Design and Test of Closed Hydraulic Transmission System of 4WD High-clearance Wheeled Sprayer

In conjunction with the working characteristics of the high-clearance wheeled sprayer and the benefits of the closed hydraulic system,a series of reasonable working parameters should be established,and a hydraulic system that fulfills the requisite specifications should be designed.The AMESim software model is employed to construct a closed hydraulic transmission system,and the simulation analysis is then performed according to the data of hydraulic components.According to analysis results,the prototype can be optimized and upgraded,and a verification test is further carried out.The test results demonstrate that the designed closed hydraulic transmission system meets the actual working requirements of the high-clearance wheeled sprayer and provides a stable experimental platform for intelligent control of agricultural machinery.

Comparative analysis of the effects of gunpowder and plasma ignition in closed vessel tests

This paper presents the results of a comparative investigation into the effects of the ignition method on the ballistic properties of a single-base gun propellant,as determined via closed vessel tests.Conventional gunpowder ignition and plasma jet ignition methods were used,and differences in the ignition time were analysed.The influence of the ignition method on the dynamic vivacity is discussed.It is shown that this influence is significant in the first phase of the combustion process,and with respect to the low values of the loading density.In the second phase of the combustion process,and for large values of the loading density,the dynamic vivacity plots for the two ignition methods converge.Regarding the burning law,close values of the exponent were obtained for the two ignition methods.The dynamic vivacity plots determined for plasma ignition reveal stronger dependence on the loading density than those determined for gunpowder ignition.The conclusion is that plasma ignition is not a solution to the problems inherent to the process of determining the ballistic properties of propellants,which results in deviation of the burning process from the geometric burning law.

Pressure Buildup Analysis for a Well in a Closed, Bounded Multiwell Reservoir

A general method has been developed for analyzing pressure buildup data from a well located in a system with both production and injection wells in a closed, bounded two-phase flow reservoir. The proposed method enables one to calculate the total mobility or permeability-thickness product, the skin factor, the average drainage-area pressure and the injection-production ratio （at the instant of shut-in） with accuracy from pressure buildup （or falloff） data dominated by a linear trend of reservoir pressure. Out of thousands of well tests, several typical field examples have been presented to illustrate the application of the proposed method for analyzing pressure transient data from a well located in a water-injection multiwell reservoir. And the possible application of this method to heterogeneous systems such as naturally fractured reservoirs is also discussed. Approaches to aid practicing engineers in verifying the buildup interpretation （or recognizing the interference of offset wells） are presented. Extension of the presented method to a gas well located in a multiwell gas reservoir is also suggested

Use of A Shatter Test Vessel to Assess Propellant Safety

At low temperatures,gun propellant grains may become brittle and this can lead to fracture or shatter of the grains during gun firing.Should this event occur then it will result in an increase in the burning surface of the propellant and will give rise to a change in ballistic performance.Also,if the resultant over pressure is sufficient,a breech failure may result.Understanding the propensity of a grain to fracture or shatter is therefore important in determining its safety in use.This document describes a test that may be used to derive knowledge and to quantify the physical behaviour of a gun propellant grain at the low temperatures at which fracture or shatter is most likely to occur.

Modelling Design and Test of Steam Centrifugal Compressor

This paper discusses the modeling design and accuracy analysis of a single stage steam centrifugal compressor for China′S first seawater desalinization plant, and gives a brief presentation on the closed loop vapour test platform designed and constructed for qualification of the compress or for performance and operational reliability, and results of tests run with the compressor. Both tests and actual operation show the modeling design is successful, and the compressor achieved and exceeded what was expected in performance. The seawater desalinization plant has run with excellent performance and reliability for several years for the national seawater desalinization demonstration program. This proves it is practical and practicable to develop and design China′s steam centrifugal compressors in series from air centrifugal compressors by maintaining equal specific volume ratio at both inlet and outlet of the compressor.

