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Experimental Study on No-tillage Cultivation of Flowering Chinese Cabbage in Rice Winter Fallow Fields
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作者 袁祖华 高述华 +2 位作者 丁茁荑 童辉 杨剑 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2015年第7期1412-1414,共3页
The research made comparisons on no-tillage cultivation and ploughing cultivations of Flowering Chinese cabbage on one-season paddy fields and explored the effects of no-tillage cultivation of Flowering Chinese cabbag... The research made comparisons on no-tillage cultivation and ploughing cultivations of Flowering Chinese cabbage on one-season paddy fields and explored the effects of no-tillage cultivation of Flowering Chinese cabbage on survival rate, insect damages, production cost, yield and benefits of plants. The results indicated that no-tillage cultivation reduced the injured rate of Flowering Chinese cabbage by cutworms, and production cost, but crop yield and output value declined as well. Specifically, yield in the treatment as per no-tillage cultivation lowered by 10.3% and 11.9% compared with the treatments by machine-based ploughing and manual ploughing, and the production interests declined by 11.9% and 11.1%, accordingly. 展开更多
关键词 Flowering Chinese cabbage Winter fallow field no-tillage cultivation BENEFITS
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Characterization of Leaf Photosynthetic Properties for No-Tillage Rice 被引量:5
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作者 CHEN Song XIA Guo-mian +2 位作者 ZHAO Wei-ming WU Fei-bo ZHANG Guo-ping 《Rice science》 SCIE 2007年第4期283-288,共6页
A study was conducted to determine the influence of no-tillage cultivation on leaf photosynthesis of rice plants under field conditions. Experiments with the treatments, no-tillage and conventional tillage were carrie... A study was conducted to determine the influence of no-tillage cultivation on leaf photosynthesis of rice plants under field conditions. Experiments with the treatments, no-tillage and conventional tillage were carried out at three locations (Jiaxing, Hangzhou and Xiaoshan, Zhejiang Province, China) for two years (2005 and 2006). Grain yield was constant in Jiaxing, but slightly higher in Hangzhou and Xiaoshan under no-tillage cultivation than that under conventional cultivation. In comparison with the conventional cultivation, no-tillage cultivation showed less biomass accumulation before heading and higher capacity of matter production during grain filling. A significantly higher leaf net photosynthetic rate was observed for the plants under no-tillage than for those under conventional tillage. The fluorescence parameter (Fv/Fm) in leaf did not show any difference between the two cultivations. The effect of cultivation management on transpiration rate (Tr) and SPAD value of rice leaf was dependent on the location and year. 展开更多
关键词 PHOTOSYNTHESIS LEAF rice no-tillage PLOUGH YIELD
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Growth Characteristics and Yield of Late-Season Rice under No-tillage and Non-flooded Cultivation with Straw Mulching 被引量:4
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作者 WANG Dong LI Hui-xin +2 位作者 QIN Jiang-tao LI Da-ming Hu Feng 《Rice science》 SCIE 2010年第2期141-148,共8页
A long-term field experiment (started at 2003) was conducted to determine the effects of different dce cultivation methods on growth characteristics and grain yield of late-season rice under double-rice cropping sys... A long-term field experiment (started at 2003) was conducted to determine the effects of different dce cultivation methods on growth characteristics and grain yield of late-season rice under double-rice cropping system in seasonal drought region of southeast China (Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province). The rice cultivation methods included no-tillage and flooded rice cultivation (N-F), no-tillage and non-flooded rice cultivation with straw mulching (N-SM), and no-tillage and non-flooded rice cultivation without straw mulching (N-ZM). There was no significant difference in rice grain yield between the N-SM and N-F treatments. However, the rice grain yields in the N-SM and N-F treatments were significantly higher than that in the N-ZM treatment. The late-season rice plants in the N-SM treatment had significantly higher numbers of effective panicles and total grains per hill compared with those in the N-ZM treatment. The above-ground dry matter of late-season rice was similar between the N-SM and N-F treatments. Compared with the N-F treatment, the N-ZM and N-SM treatments significantly decreased the leaf area at the heading stage. Moreover, the N-SM treatment could significantly increase total root length and root tip number at the grain-filling stage compared with the N-ZM treatment. 展开更多
关键词 rice no-tillage non-flooded cultivation straw mulching growth characteristics YIELD
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Long-Term No-Tillage Direct Seeding Mode for Water-Saving and Drought-Resistance Rice Production in Rice-Rapeseed Rotation System 被引量:1
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作者 DU Xing-bin CHEN Chen +4 位作者 LUO Li-jun XIA Long-ping LIU Kang CHEN Yin-hua YU Xin-qiao 《Rice science》 SCIE 2014年第4期210-216,共7页
