Evaluation of Digits-in-Noise Test and Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults Screening in Patients with Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

Objective:To explore the clinical evaluation role of the Digits-in-Noise(DIN)test and Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults Screening(HHIA-S)for patients with occupational noise-induced hearing loss and to observe and analyze their application values.Methods:Fifty patients with suspected occupational noise-induced hearing loss were randomly selected from the Department of Otolaryngology at the hospital as the research target.The collection period for the research cases spanned from January 2022 to November 2023,and all patients had a history of noise exposure.The DIN test and HHIA-S were used for hearing examinations,with clinical,comprehensive diagnosis serving as the gold standard to study their diagnostic performance.Results:The compliance rate of the DIN test was 88.00%,the HHIA-S’s compliance rate was 80.00%,and the combined compliance rate was 94.00%.The compliance rate of the DIN test and the combined compliance rates of the patients were statistically significant compared to the clinical gold standard data(P<0.05),while there was no difference between the compliance rate of the HHIA-S and the gold standard(P>0.05).The data shows that the sensitivity of the combined diagnosis is significantly higher than the sensitivity data of the DIN test and HHIA-S examination alone(P<0.05).Its specificity is 100.00%,and the accuracy data of the joint diagnosis in the degree were higher than those of the DIN test alone(P>0.05)and the HHIA-S alone(P<0.05).Conclusion:For patients with occupational noise-induced hearing loss,the joint evaluation of the DIN test and HHIA-S can significantly improve their diagnostic value with high sensitivity and accuracy.

Repeated pregnancy losses with multiple aneuploidies and major genomic imbalance:A case report

Rationale:If one of the partners is having balanced autosomal translocation,it is usually observed that the offspring inherit either normal chromosomes,balanced translocation identical to one of the parent or unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements of the same parental chromosome having translocation.Concern:A unique case presented with history of 8 miscarriages for genetic counseling.The last abortus material evaluation showed monosomy of chromosome X(Turner syndrome)in all the analyzed cells.There was a history of infertility and also repeated second trimester abortions on the paternal side.On the maternal side,there was a history of intellectual disability.Diagnose:History of repeated abnormal pregnancy outcomes.Wife’s karyotype is normal;however,husband shows translocation between chromosome 4 and 22.Intervention:Peripheral blood sample around 3 mL was collected for karyotype.Embryo biopsy was done and DNA was extracted and processed for whole exome sequencing.Outcomes:Wife’s karyotype is normal and husband has translocation between chromosome 4 and 22.Surprisingly,the entire pregnancy outcome including embryo screening has different,complete or partial aneuploidies of chromosomes other than chromosome 4 and 22.Main lesson:Though the translocation in one of the parent is balanced,we have to think beyond traditional ways for evaluating a couple with repeated pregnancy loss as we cannot predict the errors at cell division.Option of in vitro fertilization and preimplantation genetic diagnosis in couples having balanced translocations should be discussed so that early intervention can prevent the agony of pregnancy loss.

Analysis of rotor eddy current loss and thermal deformation of magnetic liquid double suspension bearing

Magnetic-liquid double suspension bearing(MLDSB)is a new type of suspension bearing based on electromagnetic suspension and supplemented by hydrostatic supporting.Without affecting the electromagnetic suspension force,the hydrostatic supporting effect is increased,and the real-time coupling of magnetic and liquid supporting can be realized.However,due to the high rotation speed,the rotor part produces eddy current loss,resulting in a large temperature rise and large ther-mal deformation,which makes the oil film thickness deviate from the initial design.The support and bearing characteristics are seriously affected.Therefore,this paper intends to explore the internal effects of eddy current loss of the rotor on the temperature rise and thermal deformation of MLDSB.Firstly,the 2D magnetic flow coupling mathematical model of MLDSB is established,and the eddy current loss distribution characteristics of the rotor are numerically simulated by Maxwell software.Secondly,the internal influence of mapping relationship of structural operating parameters such as input current,coil turns and rotor speed on rotor eddy current loss is revealed,and the changing trend of rotor eddy current loss under different design parameters is explored.Thirdly,the eddy cur-rent loss is loaded into the heat transfer finite element calculation model as a heat source,and the temperature rise of the rotor and its thermal deformation are simulated and analyzed,and the influ-ence of eddy current loss on rotor temperature rise and thermal deformation is revealed.Finally,the pressure-flow curve and the distribution law of the internal flow field are tested by the particle image velocimetry(PIV)system.The results show that eddy current loss increases linearly with the in-crease of coil current,coil turns and rotor speed.The effect of rotational speed on eddy current loss is much higher than that of coil current and coil turns.The maximum temperature rise,minimum temperature rise and maximum thermal deformation of the rotor increase with the increase of eddy current loss.The test results of flow-pressure and internal trace curves are basically consistent with the theoretical simulation,which effectively verifies the correctness of the theoretical simulation.The research results can provide theoretical basis for the design and safe and stable operation of magnetic fluid double suspension bearings.