Effects of subject’s wakefulness state and health status on approximated entropy during eye opening and closure test of routine EEG examination

This study tested a novel method designed to provide useful information for medical diagnosis and treatment. We measured electroencephalography (EEG) during a test of eye opening and closing, a common test in routine EEG examination. This test is mainly used for measuring the degree of alpha blocking and sensitivity during eyes opening and closing. However, because these factors depend on the subject’s awareness, drowsiness can interfere with accurate diagnosis. We sought to determine the optimal EEG frequency band and optimal brain region for distinguishing healthy individuals from patients suffering from several neurophysiological diseases (including dementia, cerebrovascular disorder, schizophrenia, alcoholism, and epilepsy) while fully awake, and while in an early drowsy state. We tested four groups of subjects (awake healthy subjects, drowsy healthy subjects, awake patients and drowsy patients). The complexity of EEG band frequencies over five lobes in the human brain was analyzed using wavelet-based approximate entropy (ApEn). Two-way analysis of variance tested the effects of the two factors of interest (subjects’ health state, and subjects’ wakefulness state) on five different lobes of the brain during eyes opening and closing. The complexity of the theta and delta bands over frontal and central regions, respectively, was significantly greater in the healthy state during eyes opening. In contrast, patients exhibited increased complexity of gamma band activity over the temporal region only, during eyes-close. The early drowsy state and wakefulness state increased the complexity of theta band activity over the temporal region only during eyes-close and eyes-open states respectively, and this change was significantly greater in control subjects compared with patients. We propose that this method may be useful in routine EEG examination, to aid medical doctors and clinicians in distinguishing healthy individuals from patients, regardless of whether the subject is fully awake or in the early stages of drowsiness.

A Hybrid Simulation Test Platform for Verifying the Protection Settings of SPS

To verify the effectiveness and correctness of the protection settings in ring structure Shipboard Power System (SPS), a digital-physical hybrid simulation platform at China Ship Development and Design Center (CSDDC) has been built, which aims to give double verification effect of design scheme and physical device. The platform consists of eMEGAsim digital simulator, signal power amplifiers and digital-analog interface equipments. With this platform, the multiple protection device of ring structure grid can be accessed to form a close-loop test system. Since eMEGAsim model-simulated faults and actual protection device actions are on real time, the tripping settings of each device as well as their coordinate performance between multiple devices can be verified in this close-loop test.

Fault Waveform Regenerator and Its Digital Closed-Loop Modification Technique

In order to provide a novel and more effective alternative to the commonly used relay protection testing device that outputs only the sinusoidal testing signals, the concept of fault waveform regenerator is proposed in this paper, together with its hardware structure and software flow chart. Fault waveform regenerator mainly depends on its power amplifiers (PAs) to regenerate the fault waveforms recorded by digital fault recorder (DFR). To counteract the PA’s inherent nonlinear distortions, a digital closed-loop modification technique that is different from the predistortion technique is conceived. And the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the fault waveform regenerator based on the digital closed-loop modification technique.

均质黏性土中静压沉桩桩土界面孔压增量及有效土压室内试验研究

研究饱和黏性土中静压沉桩引起的桩土界面孔压增量及有效径向应力的变化规律对工程实践具有重要意义。利用自制的大比例模型试验系统,通过双壁开口和闭口管桩,实现了开口和闭口桩桩身表面嵌入式安装微型测试元件,得到了考虑孔压增量的桩土界面有效径向应力的变化规律。研究结果表明:入土深度越大,桩土界面孔压增量及有效径向应力越大,闭口桩桩土界面超孔压大于开口桩;桩身上部桩土界面超孔压和有效径向应力小于桩身下部;同一入土深度,随着桩身h/L的增加,桩土界面土压力存在侧压力“退化”的现象;特定试验条件下,闭口和开口桩桩土界面超孔压与上覆有效土体自重比值最大值分别是61.2%和52.1%,桩土界面有效径向应力是超孔压的3.76~5.46倍。桩土界面超孔压和有效径向应力与桩身h/L位置有关。

半封闭温室关键系统设计与应用

半封闭温室是近年来新兴温室,其中温室气候走廊和正压送风系统是半封闭温室的关键系统设计。通过对半封闭温室内夏季温度分布的均匀性和风道风速测试试验,验证温室的降温能力和送风系统性能。试验结果表明,SFG5-4型风机配套35 m长风道,送风相对均匀,风速4.3~4.7 m/s;对于温度分布规律来说,在同一水平方向上温室内各点的平均温差1.0~1.8℃,在同一高度方向上温室内各点的平均温差2.2~3.5℃,并且3.5 m湿帘比2.0 m湿帘降温效果好。

