In Japan, common wheat is cultivated in upland fields converted from paddy fields, where poor drainage and high precipitation cause delay of sowing, lodging at the jointing stage, difficulty in topdressing at the ripe...In Japan, common wheat is cultivated in upland fields converted from paddy fields, where poor drainage and high precipitation cause delay of sowing, lodging at the jointing stage, difficulty in topdressing at the ripening stage, and low yield. No-till cultivation has been promoted to overcome these problems but the yield is still low due to the lack of proper fertilizer application protocols. In this study, we determined whether an additional application of two kinds of Sigmoid coated urea as controlled availability fertilizers (CAFs) to the standard fertilization protocol for tillage cultivation can increase the yield and lodging resistance in no-till cultivated common wheat. Also, additional fertilization was applied to the seeding furrow simultaneously with seeding using a V-furrow no-till direct sowing (VFDS) machine. No-till cultivated plants had more tillers than tillage cultivated ones and consequently higher number of panicles and yield, caused by increased fertilizer application. The point-injected CAFs to the seeding furrow, which eluted at the jointing and ripening stages greatly increased the grain yield and protein content, respectively, compared to broadcast topdressing of ammonium sulfate at each stage. The simultaneous sowing and fertilization of additional CAFs using VFDS method in multi-year tests in farmers’ fields significantly increased the yield of no-till cultivated common wheat, and can be adopted by Japanese local farmers.展开更多
Structure and sowing principles of rice rope direct seeding machine are introduced. In order to test the machine＇ s working performance, such as compacting effect, sowing depth, influence of sowing device to rice rop...Structure and sowing principles of rice rope direct seeding machine are introduced. In order to test the machine＇ s working performance, such as compacting effect, sowing depth, influence of sowing device to rice rope, etc., field experiments were conducted. It is concluded that mean slip ratio of compacting wheel 1 is 4.44%, wheel 2 is 5.58%, wheel 3 is 7.81%, and wheel 4 is 6.96%; mean depth of planting is 29.72 mm, and mean variability coefficient of planting depth is 6.39%. Maximum variability coefficient of planting depth is 8.40%. Rice rope＇s snapping is closely related with the machine＇s speed and guide thread wheel by sowing device orthogonal experiments. Test results show that the machine has a rational design, safe work and meets to the requirements of planting. This study has laid the foundation for further studying the project.展开更多
In order to reduce the weight and energy consumption of the whole machine against the heavy mechanical structure and excessive strength redundancy in current small-scale peanut seeders with one ridge and two rows,a fi...In order to reduce the weight and energy consumption of the whole machine against the heavy mechanical structure and excessive strength redundancy in current small-scale peanut seeders with one ridge and two rows,a finite element model of the frame was established and the static finite element analysis and modal analysis were conducted with ANSYS Workbench.Sensitivity analysis that focuses on the size of intermediate support beams and other components was performed so as to set up a multi-objective optimization model.Then a size optimization and multi-objective optimization collaborative scheme was adopted so that the target was optimized by the Seagull Optimization Algorithm(SOA)to obtain the optimal solution.Based on the results of the finite element analysis,the mechanical structure of the peanut seeder was optimized for lightweight design.Furthermore,response surface plots and static structural analysis were applied for validation.It turned out that the maximum stress of the optimized structure was less than the allowable stress;the weight of the frame reduced by 32.5%after optimization;and the first-order natural frequency did not coincide with the engine input speed or working speed,thus no resonance will occur.Field experiments showed that the qualified rate of row spacing was≥96%when operating at different speeds of different types of seeders;The seeding depth operation performance was stable,with an average qualified rate of seeding depth of≥92%;The performance of the seeders was also stable and reliable due to the lightweight prototype structure.The research outcomes can provide an effective technical reference and theoretical basis for the lightweight design of peanut seeders and for its continuous improvement as well in the future.展开更多
Sowing depth has an important impact on the performance of no-tillage planters,it is one of the key factors to ensure rapid germination.However,the consistency of sowing depth is easily affected by the complex environ...Sowing depth has an important impact on the performance of no-tillage planters,it is one of the key factors to ensure rapid germination.However,the consistency of sowing depth is easily affected by the complex environment of no-tillage operation.In order to improve the performance of no-tillage planters and improve the control precision of sowing depth,an intelligent depth regulation system was designed.Three Flex sensors installed on the inner surface of the gauge wheel at 120°intervals were used to monitor the downward force exerted by the seeding row unit against ground.The peak value of the output voltage of the sensor increased linearly with the increase of the downward force.In addition,the pneumatic spring was used as a downforce generator,and its intelligent regulation model was established by the Mamdani fuzzy algorithm,which can realize the control of the downward force exerted by the seeding row unit against ground and ensure the proper seeding depth.The working process was simulated based on MATLAB-Simulink,and the results showed that the Mamdani fuzzy model performed well in changing the pressure against ground.Field results showed that when the operating speed was 6 km/h,8 km/h and 10 km/h,the error of the system’s control of sowing depth was±9 mm,±12 mm,and±22 mm,respectively,and its sowing performance was significantly higher than that of the unadjusted passive operation.展开更多
