Effects of Ploughing Astragalus sinicus at Maturity Stage on Rice Yield and Soil Properties of Paddy Field

[Objective] The effects of ploughing Astragalus sinicus at maturity stage as green manure on paddy soil properties were studied to provide references for ad- vancing the green manure production and field sustainable development. [Methods] A three-year field positioning experiment was carried out. In the first year, five differ- ent levels （0, 2.81, 5.61, 8.42, 11.23 t/hm~） of Astragalus sinicus ploughed at matu- rity stage were designed. And in the next two years, the amounts of ploughed As- tragalus sinicus at maturity stage were based on the natural growth amounts of As- tragalus sinicus at maturity stage of the former year in each plot field. The yields of Astragalus sinicus at maturity stage were estimated and ploughed directly before rice transplanting. Rice yield, soil nutrients, biological properties and water-stable aggre- gates of paddy fields were measured as well. [Results] The effective panicles and rice yields increased significantly after ploughing Astragalus sinicus at maturity stage. Meanwhile, the organic acid content in paddy field increased and the activities of soil phosphatases, invertase and catalase were higher. The soil dissolved organic carbon also increased with the increasing application of green manure. However, excess amount of green manure inhibited the soil microbial biomass carbon content. The macro aggregates and micro aggregates gathered to middle aggregates. [Conclusion] As green manure, the use of Astragalus sinicus at maturity stage could improve soil physiochemical and biological properties, improve soil fertility and increase rice yield significantly. But the ploughing amount of Astragalus sinicus at maturity stage before rice transplanting should be less than 8.42 t/hm2 （dry weight.

Effects of Rice Husk and Rice Husk Charcoal on Soil Physicochemical Properties, Rice Growth and Yield

To investigate the effect of the application of rice husk (RH) and rice husk charcoal (RHC) on soil properties and rice production, pot experiment comprising of five treatments was conducted. Soil was mixed at the rate of 0 (control), 2% and 4% (w/w) with RH and RHC, respectively with randomized complete block design (RCBD). RHC incorporation had a potential to reduce the acidity of the soil, whereas, RH incorporation had almost no effect on the pH of the soil. RH and RHC amendment both increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity, saturated water content, plant available water and field capacity but decreased the bulk density of soil. Crop growth components at harvest revealed that the highest plant height was recorded in RH4%. However, for the panicle length, panicle weight and number of tillers, the highest value was found in RHC2%, 14.2 cm, 4.0 g and 28.8 cm, respectively. Furthermore, number of panicle, 1000-grains weight and grain yield were also found highest in RHC2%, 22.4 g and 4.41 t/ha, respectively. However, for the number of grain per panicle and percentage of filled grain, the highest value was found in RH4%, 79.0 and 88.5, respectively. The grain yield increased by 38%, 28%, 18% and 22% and the biological yield increased by 27%, 18%, 14%, and 16% for RHC2%, RHC4%, RH2%, and RH4%, respectively, compared to that of the control;however, the significant difference was found only for RHC2% for both. The harvest index increased under all application rates of RH and RHC compared to that of control.

Long-Term No-Tillage Direct Seeding Mode for Water-Saving and Drought-Resistance Rice Production in Rice-Rapeseed Rotation System

To study the effects of long-term no-tillage direct seeding mode on rice yield and the soil physiochemical property in a rice-rapeseed rotation system, a comparative experiment with a water-saving and drought-resistance rice （WDR） variety and a double low rapeseed variety as materials was conducted under no-tillage direct seeding （NTDS） mode and conventional tillage direct seeding （CTDS） mode for four years, using the CTDS mode as the control. Compared with the CTDS mode, the actual rice yield of WDR decreased by 8.10% at the first year, whereas the plant height, spikelet number per panicle, spikelet fertility, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, actual yield, and harvest index increased with no-tillage years, which led to the actual yield increase by 6.49% at the fourth year. Correlation analysis showed that the panicle length was significantly related to the actual yield of WDR. Compared with the CTDS mode in terms of the soil properties, the pH value of the NTDS mode decreased every year, whereas the contents of soil organic matter and total N of the NTDS mode increased. In the 0-5 cm layer of the NTDS mode, the soil bulk decreased, whereas the contents of soil organic matter, total N, and available N increased. In the 5-20 cm layer of the NTDS mode, the available N and K decreased, whereas the soil bulk, contents of soil organic matter, and total N increased. In summary, the NTDS mode increased the rice yield, and could improve the paddy soil fertility of the top layer.