To study the effects of long-term no-tillage direct seeding mode on rice yield and the soil physiochemical property in a rice-rapeseed rotation system, a comparative experiment with a water-saving and drought-resistan... To study the effects of long-term no-tillage direct seeding mode on rice yield and the soil physiochemical property in a rice-rapeseed rotation system, a comparative experiment with a water-saving and drought-resistance rice (WDR) variety and a double low rapeseed variety as materials was conducted under no-tillage direct seeding (NTDS) mode and conventional tillage direct seeding (CTDS) mode for four years, using the CTDS mode as the control. Compared with the CTDS mode, the actual rice yield of WDR decreased by 8.10% at the first year, whereas the plant height, spikelet number per panicle, spikelet fertility, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, actual yield, and harvest index increased with no-tillage years, which led to the actual yield increase by 6.49% at the fourth year. Correlation analysis showed that the panicle length was significantly related to the actual yield of WDR. Compared with the CTDS mode in terms of the soil properties, the pH value of the NTDS mode decreased every year, whereas the contents of soil organic matter and total N of the NTDS mode increased. In the 0-5 cm layer of the NTDS mode, the soil bulk decreased, whereas the contents of soil organic matter, total N, and available N increased. In the 5-20 cm layer of the NTDS mode, the available N and K decreased, whereas the soil bulk, contents of soil organic matter, and total N increased. In summary, the NTDS mode increased the rice yield, and could improve the paddy soil fertility of the top layer. 展开更多
关键词 no-tillage direct seeding rice yield soil physiochemical property water-saving and drought-resistance rice rotation system
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Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Maga-Pouss Rice Fields (Far-North Region, Cameroon) and Transfer to Rice Grains
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作者 Diane Madomguia Gilbert Bello Basokdou +3 位作者 Kalieu W. Appoline Isabelle Patrice Kuitekam Dongo Edouard Nya Serge Hubert Zebaze Togouet 《Agricultural Sciences》 2024年第3期311-326,共16页
Monitoring of heavy metals contamination of agricultural products and their transfer and bioaccumulation in crops like rice has become a hot topic worldwide over the last two decades. The present study was carried out... Monitoring of heavy metals contamination of agricultural products and their transfer and bioaccumulation in crops like rice has become a hot topic worldwide over the last two decades. The present study was carried out to determine the accumulation of heavy metals in rice fields and their transfer to rice grains. Soil, irrigation water and rice grains samples were gathered in Maga-Pouss, Far-North, Cameroon. Concentrations of six heavy metals (lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, iron and mercury) were evaluated by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Mercury was not detected in this study. Average concentrations of metals were in this order (in mg/kg): Fe (188.60 ± 97.06) > Pb (63.63 ± 7.11) > Cd (2.59 ± 0.29) > Zn (1.10 ± 1.05) > Cu (0.80 ± 0.73) in water and Pb (105.50 ± 31.11) > Fe (105.50 ± 31.11) > Cu (45.93 ± 14.39) > Zn (22.52 ± 6.40) > Cd (3.15 ± 0.49) in soil. Water in Maga-Pouss rice fields appears to be more harmful than the soil, notably for lead, cadmium and copper. In rice grains, heavy metals were found in this order (mg/kg): Fe (188.01 ± 82.62) > Cu (27.20 ± 0.00) > Zn (23.61 ± 12.42) > Pb (19.50 ± 19.91) > Cd (2.02 ± 1.05). The mean bioconcentration factor (BCF) of metals from soil to rice grains was in the following order: Fe (2.60) > Zn (1.05) > Cd (0.64) > Cu (0.59) > Pb (0.18). From water to rice grains, the order is: Cu (37.26) > Zn (22.49) > Cd (6.97) > Pb (2.74) > Fe (1.94). Rice field pH and electrical conductivity favored the uptake of lead, copper and cadmium by rice grains. The findings of this study will be good documentation for risk assessment, and decision-making by environmental managers in this region. 展开更多
关键词 Heavy Metals rice field Bioconcenration Factor Maga-Pouss ACCUMULATION
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No-tillage effects on grain yield and nitrogen requirements in hybrid rice transplanted with single seedlings: Results of a long-term experiment
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作者 HUANG Min CHEN Jia-na +2 位作者 CAO Fang-bo ZOU Ying-bin Norman Uphoff 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第1期24-32,共9页
This study was conducted to determine whether,and if so how,the grain yield and nitrogen(N) requirements of hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings are affected by no-tillage(NT) practices.A fixed field experimen... This study was conducted to determine whether,and if so how,the grain yield and nitrogen(N) requirements of hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings are affected by no-tillage(NT) practices.A fixed field experiment was done at the Experimental Farm of Hunan Agricultural University in Changsha,Hunan Province,China,from 2004 to 2014.Grain yield and yield attributes(panicle number per m2,spikelet number per panicle,spikelet filling percentage,grain weight,total biomass,and harvest index) were evaluated as well as the N-use characteristics(total N uptake,internal N-use efficiency,and N requirements) of hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings comparing NT with conventional tillage(CT).A significant finding was that there were no significant differences in grain yield,yield