Lifetime estimation of IGBT module using square-wave loss discretization and power cycling test

The insulated gate bipolar transistor(IGBT)module is one of the most age-affected components in the switch power supply, and its reliability prediction is conducive to timely troubleshooting and reduction in safety risks and unnecessary costs. The pulsed current pattern of the accelerator power supply is different from other converter applications;therefore, this study proposed a lifetime estimation method for IGBT modules in pulsed power supplies for accelerator magnets. The proposed methodology was based on junction temperature calculations using square-wave loss discretization and thermal modeling.Comparison results showed that the junction temperature error between the simulation and IR measurements was less than 3%. An AC power cycling test under real pulsed power supply applications was performed via offline wearout monitoring of the tested power IGBT module. After combining the IGBT4 PC curve and fitting the test results,a simple corrected lifetime model was developed to quantitatively evaluate the lifetime of the IGBT module,which can be employed for the accelerator pulsed power supply in engineering. This method can be applied to other IGBT modules and pulsed power supplies.

SLC26A4 mutation testing for hearing loss associated with enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct

nPendred syndrome （PS） is characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of goiter associated with a defect of iodide organification, hearing loss, enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct （EVA）, and mutations of the SLC26A4 gene. However, not all EVA patients have PS or SLC26A4 mutations. Two mutant alleles of SLC26A4 are detected in 1/4 of North American or European EVA populations, one mutant allele is detected in another 1/4 of patient populations, and no mutations are de-tected in the other 1/2. The presence of two mutant al-leles of SLC26A4 is associated with abnormal iodide or-ganification, increased thyroid gland volume, increased severity of hearing loss, and bilateral EVA. The pres-ence of a single mutant allele of SLC26A4 is associated with normal iodide organification, normal thyroid gland volume, less severe hearing loss and either bilateral or unilateral EVA. When other underlying correlations are accounted for, the presence of a cochlear malformation or the size of EVA does not have an effect on hearing thresholds. This is consistent with observations of an Slc26a4 mutant mouse model of EVA in which hearing loss is independent of endolymphatic hydrops or in-ner ear malformations. Segregation analyses of EVA in families suggest that the patients carrying one mutant allele of SLC26A4 have a second, undetected mutant allele of SLC26A4, and the probability of a sibling hav-ing EVA is consistent with its segregation as an autoso-mal recessive trait. Patients without any mutations are an etiologically heterogeneous group in which siblings have a lower probability of having EVA. SLC26A4 muta-tion testing can provide prognostic information to guide clinical surveillance and management, as well as the probability of EVA affecting a sibling.