Influences of mechanized tillage and sowing modes on soil physical properties,soybean yield and economic benefits in mollisols region of Northeast China

Appropriate mechanized straw returning and tillage sowing techniques were effective means to optimize soil physical properties and enhance agricultural productivity,as well as important measures for the conservation and restoration of mollisols region in Northeast China.Under the condition of full-scale maize straw returning,four mechanized tillage and sowing modes were set,including plough tillage and sowing(PTS),combined tillage and sowing(CTS),no-tillage and sowing(NTS),and no-tillage and sowing with straw mulching(NTSM).In 2020 and 2021,the study investigated the effects of different mechanized tillage and sowing modes on soil physical properties,soybean yield and economic benefits.The results showed that during the pod-setting and pod-filling period of soybean,the NTS and NTSM treatments exhibited better effects on deep soil insulation and shallow soil moisture retention,the soil physical structure of PTS and CTS treatments were relatively ideal.Compared with PTS and CTS treatments,NTS and NTSM treatments significantly increased soil gravimetric water content(SWC)by 2.35%to 7.98%in the 5-15 cm soil layer and increased soil temperature(ST)by 3.94%to 10.42%in the 25-35 cm soil layer(p<0.05),significantly increased soil bulk density(SBD)by 2.98%to 6.72%and significantly reduced soil total porosity(STP)by 3.88%to 6.53%in the 5-25 cm soil layer,and significantly reduced soil gas phase ratio by 8.26%to 6.27%at the 15-25 cm soil layers,which caused soil three-phase ratio(STPR)of PTS and CTS treatment in 15-25 cm soil layer were relatively ideal.The soybean yield of NTSM treatment in 2020 was not significantly different from PTS and CTS treatment(p>0.05),the soybean yield of NTSM treatment in 2021 significantly increased by 7.30%and 5.84%over PTS and CTS treatments,respectively.And the average annual profit per unit area of NTSM treatment increased by 12.84%,12.41%and 8.57%compared with PTS,CTS and NTS treatments,respectively.Therefore,it was recommended to combine NTSM technique with PTS or CTS technique in a maize-soybean rotation system in mollisols region.The research results provided reference for the selection of appropriate mechanized tillage and sowing techniques in Northeast China’s mollisols region and had important guiding significance and practical value for the construction of rational plow layers and the implementation of conservation tillage.

Growth, Metabolism and Yield of Rice Cultivated in Soils Amended with Fly Ash and Cyanobacteria and Metal Loads in Plant Parts

Soil amendment with fly ash（FA） and combined supplementation with N_2-fixing cyanobacteria masses as biofertilizer were done in field experiments with rice. Amendments with FA levels, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 10.0 kg/m2, caused increase in growth and yield of rice up to 8.0 kg/m2, monitored with several parameters. Pigment contents and enzyme activities of leaves were enhanced by FA, with the maximum level of FA at 10.0 kg/m2. Protein content of rice seeds was the highest in plants grown at FA level 4.0 kg/m2. Basic soil properties, p H value, percentage of silt, percentage of clay, water-holding capacity, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and organic carbon content increased due to the FA amendment. Parallel supplementation of FA amended plots with 1.0 kg/m2 N_2-fixing cyanobacteria mass caused further significant increments of the most soil properties, and rice growth and yield parameters. 1000-grain weight of rice plants grown at FA level 4.0 kg/m2 along with cyanobacteria supplementation was the maximum. Cyanobacteria supplementation caused increase of important basic properties of soil including the total N-content. Estimations of elemental content in soils and plant parts（root and seed） were done by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Accumulations of K, P, Fe and several plant micronutrients（Mn, Ni, Co, Zn and Cu） and toxic elements（Pb, Cr and Cd） increased in soils and plant parts as a function of the FA gradation, but Na content remained almost unchanged in soils and seeds. Supplementation of cyanobacteria had ameliorating effect on toxic metal contents of soils and plant parts. The FA level 4.0 kg/m2, with 1.0 kg/m2 cyanobacteria mass supplementation, could be taken ideal, since there would be recharging of the soil with essential micronutrients as well as toxic chemicals in comparative lesser proportions, and cyanobacteria mass would cause lessening toxic metal loads with usual N_2-fixation.