感知系统触发条件穿透率评估方法研究

预期功能安全问题制约着自动驾驶汽车的落地。自动驾驶感知系统面临的各种极端行驶环境等极易引起预期功能安全问题。因此,须按照现有预期功能安全标准,在安全分析阶段识别并评估种类多且数量大的触发条件,筛选高价值触发条件为后续测试验证提供测试场景输入。本文中首先基于对触发条件在自动驾驶系统中的风险演化过程的分析,提出一套包括暴露率、穿透率和危害率的三维感知系统触发条件评估体系。随后,基于层次分析法构建了触发条件穿透率量化评估方法。最后,针对某量产车型的融合感知系统分析并选取15个触发条件,构建测试用例并开展封闭场地测试,评估上述触发条件的穿透率。最终经计算筛选得到3个高风险触发条件,验证了触发条件穿透率量化评估方法的可行性。

变电站站控系统改造镜像闭环测试技术研究

针对变电站站控系统改造停电难、停电调试验收时间短、人工验收慢且信息核对不全面等问题,设计了一种变电站站控系统改造镜像闭环测试系统。针对现场运行设备搭建镜像系统,采用横向镜像比对、纵向闭环验证的机制,以功能模块化的思路完成变电站站控系统改造的自动测试,并自动生成标准化的测试结果报告。将现场人工验证环节提前移到所设计的镜像闭环测试系统中高效进行,可有效缩短现场停电时间,提前消除验证隐患,提高变电站的改造效率和质量。

稠油电加热嵌入式控制装置设计及其试验

为提高稠油井电加热系统的加热效率,解决油田中频电源加热运行控制主要依靠人工经验设置和低效的自动控制造成电能浪费的现状,本文设计了稠油电加热嵌入式控制装置。基于非嵌入式获取的油井生产电信号,以稠油开采电机的电功率为闭环反馈信号,获取油液最优温度的参考输入。在此基础之上,通过井口油液温度的微分反馈环节,改善温度迟滞效应,实现中频电源的节能优化控制。通过对嵌入式硬件核心电路模块的设计和主要软件功能的开发,不仅实现了稠油井电加热过程的动态控制,还实现了各项运行指标的现场及云端的实时监测。稠油井场试验分析表明,所设计的稠油电加热嵌入式控制装置符合井场节能安全的生产需求,节约能耗可达20%。

酸碱环境下丁基羟基甲苯的氧化特性及氧化产物

常压条件下,在丁基羟基甲苯(butylated hydroxytoluene,BHT)氧化反应体系中分别加入KOH和HCl溶液调控pH值,采用高效液相色谱法监测BHT的氧化消耗量,探究酸碱环境对BHT氧化反应的影响;使用小型密闭压力容器试验跟踪监测BHT在加压氧化过程中温度和压力变化,探究BHT在加压条件下的氧化特性;对BHT结晶纯化后的氧化产物进行结构表征,推测其可能的氧化途径。结果表明,在常压情况下,当pH值为4和6时,BHT转化率小于5%,较为稳定。而pH值为10时,BHT转化率最高达59%,氧化反应迅速。在加压密闭容器内,BHT的初始氧化温度为133.1℃;KOH和HCl均使BHT的初始氧化温度降低,分别为53.0℃和49.1℃。常压碱性环境和加压环境下,BHT氧化过程中均产生2,6-二叔丁基-4-氢过氧基-4-甲基-2,5-环己二酮和2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基-4-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)-2,5-环己二烯-1-酮。实验结果提示了BHT在碱性环境和加压环境下容易发生自身的氧化降解并产生毒性产物,具有一定的使用风险。

气动快关球阀的故障分析与处理

气动快关球阀是流体输送系统中安全可靠运行的关键装置,但是在气动阀门的使用过程中,在各种因素的影响下会发生故障,一旦气动阀门出现故障,将影响整个液体输送的稳定性及压力和流量调节的实时性等,相比传统手动阀门控制,气动快关球阀具有控制简单、可靠性高、响应迅速等优点。本文针对航天液体火箭发动机试验台液体长输管线上的实际案例,基于气动快关球阀的结构及特点分析,对实际应用中的球阀阀座PTFE阀座圈被异常切断,进入输送管道中的过滤器中的问题进行确定和分析,提出具体的解决措施,经过验证和改进后的气动快关球阀满足试验使用要求。