Hidden Hearing Loss: Causes, Current Knowledge, and Future Directions

Introduction: Hidden hearing loss (HHL) is a type of auditory disorder that affects the auditory neural processing and hearing sensitivity in subjects with normal hearing thresholds. Unlike central auditory processing disorders, HHL happens when the cochlea (the peripheral auditory organ) is affected. There are several known risk factors to HHL which includes noise exposure, ototoxic drugs, and peripheral neuropathies, and age. Recent studies have shed light on this type of hearing loss, its etiology, prevalence, and how it can affect the auditory acuity in humans. Methods: This paper covers the current research regarding HHL, its causes, the different mechanisms involved in this disorder, and the diagnosis and potential treatments related to it. We will delve deeply into different researches concerning HHL. 4 articles from 285 were selected focusing on normal hearing individuals with bad speech intelligibility were discussed in this paper. In addition, articles discussing the effects of noise exposure on hearing impaired individuals were not considered as this study solely aims to focus on normal hearing sensitivity individuals with HHL, resulting in 4 articles from 285. Results: Numerous literatures over the decades have suggested that HHL is due to the degeneration of cochlear ribbon synapses, or hair cells synapses without hair cell damage. Their association with HHL was noted several times through this study, whether we were studying the effect of noise exposure, of age, or of ototoxicity. In all cases, no significant hair cell damage was observed, and normal thresholds were recovered. However, a decline in the amplitude of Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) peak I from auditory nerve (AN) responses in noise exposed subjects and a decline in compound action potential (CAP) was measured when certain drugs were applied to the round window of Guinea pigs. Conclusion: Most studies, have proven that cochlear synaptophysin is the major contributor to noise induced, age, and ototoxic related HHL. There are several audiometric tests that were used to help identify HHL including Puretone audiometry in background noise, ABR, CAP, Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission (DPOAE).

基于碰撞特性的鲜食玉米摘穗装置对比试验

【目的】探究缓冲弹簧和柔性触穗表面两种摘穗机构在摘取果穗中的低损作用及机制。【方法】以传统玉米收获用板式摘穗机构和具有缓冲弹簧加柔性触穗表面的柔性摘穗机构为2种摘穗结构,以刚性触穗表面、柔性橡胶触穗表面、柔性发泡材料触穗表面为3种触穗表面,得出6种摘穗机构,进行鲜食玉米果穗碰撞试验,采集和分析碰撞时间、碰撞加速度峰值,计算碰撞冲量,统计籽粒破碎率。【结果】柔性摘穗机构能够有效降低鲜食玉米果穗受到的碰撞时间,从而降低鲜食玉米果穗的籽粒破碎率。缓冲弹簧可缩短鲜食玉米果穗的碰撞时间,当柔性摘穗机构表面为柔性橡胶和柔性发泡材料时,碰撞时间分别比板式摘穗机构降低了66.2%、70.1%和70.1%。碰撞冲量分别降低了67.6%、77.9%和79.7%。籽粒破碎率降低了71.2%、51.3%和83.6%。对于柔性摘穗机构,鲜食玉米果穗与柔性橡胶、柔性发泡材料触穗表面的碰撞时间比刚性触穗表面分别延长了58.7%和63.2%。碰撞加速度峰值分别降低了62.5%和68.7%。碰撞冲量分别降低了42.4%和54.5%。籽粒破碎率分别降低了47.4%和68.4%。【结论】通过降低收获过程中鲜食玉米果穗受到的碰撞时间和碰撞加速度,从而有效降低了鲜食玉米果穗的籽粒破碎率,为鲜食玉米低损收获机的研制提供理论依据和设计参考。

无量纲化方法选择及最优无量纲化方法构建

文章针对综合评价过程中无量纲化方法难以选择的问题,首先,基于分布特征不变性和变异特征不变性对无量纲化方法进行初步筛选,结果发现,只有伸缩法能同时保持指标的分布特征和变异特征不变;其次,构建无量纲化有效性的统计检验方法,并检验各种伸缩法的有效性,结果发现,并非所有的伸缩法都能有效消除指标间的量纲差异;然后,建立无量纲化信息损失速率的度量模型,提出无量纲化方法选择的主要步骤,并以无量纲化应在有效消除指标间量纲差异的情况下尽可能减小指标内的信息损失速率为原则,构建一种最优无量纲化模型;最后,通过大量的数值模拟实验来进行无量纲化方法选择,并求解最优无量纲化模型。结果发现,基于以上步骤能更加科学准确地进行无量纲化方法选择;构建的最优无量纲化方法不同于任何一种现有的无量纲化方法,其不仅可以有效消除指标间的量纲差异,而且可以防止对数据的过度处理,造成不必要的信息损失。