节水灌溉下秸秆还田形式对黑土区稻田N_(2)O排放与产量的影响

为探寻不同灌溉模式下秸秆还田形式对黑土区稻田N_(2)O排放与产量的影响,于2023年进行大田试验,设置常规灌溉(F)与控制灌溉(C)两种灌溉模式,同时设置秸秆还田(S)、秸秆炭化为生物炭还田(B)、秸秆过牛腹为有机肥还田(O)3种还田形式,以及秸秆不还田(N)作为对照组,共计8个处理。分析不同灌溉模式下秸秆还田形式对稻田N_(2)O排放通量与水稻产量的影响,测定了水稻各生育期稻田土壤铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量、微生物氮含量、pH值,并分析了N_(2)O排放总量和水稻产量与土壤环境因子之间的关系。结果表明:除返青期外,与秸秆不还田处理相比,秸秆还田与有机肥还田处理土壤铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量、微生物氮含量均表现为增加。相同秸秆还田形式下,控制灌溉模式下各处理生育期内土壤平均铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量较常规灌溉模式高36.23%~60.82%、14.16%~19.61%。同时,秸秆还田与生物炭还田能提高稻田土壤pH值。相同灌溉模式下,与秸秆不还田处理相比较,秸秆还田与有机肥还田处理N_(2)O排放总量分别增加14.44%~24.09%、8.22%~14.44%,生物炭还田处理N_(2)O排放总量降低14.31%~23.90%。生物炭还田与有机肥还田各处理水稻产量提高3.28%~13.07%,其中控制灌溉模式下生物炭还田处理产量最高。综上所述,控制灌溉下生物炭还田可以实现节水、增产、减排的目的。

有机肥部分替代化肥对水稻产量和土壤理化性质的影响

为探明有机肥部分替代化肥对水稻生产及土壤地力水平的影响,促进水稻生产化肥减量增效。以早、晚稻为试验材料,采用田间试验方法,研究不施肥(CK_(1))、常规施肥(CK_(2))、有机肥替代15%氮肥(T_(1))、有机肥替代30%氮肥(T_(2))对早、晚稻产量、品质以及土壤理化性质、矿质元素等养分含量的影响。结果表明,与CK_(2)相比,T_(1)、T_(2)处理早、晚稻产量均有所提升,分别增加5.03%~10.13%、6.17%~12.96%,稻米加工、外观品质相关指标未见明显变化趋势。T_(1)、T_(2)处理较CK_(2)土壤pH值、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均显著提升,矿质元素锰、锌、铜有效态含量呈现不同程度的增加趋势。另外,T_(1)、T_(2)处理的氮肥利用率与偏生产力均高于CK_(2),且呈现随氮肥替代比例增加而下降的趋势。试验条件下,有机肥部分替代氮肥既能维持水稻高产又能有效提升稻田养分利用效率,其中替代15%氮肥是适宜当地水稻生产较佳的一种化肥减量增效技术措施。

