Design and Kinematic Analysis of a Driving Roller-type No-till Seeding and Hole-forming System

Conventional no-till seeders should cut or remove crop straw and residue,when in operation and thus present a number of problems,including high performance requirements for the cutting component,high power consumption,dust raising and interference from intertwined straw.In view of this,in this study,a driving roller dibbling-type no-till seeding and hole-forming(DGR-NT-SHF)system was designed to be capable of penetrating soil and creating holes without requiring any special preparation of the surface covering.The core mechanism of this system consisted of a land wheel-driven driving roller and a duckbill-type roller seeder,which were internally tangent to one another.The rotating roller rolled the straw into a thin layer,and the duckbills extended from the roller and penetrated this thin layer of straw and subsequently formed the holes and planted the seeds.Based on kinematic analysis,a mathematical model was established to depict the relations between the rear angle of the duckbill(α),the front angle of the duckbill(β),the angular velocity of the duckbill-type roller seeder(ω0),the angular velocity of the roller(ω1),and the aperture of the duckbill outlet on the roller(θ).In contrast to a driven roller-type no-till seeding and hole-forming DNR-NT-SHF system,several parameters of the DGR-NT-SHF system were established for planting seeds at a plant spacing that was an integral multiple of 100 mm:the radius of the duckbill-type roller seeder,200 mm;radius of the roller,400 mm;α,23°;andβ,5°.Based on the analysis of the models using the MATLAB Image Processing Module with a relation betweenω1 and the number of outlets on the roller as the constraint,the optimal number of outlets on the roller and theω1/ω0 ratio were determined to be 21 and 4/7,respectively.Kinematic simulation on a digital prototype was performed using computer aided three-dimensional interactive application(CATIA)to observe the motion of the DGR-NT-SHF system,when the duckbills on the duckbill-type roller seeder were open and to determine the locations of the duckbills relative to the outlets.To ensure the duckbills could be successfully opened,the chord length of the outlets was ultimately determined to be 71 mm.The prototype test results showed that the DGR-NT-SHF system met the design requirements and that the operation was straightforward and reliable.In addition,compared to the DNR-NT-SHF system,the DGR-NT-SHF system performed better in penetration and exerted no impact on the duckbills,thus providing an effective technical option for no-till seeding.

Application of oxygen-sensing technology to measure seed quality of Ginkgo biloba

Germination tests are currently the most widely used method to evaluate seed quality of Ginkgo biloba L., but they are time-consuming and labor intensive. Oxygen-sensing technology, based on the principle of fluorescence quenching to detect oxygen and assess seed quality was used to rapidly evaluate seed quality of two varieties (Shandong Tancheng 202 and Zhejiang Dafoshou) of G. biloba from five mother plants. Fifteen samples of three vigor levels were produced by accelerated aging treatments. This process was applied in duplicate. A portable oxygen-sensing detector was employed to measure oxygen content during seed germination in a closed system at 25 A degrees C each day until day 14. Four oxygen metabolism indices were calculated: oxygen consumption index, oxygen consumption rate, critical oxygen concentration, and theoretical germination time (T (GT)). Additionally, we tested laboratory germination and field emergence. The results of a one-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis showed that T (GT) was the candidate index to evaluate seed quality of G. biloba. Therefore, the T (GT) value was used to validate the reliability of oxygen-sensing evaluation for Zhejiang Dafoshou seeds kept under four storage conditions. The trend in the change in oxygen metabolism agreed completely agreement with that of seed germination under all storage conditions. The oxygen-sensing test reliably and rapidly assessed seed quality of G. biloba. The germination rate of Zhejiang Dafoshou was accurately predicted by T (GT).

Breeding and Seed Production Techniques of New Aromatic Danxiangyouzhenliang Rice Variety with Good Quality and High Yield

Danxiangyouzhenliang rice is a high-quality rice variety derived from the hybrid breeding of Danxiang 12A and Xianghuixiangmiao R133.Its unique temperature-sensitive three-line characteristics endow it with significant advantages of high and stable yield,and its rice fragrance is exquisite and its taste is delicate.Danxiangyouzhenliang rice showed good resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight.On June 10,2021,Danxiangyouzhenliang rice passed the Guangxi Crop Variety Approval(Guishendao 2021074).Danxiangyouzhenliang rice is suitable to be planted as early and late rice in southern,central and northern Guangxi.This study summarized the breeding process and high-yielding seed production techniques of Danxiangyouzhenliang rice,in order to provide useful reference for rice breeders and growers.