房地产行业冲击下的系统性风险

房地产是当前中国最大的“灰犀牛”之一.本文首次就房地产行业冲击对我国所有行业可能造成的系统性风险影响进行了压力测试.为克服以往二维压力测试无法刻画所有行业之间联动的问题,本文提出了一种新的动态高维Copula(DHDC)宏观压力测试方法.还提出了一种新的系统性风险度量—条件市值损失(CoMVL),它结合了已有风险度量CoES和MES的优点,又融入了市值信息,从而更好地测量负向冲击的影响.利用中国18个行业的指数回报数据,基于DHDC压力测试的实证分析表明:房地产行业冲击对其他各个行业产生了广泛的不利影响,如果未来一个月内房地产行业累积收益率下跌20%,将会导致制造业、金融业、信息技术业和采矿业的市值分别下跌10.14万亿元、0.81万亿元、0.65万亿元和0.42万亿元,收益率分别下跌29.10%、7.81%、15.27%和10.92%;房地产行业冲击对一个行业造成的市值损失75%以上归结于间接影响,即房地产行业通过影响其它行业而其它行业又对目标行业造成的影响.风险溢出网络分析表明,房地产行业冲击主要通过信息技术业、采矿业、批发零售业、交运仓储业、水电煤气业和建筑业六个行业对制造业和金融业产生了不利影响.拓展分析还表明,房地产行业冲击时间越长,对其他行业产生的不利影响也就越大;而且房地产行业负向冲击产生的影响要大于同等幅度下正向冲击产生的影响,即当前稳定房地产下跌预期对防范系统性风险相对更加重要.一系列稳健性检验都证实了本文结果的可靠性.本研究对于全面理解和防范房地产行业冲击对其它各行业可能带来的系统性风险具有重要的政策指引意义.

装备典型材料循环盐雾加速腐蚀行为与机理研究

目的研究装备典型材料在循环盐雾试验条件下的加速腐蚀行为与机理,建立快速分析和表征碳钢腐蚀性能的试验方法。方法通过实施模拟海洋大气环境腐蚀效应及作用特点的循环盐雾加速腐蚀试验,采用SEM、XRD及电化学测试等手段,表征和分析样品腐蚀质量损失、腐蚀形貌、腐蚀产物成分、腐蚀电压、腐蚀电流密度及阻抗等腐蚀性能随暴露时间的变化规律,归纳碳钢的加速腐蚀行为和电化学机理。结果碳钢样品腐蚀质量损失动力学符合幂函数规律,腐蚀速率整体呈现先升高、再降低的变化趋势。腐蚀产物为疏松外层与相对致密内层组成的准双层结构,整体呈现从疏松剥落到逐渐增厚致密的变化过程,成分以铁的氧化物和羟基氧化物为主。极化曲线拟合的腐蚀电流密度呈现先波动增加、后减小的变化趋势,腐蚀电位则围绕中枢值上下波动。电化学阻抗谱由2个容抗弧组成,后期容抗弧中低频区的直线表示出Warburg阻抗的典型特征。结论循环盐雾加速腐蚀试验能够较为全面地描述碳钢材料的加速腐蚀行为与机理,为进一步研究装备典型材料室内外腐蚀试验相关性提供条件。

隧道分岔形式对分流局部通风阻力特性的影响

目的:随着城市建设水平和强度提高,带匝道的分岔隧道日趋增多。针对分岔隧道通风设计难题,亟待获取隧道分岔形式对分流局部通风阻力特性的影响规律。方法:通过搭建同步满足阻力和压力相似的1/13缩尺分岔隧道通风试验平台,构建分岔隧道三维CFD模型,探究了分岔隧道不同分岔形式气流的流动特征和局部阻力系数,并进一步分析了分流结构与减速车道等隧道分岔形式特征对局部阻力系数的影响。结果:表明主线与匝道局部阻力系数随分流比增大呈现先减小后增大的趋势,且在分流比为0.4时达到最小。平行分岔隧道相比定向分岔隧道,主线局部阻力系数差别不大,而匝道局部阻力系数存在较明显的差异,分流比较小时,平行分岔隧道匝道局部阻力更大,分流比较大时则相反。增设减速车道,分流比较小时会减小匝道局部阻力系数,但会增加主线局部阻力系数,分流比较大时则相反。结论:研究结果可为分岔隧道的通风设计提供参考。

