大豆双行侧深施肥免耕播种机关键部件设计与试验

针对免耕播种条件下,播种机易于拖堆、堵塞,难以实现深施肥,设计了大豆双行免耕播种机。该机采用限深轮限深、锐角入土施肥铲开沟施肥,然后双圆盘开沟器在肥沟两侧开出种沟,实现垄上双行播种侧深施肥。平板限深轮的直径为300 mm、宽度为200 mm;施肥铲的入土角为40°、入土隙角为10°、圆弧曲率半径为310 mm;双圆盘开沟器两圆盘直径分别为320 mm、间距为130 mm、工作偏角为7°。通过田间试验,结果表明:在播种过程中无堵塞,通过性好;播种深度合格率达90%以上,变异系数小于27.9%;种肥垂直距离合格率90%以上,变异系数小于13.6%,种肥水平距离合格率大于85%,变异系数小于23.8%,能够保证大豆播种的种肥距离要求;晾种情况为0.1粒·m-1,左右行平均出苗数为1.02株·d-1·m-1。该机可满足黑龙江地区大豆免耕播种的农艺要求。

指夹式玉米免耕精密播种机的设计与试验

该文为解决北方地区播种时秸秆量大各地区种植模式差异大,传统玉米免耕精密播种机适应性差、作业效率低、开沟器易堵塞等问题,设计了指夹式玉米免耕精密播种机,分析和确定了施肥开沟器、拨草轮、玉米免耕播种单元等关键部件的结构参数。田间试验表明采用渐开线式齿形拨草轮能有效的将杂草、秸秆拨离苗带,有效防止开沟器堵塞和种子播在秸秆上的现象。在9 km/h的作业速度下,机具播种深度合格率92%,粒距变异系数9.6%,漏播指数2.5%,重播指数4.5%。一次能完成开沟深施肥、拨草整理苗带、单粒精密播种、覆土、镇压覆土作业,土壤搅动小,作业质量满足农艺要求。

免耕播种机开沟圆盘淬火过程的数值模拟

用ANSYS10.0有限元分析软件,建立免耕播种机开沟圆盘淬火过程的数学物理模型,对圆盘水冷、油冷、空冷的温度场和应力场进行模拟分析,确定了该零件的最佳淬火工艺方案。

2BMG-24型小麦免耕播种机设计

在内蒙古、新疆等大型农场,随着大马力拖拉机的增加,中小型小麦免耕播种机已经不能满足动力发展的需要,限制了保护性耕作的推广实施,急需研究与大马力拖拉机配套的大型免耕播种机。本文设计了2BMG-24型小麦免耕播种机,采用控制式密齿型排种器、波纹圆盘和双圆盘组合式开沟施肥播种单体,实现了精少量排种、破茬开沟和种肥分施的小麦免耕播种。田间试验表明:播种深度合格率为91%;排种均匀性变异系数为28%;种子破损率为0.1%。初步田间试验表明该机作业性能与国外同类产品相当。

免耕播种机开沟圆盘材质与加工工艺的研究

免耕播种机开沟圆盘是保护性耕作机具的关键作业部件,其破茬性能以及耐磨性能的好坏直接影响着播种机的播种效果。通过对美国JohnDeere460和spainJD圆盘以及国产圆盘的材质分析结果表明:国外圆盘开沟器采用的是特殊材质钢材料,其金相组织为马氏体组织,而国内采用65Mn钢进行表面处理得到的主要是珠光体+铁素体组织和少量的马氏体。试制圆盘选择特殊材质钢进行整体热处理使其转变为马氏体组织,具有较高的硬度和良好的耐磨性能,从而具有优异的切茬开沟性能,是圆盘开沟器国产化的一个重要途径。

Effects of key design parameters of tine furrow opener on soil seedbed properties

The structural parameters of tine furrow openers have significant effects on soil property of seed furrow in no-till planting,thereby affecting crop growth and yields.In order to analyze the effects of key parameters of tine furrow openers on soil properties(soil bulk density,soil water-stable aggregates(WSA),and soil disturbance)of the surface soil layer of 0-10 cm and surface straw disturbance,the tine furrow openers with different structural parameters,including cutting edge thickness,cutting edge curve,penetration clearance angle and rake angle,were designed and tested under no-till conditions.Orthogonal test and single factor test were performed to analyze the effects of different parameters.Results showed that the rake angle,cutting edge thickness and cutting edge curve had significant effects on cross-sectional area of furrow(Af)and disturbance of surface straw;the rake angle had a significant effect on soil bulk density.Soil types and operating depth had significant effects on soil disturbance caused by tine furrow openers.The concave type tine furrow opener produced the lowest soil disturbance and soil bulk density of seed furrow,the highest surface straw disturbance and the greatest content of WSA(>0.5 mm).With increasing rake angles of tine furrow opener,the width of seedbed(Wsb)and the Af decreased first and then increased,respectively,while the width of soil throw(Wst)and the height of ridge(Hr)increased.The Wsb and Af created by tine furrow opener with 60°rake angle were significantly lower than that with others,respectively.The tine furrow opener with rake angle ranged from 45°to 60°created the lowest soil bulk density.As the penetration clearance angle increased,the content of WSA(>0.5 mm)decreased,but the effect of penetration clearance angle on the content of WSA(<0.5 mm)was not significant.The cutting edge thickness(<2 mm)had no significant effects on soil properties of seedbed.This study could provide a reference for optimal design of the tine furrow opener to create more suitable seedbed environment,and promote the application of the light no-till planters.

2MB-1/2型铺膜播种机研制

为了满足辽宁省朝阳市农业生产的需要,设计了一种铺膜播种机,可以一次性完成铺设滴灌带、铺膜、空中4线路立体覆土、膜上沟内播种和镇压等作业,经田间试验测试,各项性能指标达到了JB/T 7732—2006《铺膜播种机》行业标准的要求。