Research Progress of Extraction Technology and Application of Chemical Substances in Perilla Seed

Perilla seed is one of the traditional Chinese herbs normally used both as food and medicine for its various functional ingrediems such as protein, amino acids, ct-linolenic acid, flavones, rosmarinic acid, terpenes, polysaccharides, etc.. Pefilla seed is with physiological features in slowing down decrepitude, lower- ing blood pressure, cholesterol, inhibiting cancer cell differentiation, and improving body immune. The present paper summarized research progress at home and abroad on chemical component analysis, extraction technology and application status of perilla seed in the fields of feed, health care, food and chemical industry in recent years, in order to provide a reference basis for reasonable development of perilla seed.

Seed Propagation Technology and Quality Standards of Zhuoyou 1032

The breeder’s seeds of 56 A are produced through individual selection,sib mating in pairs and selection in isolation zone(net) plant line nursery.The foundation seeds are produced by isolated propagation of the breeder’s seeds,and the sterile line seeds for field production are produced by isolated propagation of the foundation seeds.The breeder’s seeds of restorer line 8020 R are produced by bagging and selfing and selection in isolation zone(net) plant line nursery,and the foundation seeds are produced by re-propagation.The hybrid seed production requires better isolation conditions,which can be realized using natural forests,mountains,rivers,roads(railways,highways),houses,etc.,and the isolation distance in open areas is equal to or larger than 800 m.It also requires early sowing of the male parent,so that the male parent can make full use of the light and temperature resources before winter to grow vegetatively,forming strong male parent plants that can provide more pollen.The seeds of the male parent are sown on September 8-10,and those of the female seeds are sown on September 12-16.Quality test is conducted during breeding and seed production in accordance with relevant national standards.The purity standards of the parent seeds are as follows: purity≥99%,neatness≥98%,germination rate≥80%,moisture≤9%,glucosinolate content≤20 μmol/g,and erucic acid content≤0.5%;the quality standards for parental field production seeds are as follows: purity≥98%,neatness≥98%,germination rate≥80% and moisture≤9%;and quality standards for hybrid seeds: purity≥85%,neatness≥98%,germination rate≥80% and moisture≤9%.

A comprehensive review of bioactive compounds and processing technology of sesame seed

Sesame seeds are promulgated as traditional high-quality edible oil crops,rich in lipid(40–65%),protein(19–35%),and bioactive compounds.The review starts with bioactive components(fatty acid,tocopherol,phytosterol,sesamin,sesamolin,and sesamol)of sesame seeds.It considers processing techniques for extracting oil(aqueous extraction and pressing)from seeds.Novel technologies,such as enzyme-assisted aqueous,supercritical CO_(2),and microwave-assisted solvent extraction,are also discussed.The methods of utilization of sesame seed cake are also analyzed.In the future,the processing technology of sesame seed will be further developed in the direction of improving comprehensive utilization rate to meet new consumption demand.

Processing technology of Camellia oleifera seed

Camellia oleifera industry plays a key role in the safety of edible oils in China,and its seed has great potential for comprehensive utilization.This review mainly introduced processing technology of Camellia seed,which included pretreatment,extraction,and high value utilization.The comprehensive utilization and nutritional value of Camellia seed were discussed.Microwave is the best pretreatment method,and shelling technology can improve oil yield.Cold pressing technology was widely accepted and aqueous enzymatic method had wide prospects.Comprehensive utilization technology of Camellia oleifera cake mainly focused on saponin extracting.In the future,processing technology of Camellia seed will be further developed in the direction of improving comprehensive utilization rate to meet new consumption demand.

Innovation and development of the third-generation hybrid rice technology

The breeding and large-scale application of hybrid rice contribute significantly to the food supply worldwide.Currently,hybrid seed production uses cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)lines or photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile(PTGMS)lines as female parent.Despite huge successes,both systems have intrinsic problems.CMS systems are mainly restricted by the narrow restorer resources that make it difficult to breed superior hybrids,while PTGMS systems are limited by conditional sterility of the male sterile lines that makes the propagation of both PTGMS seeds and hybrid seeds vulnerable to unpredictable climate changes.Recessive nuclear male sterile(NMS)lines insensitive to environmental conditions are widely distributed and are ideal for hybrid rice breeding and production,but the lack of effective ways to propagate the pure NMS lines in a large scale renders it impossible to use them for hybrid rice production.The development of"the third-generation hybrid rice technology"enables efficient propagation of the pure NMS lines in commercial scale.This paper discusses the establishment of"the thirdgeneration hybrid rice technology"and further innovations.This new technology breaks the limitations of CMS and PTGMS systems and will bring a big leap forward in hybrid rice production.