文摘In Japan, common wheat is cultivated in upland fields converted from paddy fields, where poor drainage and high precipitation cause delay of sowing, lodging at the jointing stage, difficulty in topdressing at the ripening stage, and low yield. No-till cultivation has been promoted to overcome these problems but the yield is still low due to the lack of proper fertilizer application protocols. In this study, we determined whether an additional application of two kinds of Sigmoid coated urea as controlled availability fertilizers (CAFs) to the standard fertilization protocol for tillage cultivation can increase the yield and lodging resistance in no-till cultivated common wheat. Also, additional fertilization was applied to the seeding furrow simultaneously with seeding using a V-furrow no-till direct sowing (VFDS) machine. No-till cultivated plants had more tillers than tillage cultivated ones and consequently higher number of panicles and yield, caused by increased fertilizer application. The point-injected CAFs to the seeding furrow, which eluted at the jointing and ripening stages greatly increased the grain yield and protein content, respectively, compared to broadcast topdressing of ammonium sulfate at each stage. The simultaneous sowing and fertilization of additional CAFs using VFDS method in multi-year tests in farmers’ fields significantly increased the yield of no-till cultivated common wheat, and can be adopted by Japanese local farmers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50775150)
文摘Structure and sowing principles of rice rope direct seeding machine are introduced. In order to test the machine＇ s working performance, such as compacting effect, sowing depth, influence of sowing device to rice rope, etc., field experiments were conducted. It is concluded that mean slip ratio of compacting wheel 1 is 4.44%, wheel 2 is 5.58%, wheel 3 is 7.81%, and wheel 4 is 6.96%; mean depth of planting is 29.72 mm, and mean variability coefficient of planting depth is 6.39%. Maximum variability coefficient of planting depth is 8.40%. Rice rope＇s snapping is closely related with the machine＇s speed and guide thread wheel by sowing device orthogonal experiments. Test results show that the machine has a rational design, safe work and meets to the requirements of planting. This study has laid the foundation for further studying the project.
基金This work was financially supported by the National key R&D plan(Grant No.2022YFD2300101)Shandong Peanut Industry Technology System Construction Plan(Grant No.SDAIT-04-09).
文摘In order to reduce the weight and energy consumption of the whole machine against the heavy mechanical structure and excessive strength redundancy in current small-scale peanut seeders with one ridge and two rows,a finite element model of the frame was established and the static finite element analysis and modal analysis were conducted with ANSYS Workbench.Sensitivity analysis that focuses on the size of intermediate support beams and other components was performed so as to set up a multi-objective optimization model.Then a size optimization and multi-objective optimization collaborative scheme was adopted so that the target was optimized by the Seagull Optimization Algorithm(SOA)to obtain the optimal solution.Based on the results of the finite element analysis,the mechanical structure of the peanut seeder was optimized for lightweight design.Furthermore,response surface plots and static structural analysis were applied for validation.It turned out that the maximum stress of the optimized structure was less than the allowable stress;the weight of the frame reduced by 32.5%after optimization;and the first-order natural frequency did not coincide with the engine input speed or working speed,thus no resonance will occur.Field experiments showed that the qualified rate of row spacing was≥96%when operating at different speeds of different types of seeders;The seeding depth operation performance was stable,with an average qualified rate of seeding depth of≥92%;The performance of the seeders was also stable and reliable due to the lightweight prototype structure.The research outcomes can provide an effective technical reference and theoretical basis for the lightweight design of peanut seeders and for its continuous improvement as well in the future.
基金by the National Key R&D Plan Project(Grant No.2016YFD070030201)。
文摘Sowing depth has an important impact on the performance of no-tillage planters,it is one of the key factors to ensure rapid germination.However,the consistency of sowing depth is easily affected by the complex environment of no-tillage operation.In order to improve the performance of no-tillage planters and improve the control precision of sowing depth,an intelligent depth regulation system was designed.Three Flex sensors installed on the inner surface of the gauge wheel at 120°intervals were used to monitor the downward force exerted by the seeding row unit against ground.The peak value of the output voltage of the sensor increased linearly with the increase of the downward force.In addition,the pneumatic spring was used as a downforce generator,and its intelligent regulation model was established by the Mamdani fuzzy algorithm,which can realize the control of the downward force exerted by the seeding row unit against ground and ensure the proper seeding depth.The working process was simulated based on MATLAB-Simulink,and the results showed that the Mamdani fuzzy model performed well in changing the pressure against ground.Field results showed that when the operating speed was 6 km/h,8 km/h and 10 km/h,the error of the system’s control of sowing depth was±9 mm,±12 mm,and±22 mm,respectively,and its sowing performance was significantly higher than that of the unadjusted passive operation.