3种不同绿肥翻压对水稻产量、养分累积及土壤性质的影响

本研究旨在探究不同绿肥品种之间的生长差异及其翻压后对水稻产量、养分累积及土壤性质的影响。以冬闲田(CK)为对照,选取紫云英、光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆3种常见的绿肥品种,进行大田试验,分析绿肥生长期间的性状差异及其翻压后对后茬水稻的产量、品质、养分累积和土壤性质等。结果表明,3种绿肥中株高和生物量的表现均为光叶苕子>箭筈豌豆>紫云英,以光叶苕子最优,适合作为该地区种植的品种;绿肥翻压后水稻产量较CK有了明显的提高,其中光叶苕子翻压后水稻产量达到10.47 t/hm2,比CK高出58.88%;绿肥翻压能够提升水稻的食味值及养分累积,与CK相比,紫云英、光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆处理的水稻食味值分别提高5.58%、9.46%、11.16%,水稻秸秆全钾累积量分别提高50.88%、42.87%、67.70%,水稻籽粒全氮累积量分别提高17.25%、45.62%、47.74%,水稻籽粒全钾累积量分别提高17.96%、54.28%、48.88%,水稻地上部全磷总累积分别提高11.32%、62.16%、27.41%,全钾总累积量分别提高45.53%、44.73%、64.64%,其中以光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆的综合效果最佳;绿肥翻压能够提升土壤的性质,具有改良土壤肥力的潜力,其中箭筈豌豆处理与CK相比pH提高2.96%、有机质增加10.05%、全氮含量增加4.41%等,紫云英处理与CK相比有机质增加1.43%、全氮含量增加24.25%、全磷含量增加9.20%、速效磷含量增加10.95%。综上,光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆的生物量和养分累积量均较高,其翻压后能够提高水稻的产量、食味值、养分累积,推荐作为该地区种植的绿肥品种;紫云英、箭筈豌豆翻压具有增加土壤肥力的潜力,箭筈豌豆的效果较好。该研究可为苏北地区绿肥的利用与农业可持续生产提供理论依据。

稻-蛙-麦穗鱼复合种养对稻田土壤理化性质和水稻产量的影响

为探究稻、蛙、鱼复合种养模式对稻田土壤理化性质和水稻产量的影响,于2022年5—10月在长沙县路口镇明月村开展大田试验,以不施化肥农药的水稻单作(CK)和常规水稻单作(HX)为对照,设置稻+牛蛙+麦穗鱼(DNY)、稻+黑斑蛙+麦穗鱼(DHY)2种复合种养模式,对不同模式土壤的养分含量、理化性质和水稻产量进行比较分析。结果表明:在土壤养分方面,DHY和DNY处理均能提高土壤中的速效养分含量,因为蛙类与鱼类的活动可以加快全量养分的溶解,从而提高土壤中的养分含量;在土壤物理性质方面,稻鱼共生82 d后,与HX处理相比,DHY处理的土壤总孔隙度、土壤毛管持水量、土壤毛管孔隙度分别提高了14.7%、31.7%、16.6%,容重则降低了7.1%,且差异均达到显著水平;在水稻产量方面,各处理的实际产量均无显著差异。综上所述,稻—蛙—麦穗鱼复合种养模式有利于提高土壤养分,增加土壤有机质含量,改善土壤结构,且能够达到稳产的目的。

湘南红壤稻田经济绿肥培肥增产效果研究

为改良湘南红壤稻作区土壤和提高农民收入,研究通过6 a定位试验,以稻—冬闲为对照,分析比较了稻—萝卜、稻—蚕豆、稻—豌豆3种模式下的水稻产量、土壤理化性质和综合经济效益。结果表明:3种经济绿肥模式下的水稻产量均有显著提升,连续种植经济绿肥可以显著提高水稻的稻谷产量和地上部生物量;3种经济绿肥模式下土壤的pH值、有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效钾含量没有显著变化,但全钾含量均显著高于对照模式;3种经济绿肥模式均能提高种植的经济效益,其中稻—蚕豆模式的综合经济效益最高。出于土壤培肥和经济效益综合考量,建议在南方红壤稻田区推广稻—蚕豆种植模式。