加速碳化条件下不同养护制度对碱矿渣混凝土钢筋锈蚀的影响

研究了加速碳化环境(CO_(2)浓度为20%)下,标准养护、饱和Ca(OH)_(2)溶液养护和蒸压养护对CaO+Na_(2)CO_(3)为激发剂的碱矿渣混凝土(CNC)中钢筋锈蚀的影响。结果表明,与标准养护相比,饱和Ca(OH)_(2)溶液养护不改变CNC的水化产物,但使其早期水化更加充分,因此平均孔径减小;蒸压养护使CNC水化产物由C-S-H凝胶转化为水榴石与11-?型的托勃莫来石,平均孔径和总孔隙率显著减小。在相同的加速碳化龄期下,与标准养护相比,饱和Ca(OH)_(2)溶液养护和蒸压养护的CNC碳化深度降低、CNC中钢筋发生高概率锈蚀时间延缓、钢筋失重率下降。与相同养护条件下的普通硅酸盐混凝土相比,标准养护和饱和Ca(OH)_(2)溶液养护的CNC中钢筋抗锈蚀能力远小于普通硅酸盐混凝土,而蒸压养护的CNC中钢筋抗锈蚀能力大于普通硅酸盐混凝土。

改进YOLOX的夜间安全帽检测算法

安全帽检测是保障建筑施工现场安全的一个有效手段。为保证暗光条件下图像分辨度,塔机吊钩摄像头夜间经常需采集灰度图像。由于摄像头晃动和人员走动,安全帽目标区域还经常会出现模糊现象。为解决模糊灰度图像中目标特征丢失所导致的检测精度下降问题,以YOLOX为基准模型,提出一种用于夜间安全帽检测的特征增强和回归权重自适应YOLOX(feature enhancement and regression weight adaptive,FERWA-YOLOX)算法。算法在输入层增加了融合不同大小感受野的多尺度残差(multi-scale residuals,MSR)模块,在同层网络中融合更多局部特征,降低目标局部模糊带来的影响;在解耦头的分类分支增加并行池化通道注意力(parallel pooling channel attention,PPCA)模块,弥补因目标颜色特征丢失所导致的网络分类能力的下降;设计了一种带双惩罚项的损失函数(double penalty items-Siou,DPI-Siou),自适应地降低形状固定目标的形状损失和模糊目标在回归时的权重,提高网络的检测精度。实验结果表明,FERWA-YOLOX较原YOLOX算法,mAP提升了4.88个百分点,参数量仅提升0.5 MB,且满足夜间实时检测需求。

变速抽水蓄能电机在发电工况不同转速下磁场和损耗研究

本文对变速抽水蓄能发电电动机的电压方程、磁链方程、电磁转矩方程和运动方程进行了推导,并建立了10MW变速抽水蓄能发电电动机二维电磁场的数学方程和物理模型,对变速抽水蓄能发电电动机的电磁场数学方程进行了计算,得到了变速抽水蓄能电机在发电机工况下超同步速时定子电压和定子电流的波形,分析了变速抽水蓄能电机在发电机工况下不同转速时磁密的分布规律,研究了不同转速下定子铁芯损耗和转子铁芯损耗占总铁芯损耗比例的变化规律。搭建了10MW变速抽水蓄能发电电动机样机试验测试平台,通过试验测试得到的结果与计算结果较为接近。

基于Fluent的液压集成块流道结构对压损及流场特性的研究

液压集成块是液压系统中的重要元件,其压力损失等流态特性对液压系统的性能有很大影响。在3D打印增材制造的技术背景下,针对液压集成块流道中的压力损失问题,对流道结构进行了流场分析。以流道的压力损失为评价指标,选取流道的3个关键结构参数,设计了L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验。利用Fluent软件对不同参数组合的流体域模型进行仿真,对正交试验结果进行极差分析,得到了流道结构参数的最佳组合。仿真结果表明:流道的截面形状对压力损失的影响最大,与常见的直角转弯结构相比,优化后的流道结构的压力损失降低了约0.357 MPa,最大温升下降了5 K,流动阻力减小。