安全稳定控制系统远程非实时闭环测试技术研究

目前,安全稳定控制系统的测试主要依赖于相互独立的厂内测试、实验室测试和现场联调测试,难以彻底消除安全稳定控制系统潜在的隐患。针对现有测试方法的不足,提出一种安全稳定控制系统远程非实时闭环测试技术。通过融合硬件在环仿真、5G通信组网、广域同步触发、多通信协议转换等关键技术,研发了平台管理系统、测试主站和测试终端等关键模块,并制定了远程非实时闭环测试流程。以四川电网水电经特高压直流集中送出安全稳定控制系统为例,验证了所提技术的可行性。

浙江某银矿矿石性质及选矿流程试验研究

为了查明浙江某银矿的矿石性质,本文采用偏光显微镜、化学物相分析、扫描电镜、X射线能谱、MLA分析等手段,对矿石的矿物组成、银的赋存状态、银矿物的嵌布特征、粒度组成等进行了系统研究,并分析了影响银选矿的矿物学因素。结果表明,该矿石中银的品位为145 g/t,含银矿物主要为银黝铜矿和车轮矿,银黝铜矿呈自形、半自形粒状,以星散浸染状的形式散布在脉石中,与脉石矿物连生密切且粒度不均匀;车轮矿的分布较广,与黄铁矿及方解石共生密切,矿物嵌布粒度细,是导致其选矿指标难以提高的主要因素。选矿闭路试验获得了含银1 461.00 g/t、银回收率为58.74%的选别指标,进一步验证了矿石性质研究结果。

大跨度桥梁多阶涡振MTMD控制效果与布置优化

调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)在结构减振方面有显著效果。传统桥梁涡激振动控制通常只考虑单一模态,并使用简化的气动力模型,而多跨桥梁等结构具有频率密集的多阶模态,忽略相邻非涡振模态对TMD的影响可能导致涡振振幅计算产生较大误差,TMD控制效果无法达到最优。该文介绍了一种针对结构多模态涡振控制的多个TMD布置优化方法,考虑了非涡振模态影响,并采用多项式涡激力模型推导了模态坐标中力-结构-MTMD的控制方程,同时提出了一种量化各非涡振模态对涡振计算的贡献和识别有显著贡献非涡振模态的新方法。以多跨桥梁为研究案例,对多个TMD控制效果和布置优化开展了对比研究,与逐模态设计结果相比,该文通过全局优化确定最优MTMD参数显示出更优的控制性能,明确了多项式模型在TMD安装后准确预测涡振振幅的适用性,突显出非涡振模态在TMD优化中的重要性。

基于EMD及闭环测试的飞机直接升力控制系统设计

飞机直接升力水平不均会造成飞机飞行偏航问题,为实现对飞机飞行能力的有效控制,设计基于EMD及闭环测试的飞机直接升力控制系统;在FSEU架构中,设置ARINC429总线闭环机制,联合伺服控制模块与实时机载终端,实现飞机直接升力控制系统应用模式的搭建;根据隐藏EMD信息定义条件,求解质心动力学方程,再按照气动特性原则,计算航向偏离度的具体数值,完成基于EMD的飞机升力控制;以内存网交联环境为基础,配置模型机组织,实现对闭环测试功能的完善;实验结果表明,应用所设计系统可以改善直接升力水平不均的问题,将飞机飞行偏航角控制在0°~20°的数值范围之内,能够实现对飞机飞行能力的有效控制。

甘肃某金矿选矿试验研究

针对甘肃某金矿进行了浮选试验。试验采用碳酸钠为调整剂,硫酸铜为活化剂,丁基黄药+丁铵黑药为混合捕收剂,2号油为起泡剂,经过两次粗选、两次扫选、三次精选闭路试验,可获得金品位为251.27 g/t、金回收率为96.67%的精矿产品。该技术指标优异,为该类型金矿的选别提供技术依据。