Production Benefits of Double-Cropping Rice Under Optimized Application of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizers Combined with Chinese Milk Vetch and Straw Co-Returning to Fields

In order to explore the technology and effects of reducing nitrogen and potassium fertilizer applications in double-cropping rice,a field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of optimized application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers combined with returning Chinese milk vetch and straw to fields on yield,fertilizer utilization efficiency,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci),chlorophyll content(SPAD value)and soil physical and chemical properties in late rice harvest period.The results showed that the optimized application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers combined with the integrated technology of Chinese milk vetch and straw co-returning to the field could enhance the photosynthetic efficiency of double-cropping rice,increase rice yield,and enhance soil biological activity,especially T4 treatment involving the returning of Chinese milk vetch and straw to the field instead of 30%nitrogen fertilizer achieved the highest rice yield,fertilizer use efficiency,net photosynthetic rate and soil biological activity.Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment T2,the total rice yield of T4 treatment increased by 4.1%,among which the early rice and late rice increased by 6.3%and 2.4%,respectively;Pn,Gs and SPAD values of flag leaves at full heading stage significantly increased,and the contents of soil active organic carbon,alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and readily available potassium significantly increased.

不同旱作节水灌溉条件对土壤理化性质及水稻产量的影响

为探索更为适合的水稻节水灌溉方式,于2017—2019年在宁夏暖泉农场开展大田试验,采用三因素对比设计,设置3种不同水稻节水灌溉方式(保墒旱直播MDDS、播后上水旱直播IDFS及覆膜滴灌旱作FMDI),研究了不同节水灌溉方式对水稻土壤理化性质及产量的影响。结果表明:FMDI分蘖期0~10 cm土层日平均地温3 a平均较IDFS和MDDS增加1.7℃(P<0.05);FMDI节水效果明显,在灌溉水平为80%田间持水量条件下,依然可以保持较高的土壤含水量(3年分别为20.1%、19.9%及20.3%);MDDS和IDFS土壤紧实度分别比FMDI平均高出1.74倍、1.77倍;FMDI处理连续3 a土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾较其他2种耕作处理均有显著增加;FMDI处理有显著增产作用,其3 a经济产量和收获指数均最高,与MDDS相比,FMDI的水分利用效率3个年份增幅分别为54.0%、60.0%和56.0%。综上可知,覆膜滴灌旱作(FMDI)方式为适宜该地区水稻种植的蓄水保墒、增温稳温、培肥地力和高产高效的土壤耕作覆盖措施。

土壤改良剂对松嫩平原盐碱土壤理化性状、水稻生长及产量的影响

通过大田试验,研究了4个改良剂处理对松嫩平原盐碱地土壤理化性质及水稻生长的影响。结果表明:4个改良剂处理均能够有效提高土壤速效钾、速效磷、有机质含量,降低0~30 cm土壤pH、交换性钠含量,并能促进水稻生长,提高水稻产量。改良后土壤HCO_(3)^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)、Na^(+)含量升高,Cl^(-)、Ca^(2+)含量降低,Mg^(2+)、K^(+)含量变化不大。综合分析可知改良剂SH效果较为显著。