attributes,and N-use characteristics between CT and NT.Averaged across the 11 years,grain yield and N requirements were 9.51 t ha^(-1) and 20.2 kg t^(-1) under CT and 9.33 t ha^(-1) and 20.0 kg t^(-1) under NT,respectively.There were significant yearly variations in grain yield,yield attributes,and N-use characteristics observed under both CT and NT.The yearly variation in grain yield was related to simultaneous changes in spikelet number per panicle,grain weight,total biomass,and harvest index.Also,it was found that grain yield was positively correlated with internal N-use efficiency but negatively correlated with N requirements.It is concluded that grain yield and N requirements in hybrid rice when transplanted as single seedlings are not affected adversely by NT.The results of this study suggest that(1) compatible relationships among yield attributes can be established in hybrid rice that is transplanted as single seedlings,and(2) higher grain yield and higher N-use efficiency can be concurrently achieved in hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings. 展开更多
关键词 grain yield hybrid rice NITROGEN requirements no-tillage TRANSPLANTING of single seedlings
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Physiological Mechanism of High and Stable Yield of No-tillage Cast-transplanted Rice
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作者 LIU Jun, HUANG Qing, FU Hua, LU Xiu-ming, LIU Huai-zhen and LI Kang-huo( Rice Research Institute , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , P.R. China) 《Agricultural Sciences in China》 CAS CSCD 2002年第4期404-409,共6页
Four years' successive comparative experiments showed that no-tillage cast-transplanted rice (NTCTR), compared with conventional tillage cast-transplanted rice (CK), grew slower and produced less tillers at the ea... Four years' successive comparative experiments showed that no-tillage cast-transplanted rice (NTCTR), compared with conventional tillage cast-transplanted rice (CK), grew slower and produced less tillers at the early growing stage; but, it had shorter ineffective tillering time, less nutrition consumption, stronger individual growth and more uniform growth between individuals and the colony. These characteristics contribute to the increase not only in the productive tiller percentage but also in the ear quality. Furthermore, the flag leaf of NTCTR had higher photosynthetic rate during the filling stage and no early senescence phenomenon at the late stage, which facilitated the accumulation and the transportation of carbohydrates and improved grain setting rate. 展开更多
关键词 rice no-tillage cast-transplanted rice(NTCTR) PHYSIOLOGY
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The Effect of Three New Fungicides against Rice Sheath Blight in Field Experiment 被引量:1
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作者 李宁 殷徽 常海滨 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2015年第3期551-552,577,共3页
[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of three new fungicides against rice sheath blight in field experiment. [Methods] The experiment set up 7 treatments with three times of repetition and designed by random gr... [Objective] The aim was to study the effect of three new fungicides against rice sheath blight in field experiment. [Methods] The experiment set up 7 treatments with three times of repetition and designed by random grouping. By using 5 sampling points in each plot, and investigating continuous 4 holes of each point, total plants, diseased plants and disease degrees were recorded. Then disease index and control efficiency were calculated, and variance analysis was carried out. [Results] 300 or 450 ml/hm^2 azoxystrobin + difenoconazole 325 g/L SC had better control efficiency to rice sheath blight and had no phytotoxicity effect, we should use it at the initial disease stage and continuously spray 2-3 times. [Conclusion] The experiment provided a theoretical basis for controlling rice sheath blight using fungicides. 展开更多
关键词 rice sheath blight Fungicides field experiment
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Estimate of CH_4 Emissions from Year-Round Flooded Rice Fields During Rice Growing Season in China 被引量:101
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作者 CAIZu-Cong KANGGuo-Ding +1 位作者 H.TSURUTA A.MOSIER 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2005年第1期66-71,共6页
A special kind of rice field exists in China that is flooded year-round. These rice fields have substantially large CH4 emissions during the rice-growing season and emit CH4 continuously in the non-rice growing season... A special kind of rice field exists in China that is flooded year-round. These rice fields have substantially large CH4 emissions during the rice-growing season and emit CH4 continuously in the non-rice growing season. CH4 emission factors were used to estimate the CH4 emissions from year-round flooded rice fields during the rice-growing season in China. The CH4 emissions for the year-round flooded rice fields in China for the rice growing season over a total area of 2.66 Mha were estimated to be 2.44 Tg CH… 展开更多
关键词 IPCC methodology methane emission rice fields year-round flooded
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Nitrogen Losses from Flooded Rice Field 被引量:42
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作者 GAOXIAOJIANG HUXUEFENG 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2002年第2期151-156,共6页
