性能的检测点和评价指标。本实验为空心玻璃微珠的制备工艺改进和应用工艺开发提供了理论依据。

SiO_(2)气凝胶及其他功能填料对反射隔热涂料性能影响

为了提高SiO_(2)气凝胶反射隔热涂料的保温隔热性能,研究了亲水、疏水性SiO_(2)气凝胶的掺量对反射隔热涂料的太阳热反射率和隔热温差的影响,以及几种功能性填料的作用。结果表明:掺量1.5%的疏水SiO_(2)气凝胶制得的反射隔热涂料性能最好,其太阳热反射率达到了83.32%,隔热温差达到了31.6℃。掺量为9%的空心玻璃微珠所制的反射隔热涂料的反射率达到85.33%,隔热温差达到32.65℃,是其他功能性填料中表现最佳的一种填料。1.5%疏水SiO_(2)气凝胶和9%空心玻璃微珠复配制得的反射隔热涂料其导热系数为0.041 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1),比各自单独使用制得的反射隔热涂料的导热系数低30%~40%,表现出良好的保温隔热效果。

水性反射隔热型涂料的制备及性能影响因素探究

研究了反射隔热涂料中重要组分对其性能的影响规律。以纯丙乳胶作为成膜物,空心玻璃微珠和金红石型二氧化钛作为功能填料,在基本配方体系基础上,通过单一变量控制法研究了空心玻璃微珠、金红石型二氧化钛的尺寸及添加量等因素对反射隔热涂料透水及耐沾污性、太阳光反射性能和隔热性能的影响规律,并制备得到综合性能优异的水性反射隔热涂料。研究结果表明,反射隔热填料不仅影响涂层的太阳光反射和隔热性能,对于涂层的耐水和耐沾污性也有显著影响。

利用空心微球制备超轻泡沫玻璃及其性能研究

本工作研究了一种利用空心微球制备超轻泡沫玻璃的新方法,以废玻璃粉为主要原材料制备高气孔率的空心微球,研究了空心微球的发泡过程和发泡机理,利用空心微球发泡法制备出了超轻质泡沫玻璃。结果表明:空心微球气孔率高,发泡过程可控,可以制备气孔尺寸均匀、高气孔率的泡沫玻璃。随着玻璃粉粒径的减小,空心微球的体积膨胀率逐渐增加,当玻璃粉D50为4.3μm时,空心微球的最大体积膨胀率约为280%。随着烧结温度的升高,泡沫玻璃的容重降低,气孔率增加,泡沫玻璃中析晶增多,主要晶相包括SiO2(石英)、SiO2(鳞石英)和Na_(2)Ca_(3)Si_(6)O_(16)(失透石)。当烧结温度为725~800℃时,可以制备气孔率大于95%的超轻泡沫玻璃。本工作提出的空心微球发泡法对制备无机多孔材料具有较为广泛的适用性。