生物有机肥配施改良剂对滨海盐土的改良效果研究

土壤盐渍化是限制滨海地区生态环境及农业经济发展的关键因素。为提高滨海盐土的土壤生产力,探索适宜于滨海盐土改良的有效措施,以滨海盐渍稻田土为研究对象,设计不同物料组合添加,分析有机肥、有机肥+禾康、有机肥+黑里俏、有机肥+黄腐酸钾、对照处理下的土壤基本理化性状的变化及其对水稻产量影响。结果表明:不同有机无机处理的表层土壤[质量]密度降低了3.9%~11.4%,土壤孔隙度增加了7%~44%;土壤pH值和盐分含量最低的为有机肥+禾康处理。有机物料添加提高了土壤养分含量,有机肥+禾康处理的SOC、AN、AP含量均显著高于其他处理,而有机肥+黄腐酸钾处理的AK含量最高(294 mg·kg^(-1));与CK对比,有机无机处理土壤脲酶活性显著提高19%~38%,其中有机肥+黄腐酸钾处理的脲酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性均显著高于其他处理。不同处理水稻产量在9030~10699 kg·hm^(-2)之间,相比较于对照增加了4.5%~18.4%,其中有机肥+茎腐酸钾处理的水稻产量和千粒质量最高。基于RDA分析,认为土壤孔隙度和氮素是影响水稻产量的主要因素,影响率分别为39.1%、21.1%。综合分析得出,不同物料组合模式中有机肥+禾康和有机肥+黄腐酸钾的改良效果较优。

江苏优质稻区土壤理化性状对稻米品质的影响

为了探索优良食味粳稻稻米品质与土壤理化性状之间的关系,本研究在江苏省镇江市句容市后白镇圩区随机选取种植南粳46、南粳3908、南粳5055和南粳9108的11个具有代表性的水稻种植主体,2020年和2021年度对其土壤理化性状和稻米品质进行取样检测,并分析主要指标之间的相关性。结果表明,2个试验年度,11个水稻种植主体土壤理化性状主要指标中,总氮含量和总磷含量平均值分别为1.60 g/kg和0.56 g/kg;速效氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量平均值分别为110.5 mg/kg、11.42 mg/kg、133.4 mg/kg;有机质含量平均值为26.64 g/kg,不同水稻种植主体土壤肥力状况差异显著。2季水稻平均产量以南粳46最低,为9248.1 kg/hm^(2),以南粳3908最高,达到9812.8 kg/hm^(2);2021年水稻平均产量与2020年差异不显著。南粳46的稻米品质指标总体优于其他3个水稻品种,综合食味值也最高,品质较优,但该品种垩白度和垩白粒率偏高。相关性分析结果表明,土壤有机质含量高的水稻种植主体的稻田,稻米整精米率、峰值黏度和热浆黏度高,胶稠度大,蛋白质含量低,米质较好。综上,就不同水稻品种而言,南粳46稻米品质最优,在肥力水平较高的土壤上种植南粳46能进一步提高其稻米品质,但南粳46的产量总体偏低,而南粳3908则相对兼顾了水稻产量和稻米品质。

大球盖菇菌渣还田对水稻生长和稻田土壤环境的影响

【目的】探究大球盖菇菌渣全量还田对水稻产量、土壤肥力和微生物多样性的影响,为评价菌渣对土壤环境质量的改良提供重要参考。【方法】在江西吉安开展菌渣原位还田试验,试验设置常规施肥(CK)、菌渣原位还田+常规施肥(JZ)和秸秆全量还田+常规施肥(JG)3个处理,分析不同栽培措施下水稻的生物量、产量和养分吸收量,以及土壤养分含量、菌群丰度和微生物多样性等土壤环境的差异。【结果】与CK处理相比,JZ和JG均显著提高了水稻的生物量和产量,产量增幅分别为9.51%和4.89%。JZ和JG处理促进了水稻对氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)养分的吸收,成熟期N、P、K吸收量分别提高了41.44%和31.01%、48.64%和33.13%、28.44%和26.74%。JZ处理土壤pH较CK略有升高,JG处理移栽前期和幼穗分化期则显著降低;JZ和JG处理土壤中有机质和速效养分含量均明显升高;施用菌渣和秸秆显著提高了土壤中细菌的多样性,JZ处理土壤中与有机质降解相关的菌群丰度明显升高。【结论】大球盖菇菌渣原位还田和秸秆全量还田均能提高土壤的养分含量、土壤微生物群落多样性和水稻产量,菌渣原位还田对稻田土壤环境和水稻生长的影响优于秸秆全量还田。