Preliminary study on treatment of waste organic matter from livestock by bacteria-mineral technology

The present study dealt with relationships between the degradation and humification process that the organic matter underwent during bacteria-mineral technology. An inverse correlation was found between the protein, lipid, and some of the humification indices considered, suggesting that the humification theory is actually humic substances produced from simple-structured natural organic substrates. Weight-average molecular weight （Mw）, number-average molecular weight （Mn）, and the ratio Mw/Mn of dissolved organic matters at different stages of the process were measured by gel permeation chromatography. The results showed that Mn and Mw increased with reaction time from 352 to 17,191, and from 78,707 to 104,564, respectively. The ratio of Mn/Mw decreased from 223.3 to 6.1. This reflected the growth of the polymerization degree of dissolvable organic matters in the process; furthermore, it indicated the formation of complex molecules （humic substances） from more simple molecules. Bacteria-mineral water （BMW） （the effluent of the process） treatments can exert hormone-like activity for enhanced seed germination of wheat and rice and greatly improved chlorophyll synthesis in wheat and rice leaves, Major polyamines （plant regulators） putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, were found in BMW by a high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method, which may explain the hormone-like activity of BMW.

Design and experiment of the key components of the seeding monomer for high-speed corn no-till seeders

Aiming at the problems of uneven plant spacing,row spacing and sowing depth due to the collision of seeds with the tube wall or bouncing on the floor of the seed guide tube with the increase of operation speed of the current corn no-till planter,in this study,the high-speed seed belt technology was combined with the finger clip seed discharge device,a kind of high-speed no-till planter monomer was designed and installed in high-speed seed tube.At the same time,simulation analysis was made on the movement law of seeds in the seed guide tube when they fell from the finger clip seeder and the main structural parameters and the range of key parameters of the high-speed seed tube were determined.Through the prototype,the single-factor and quadratic orthogonal rotational combination test method,and the machine operating speed,the height of the high-speed seed tube and the seed guide angle were selected as the test factors in the seeding performance test.After parameter optimization,the optimal working parameters were determined:the machine forward speed was 12.18 km/h,the height of the high-speed seed tube from the ground was 42.22 mm,and the seed guide angle of the high-speed seed tube was 8.82°.The field test verified that under this parameter combination,the qualified-seeding index was 94.95%,the multiple-seeding index was 2.37%,and the missing-seeding index was 2.48%,showing stable working performance and satisfied the sowing and agronomic requirements of the no-till seeding operation.

我国大豆种业科技创新发展现状及对策建议

我国是大豆消费和进口大国,推动大豆产业振兴、强化大豆种业科技创新对于保障我国粮饲安全意义重大。结合2016年以来我国大豆种植面积、产量、进口量等数据及相关研究进展,深入分析我国大豆产业所面临的刚性需求量大且长期依靠进口、平均单产水平低且种植面积受限、大豆进口面临潜在风险且不易疏解等形势挑战,简述了“十三五”期间我国大豆种业科技创新发展成效,系统分析了我国大豆种业科技创新面临的种质资源研究水平不高、原始科技创新能力不足、商业化育种体系不完善、知识产权保护体系滞后等问题,并据此提出我国大豆种业科技创新发展的对策建议,以期为推动我国大豆种业科技自立自强提供重要参考。

山东省水产种业高质量发展战略研究

山东是我国渔业大省,肩负着打造“蓝色粮仓”,构筑“海上田园”的重要使命。山东省水产种业的高质量发展,对于贯彻落实“大食物观”,保障我国水产品的持续、多样供给具有重要意义。本文基于文献分析、实地调研等方式,系统地梳理了山东省水产种业发展现状,指出了山东省水产种业在顶层设计规划、优异种质资源收集与保存、高效育种技术创新与应用、突破性新品种培育以及种业龙头企业打造等方面存在的不足,有针对性地提出了山东省养殖鱼类、贝类、虾蟹、参藻种业以及种业经济发展的远景目标、重点任务和行动建议,以期为山东省水产种业高质量发展提供参考。

新时代种业科技人才队伍发展现状与对策研究

种业安全关系到国家安全,种业科技人员的素质决定了种业科技创新水平。以182名种业科技人员为研究对象,通过线上问卷和现场座谈的方式,深入分析当前种业科技人才队伍的科研工作现状和存在的问题,并从优化种业科技人才考核评价机制、细化利益分配机制、科企融合发展激发种业人才创新活力三个方面提出建设高素质新时代种业科技队伍、推动种业振兴发展的对策建议。

北京种业科技创新的国际比较及提升路径研究

科技创新是种业发展的关键。北京是全国种业科技基础最雄厚、创新资源集聚、创新主体活跃的地区之一。对标发达国家种业,从种质资源、育种技术、研发模式和种业企业竞争力4个方面对北京种业科技创新进行比较,剖析制约北京种业科技创新的关键问题。聚焦北京种业科技创新引领,从加强种质资源保护利用、开展育种关键技术联合攻关、深化种业体制改革、完善育种创新政策支持体系、推动部市协同形成合力等方面提出了北京种业科技创新发展的提升路径,以期为推进国家种业科技创新提供参考。