双块式无砟轨道轨枕与道床板界面脱空损伤识别

为准确识别双块式无砟轨道轨枕与道床板连接面脱空损伤,建立了双块式无砟轨道冲击回波有限元模型,分析界面损伤对弹性波传播规律的影响。在室内浇筑含有不同损伤位置和不同损伤程度的混凝土复合试件,采用冲击回波法进行损伤识别。研究结果表明:脱空损伤会显著影响弹性波在界面处的传播,基于回波信号分析可识别损伤;弹性波频率主要受激振锤大小的影响,应结合结构易损位置和理论计算选取合适的激振锤;混凝土复合试件的试验厚度值与理论厚度值相差仅为1 cm,测试结果合理,可用于判断脱空损伤程度,但不能确定损伤区域;利用平面成像技术可准确识别轨枕与道床板界面脱空范围,为双块式无砟轨道结构养护维修提供一定参考,试验结果验证了冲击回波法用于双块式轨道层间脱空识别的可行性和合理性。

基于灰色关联分析的复合电能质量环境变压器损耗测试及分析方法

随着分布式电源以及大量非线性负荷接入电网,电能质量扰动问题愈发突出,严重影响配电网关键设备损耗。目前,难以对多电能质量扰动工况下的变压器损耗进行准确测量,各电能质量指标对变压器损耗的影响程度难以量化。为此,根据电压偏差、三相不平衡和谐波三种典型电能质量扰动机理,设计出一种模拟变压器实际运行条件,可产生多电能质量扰动工况的实验平台。此外,采用灰色关联分析方法对实验数据进行处理,得到各电能质量指标与变压器损耗之间的关联程度。结果表明,三项电能质量指标均会影响变压器损耗,进而影响变压器的能效。三相不平衡扰动与其他扰动之间的耦合对配电网变压器的附加损耗影响最为显著,而电压偏差扰动与其他扰动之间的耦合对附加损耗的影响较小。该结论可为配电网能效分析与电能质量治理提供参考。

蛭石增强垫片加速寿命试验的最高温度应力水平确定研究

研究高可靠性垫片的寿命通常采用加速寿命试验,而加速寿命试验要求失效机理一致,因此合理地选择垫片最高应力水平尤为重要。以蛭石增强垫片为研究对象,进行温度加速退化试验,建立了垫片的幂律退化模型,基于Arrehenius方程和激活能原理得到了失效机理转变的温度区间;在给定失效阈值前提下,对伪寿命数据服从Weibull分布进行假设检验,确定了垫片最高温度应力水平为1123 K。对退化过的垫片进行压缩回弹试验,结果表明,当退化温度高于1123 K时,垫片的压缩回弹性能明显下降,进一步说明最高温度应力水平为1123 K的合理性。

特发性突发性聋患者前庭功能评估的研究现状

特发性突发性聋(突发性聋)是常见的耳科急症,全球范围内发病呈逐年上升趋势,28%~60%患者在听力下降的同时会伴有眩晕等前庭症状,且往往有较重的听力损伤并预后欠佳。30%~80%的突发性聋患者存在前庭功能异常,且无论是否伴有眩晕,都可能存在前庭功能损伤。虽然对突发性聋患者前庭功能的研究和报道日渐增多,但很多方面尚存在争议,为明晰相关问题,我们从突发性聋患者的前庭症状和功能评估文献进行分析和总结,以期对临床实践有所指导。

柴油机复式油气分离器设计与试验验证

设计了一款新型复式油气分离器,采用迷宫式结构作为粗滤组件、滤网作为精滤组件。设计开发了油气分离器部件性能试验台,通过正交试验设计方法设计多方案油气分离器,并基于部件试验台进行多方案性能试验测试。最终设计出满足要求的复式油气分离器,并通过整机试验验证其性能。结果表明,油气分离器综合性能影响因素由强到弱依次为滤网层数、滤网目数、过滤孔孔径、孔数、孔板间距。整机试验发现在300 L/min窜气量下分离效率达到了92.6%,压力损失小于3 kPa,满足发动机使用要求。