播种量和施肥量对湘西冬种黑麦草及后作水稻生产的影响

以多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum L.)为材料,设置3种播种量18、24、30 kg/hm^(2)(分别为S1、S2、S3)和2种施肥量780、960 kg/hm^(2)(分别为F1、F2),共6个处理(S1F1、S1F2、S2F1、S2F2、S3F1、S3F2),探究不同播种量和施肥量对湘西冬种黑麦草及后作水稻生产的影响。结果表明:S3F2处理黑麦草的鲜产量最高(68 300kg/hm^(2)),比最低的S1F1处理高31.09%(P<0.05);施肥量与播种量交互效应对黑麦草的干产量和单位面积总粗蛋白、总粗纤维、总钙、总磷含量影响显著(P<0.05),播种量对鲜产量、干产量和单位面积总粗纤维、总钙、总磷含量均影响显著(P<0.05);种草后,所有处理土壤的pH和有效磷含量均显著高于种草前的(P<0.05),S3F2处理土壤全氮和有效磷含量最高,分别达2.31 g/kg、67.61 mg/kg,比种草前分别高12.68%(P>0.05)和148.11%(P<0.05);S3F2处理下后作水稻实际产量、单株总粒数、单株实粒数和千粒质量均显著高于其他处理的(P<0.05);后作水稻产量受黑麦草播种量的影响显著(P<0.05),播种量和施肥量的交互效应对水稻产量影响不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,黑麦草在播种量为30 kg/hm^(2)、施肥量为960 kg/hm^(2)的栽培条件下的培肥效果最佳,并且对后作水稻具有良好的增产效应,适宜在湘西地区推广应用。

生物质炭输入对稻田土壤理化特性和温室气体排放及水稻产量影响研究进展

水稻是我国最主要的粮食作物,稻田也是温室气体甲烷和氧化亚氮的主要排放源。生物质炭因其具有较强的稳定性、吸附性和pH值高等特性,在改良土壤、提高作物产量等领域得到广泛应用。同时,生物质炭能够对稻田土壤微生物产生影响,直接或间接影响稻田温室气体的排放。本文总结了生物质炭对稻田土壤理化特性、温室气体排放及水稻产量的影响,提出了未来的研究方向,以期为水稻的高效生产及稻田温室气体减排提供理论与实践依据。

水稻秸秆秋季水耙浆还田对土壤及水稻性状的影响

以吉宏9和吉农大853为供试品种,研究了不同还田方式对水稻秸秆腐解情况、土壤性状、杂草发生情况及水稻性状的影响。结果表明,水稻秸秆秋季水耙浆还田处理的CH4排放总量约为秸秆春季还田处理的1/2,秸秆失重率相比春季还田处理提高7.1%,秸秆断裂拉力为春季还田处理的83.8%。连续2年秸秆秋季水耙浆还田后,土壤有机质含量增加6.1 g/kg,有效磷含量也有显著提升,相比秸秆春季还田处理,地力培肥效果更加明显。相比秸秆不还田处理,秸秆秋季还田处理插秧后大田的禾本科杂草株数明显减少,水稻产量提高4.9%。

稻壳生物炭施用方式对土壤理化特性及烤烟产质量的影响

以稻壳制备的生物炭为试验材料,以云烟87为供试烤烟品种,探究了在常规施肥基础上采用不同方式(垄面撒施、移栽穴撒施、条施、全田翻耕撒施)增施稻壳生物炭对植烟土壤改良、烟草生长发育及产质量的影响,以不施生物炭作对照,以期为生物炭在烟草种植及烟田土壤改良方面的应用提供依据。结果表明:采用不同方式施用生物炭对植烟土壤肥力和烤烟产质量均有显著影响,其中,全田翻耕撒施的效果最优,显著增加了烟田土壤的碱解氮、速效钾含量和最大田间持水量,与CK相比分别增加了23.78%、51.31%和11.54个百分点,土壤容重降低了0.16 g/cm^(3);烤后烟叶的总碱、总氮、总糖、还原糖、氯离子、糖碱比和上等烟比例显著上升。