基于高光谱成像技术对菜心种子霉变的识别

为了鉴别健康与霉变菜心种子,本研究通过高光谱成像技术获得健康与霉变菜心种子光谱,建立判别模型。基于原始光谱和9种预处理后光谱建立支持向量机判别(SVM-DA)模型,发现基于一阶导数预处理后光谱的模型表现最出色,建模集和预测集的准确率分别为95.87%和95.74%。为了去除冗余或不必要的信息,采用遗传算法(GA)对原始光谱和各种预处理后光谱进行波段筛选,并再次建立SVM-DA模型,在这些模型中,FD-GA-SVM-DA模型性能最优,建模集和预测集准确率分别达97.71%和96.81%。研究表明,基于高光谱技术鉴别健康和霉变菜心种子具有可行性。

江西省现代种业发展现状、问题和对策建议

通过对江西省涉农科研单位、种业公司、涉农管理部门进行调研和访谈,总结了江西省现代种业的发展现状及其存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策建议。结果表明:近年来,江西省种业发展取得了积极的成效,但仍存在农业种质资源保护不全、种业科技创新水平不高、种业企业竞争实力不强、种业监管保障能力不足等问题,并提出了健全相关法律法规、培育壮大龙头种业企业、加大种质资源保护利用力度、提升种业科技创新能力、完善种业监管保障体系等政策建议,以期为江西省现代种业高质量发展和保障国家粮食安全提供参考依据。

道地中药材金果榄种子育苗技术

以金果榄(Tinosporae Radix)基原植物青牛胆[Tinospora sagittata(Oliv.)Gagnep.]实生种子进行大棚育苗,并检测一、二年生金果榄种苗的农艺性状及二年生金果榄种苗干燥块根的古伦宾含量。对一年生金果榄种苗喷施MS营养液,检测其农艺性状并分析各性状之间的相关性。结果表明,金果榄种苗株高、主根长、块根随种植时间呈增长趋势,二年生苗叶片数在6—7月无明显增加;种苗叶形指数、块根形指数分别在5月龄、17月龄后无明显变化;二年生金果榄种苗干燥块根EP理论塔板数均>5 000、古伦宾含量均>2%,水分含量均<13.0%,符合药典规定。MS营养液处理促进了一年生金果榄种苗株高增长、叶片数增加和块根的形成,种苗株高、叶宽、茎粗与地下块根鲜重呈显著正相关,块根鲜重与块根纵径、块根横径、块根形指数呈显著正相关,块根横径、块根纵径、块根形指数之间均呈极显著正相关。叶形指数与叶长、叶宽之间无相关关系,而块根形指数与块根纵、横径之间呈正相关。

免耕播种机播深智能控制系统设计

免耕播种机作为免耕播种技术的核心装备,播种深度的精准控制直接影响作物的生长发育。为了进一步提高免耕播种机智能控制系统的稳定性,构建免耕播种机播深自动控制系统,系统阐述其工作原理与流程,并对关键控制模块及设备进行设计与选型。系统测试试验表明,该系统通过充分利用先进的传感器和算法技术,系统响应时间在0.12~0.18 s之间,能够根据不同作物和土壤条件,自动调整播种深度,并取得了良好的播种效果和产量表现。

嘉宝果种子繁殖技术研究

为推进嘉宝果产业在漳州市南靖县的发展,采用种子播种法对嘉宝果的繁殖技术进行研究。通过对沙巴嘉宝果的种子繁殖技术进行跟踪,考察了种子的获取方式、浸种温度、浸种时间、荫棚温度、荫棚相对湿度对种子发芽率的影响,结果表明采用发酵漂洗法可有效提高种子的成熟度,促进种子的发芽;浸种温度、浸种时间、荫棚温度、荫棚相对湿度4个因素对嘉宝果种子的发芽率均有较大的影响,最佳的种子发芽条件为浸种温度40℃、浸种时间32 h、荫棚温度25℃、荫棚相对湿度80%,在此条件下嘉宝果种子的发芽率为90.18%±0.07%,发芽时间仅需24 d。

青花菜雄性不育杂交制种技术

青花菜目前大多采用雄性不育杂交制种,前期由于缺乏经验,制种产量低,种子品质差,一定程度上制约了新品种的推广应用。通过多年的试验与摸索,台州市农业科学研究院西兰花课题组总结出了一套“三控一补”青花菜高产制种技术,提高了制种产量和种子品质,加速了新品种的推广速度。