A field microplot experiment was conducted during the tillering stage of paddy rice to investigate nitrogen(N) Iosses from flooded rice fields following fertilizer application. After application of ammonium bicarbonat... A field microplot experiment was conducted during the tillering stage of paddy rice to investigate nitrogen(N) Iosses from flooded rice fields following fertilizer application. After application of ammonium bicarbonate,most of nitrogen in the floodwater was present as NH4-N and its concentration varied widely with time.Concentrations of both NO3-N and NO2-N in the floodwater were low due to the weakened nitrification.Under flooded anaerobic reducing conditions, soil solution concentrations of NO3-N and NH4-N were nothigh, ranging from 0.6 mg L-1 to 4.8 mg L-1, and decreased with soil depth. However, the groundwater wasstill contaminated with NO3-N and NH4-N. Rainfall simulation tests showed that the N losses via runoff inrice fields were closely related to the time intervals between fertilizer applications and rainfall events. Whena large rain fell for a short period after fertilizer application, the N losses via runoff could be large, whichcould have a considerable effect on surface water quality. Both irrigation and N fertilizer application mustbe controlled and managed with great care to minimize N losses via runoff from agricultural land. 展开更多
关键词 flooded rice fields FERTILIZER-N N losses RUNOFF water quality
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Phosphorus Concentration and Forms in Surface and Subsurface Drainage Water from Wetland Rice Fields in the Shaoxing Plain 被引量:25
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作者 ZHANG MINGKUI, JIANG HONG and LIU XINGMEIDepartment of Resource Sciences, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029 (China) 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2003年第3期239-248,共10页
Phosphorus (P) is the limiting factor for eutrophication in most freshwater ecosystems. In China, Ptransported from intensively cultivated land has been reported as an important source of P in surface waters.In this s... Phosphorus (P) is the limiting factor for eutrophication in most freshwater ecosystems. In China, Ptransported from intensively cultivated land has been reported as an important source of P in surface waters.In this study, we investigated P concentration and forms in surface and subsurface drainage from wetland ricefields in the Shaoxing plain, Zhejiang Province, China. From selected rice fields, surface drainage sampleswere collected at rice-growing, non-growing and fertilization periods, and subsurface drainage samples atdrought and rewetting (irrigation or precipitation after 5~10 d drought period in the surface soils) and wet(drainage under long-term wet soil condition) periods. Water samples were characterized for their totalreactive P (TRP), dissolved reactive P (DRP) and particulate reactive P (PRP). Concentrations of the TRPand DRP in the surface drainage ranged from 0.08 to 1.50 and 0.06 to 1.27 mg L-1, respectively. The TRPand DRP were dependent on field operation activities, and decreased in the order of fertilization period >rice-growing period > non-growing period. Phosphorus concentration of runoff receiving P fertilizer can bean environmental concern. The PRP concentration in the surface drainage, ranging from 0.01 to 0.57 mgL-1, accounted for 8%~78% of the TRP. Concentration of the TRP in the subsurface drainage was from0.026 to 0.090 mg L-1, consisting of 29%~90 % of the DRP and 10%~71% of the PRP. In the droughtand rewetting period, the PRP accounted for, on average, 63% of the TRP, much higher than in the wetperiod (23%), suggesting that there was transport of P in preferential flow during drainage events after ashort-term drought period in the surface soils. Therefore, P losses in particulate form may be importantin the subsurface drainage from rice fields when surface soils form cracks and favor rapid flow downwardthrough the soil profiles, suggesting the important role of water-dispersible colloid particles in mediating andco-transporting P in the subsurface drainage of rice fields. 展开更多
关键词 drainage PHOSPHORUS wetland rice field
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Field effect of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis granulovirus (CnmeGV) on the pest of rice leaffolder 被引量:4
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作者 XU Jian LIU Qin +1 位作者 LI Chuan-ming HAN Guang-jie 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第9期2115-2122,共8页
Rice leaffolder,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée),has become a major pest throughout the rice cultivating areas of China and caused severe damage to rice production.Cnaphalocrocis medinalis granulovirus(CnmeGV),a ... Rice leaffolder,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée),has become a major pest throughout the rice cultivating areas of China and caused severe damage to rice production.Cnaphalocrocis medinalis granulovirus(CnmeGV),a naturally occurring baculovirus,is revealed as a potential microbial agent for the pest control.Field applications of CnmeGV were conducted against rice leaffolder larvae in rice paddies.CnmeGV infected the larvae not only in the current generation but also in the successive generation,resulting in a sustained infection in the larva population for at least 48 days.Under diferent concentrations of CnmeGV(7.5×1011 and 1.125×1012 occlusion body(OB)ha-1)at 30 days after spraying,larval population reduced up to 76.32%and rice leaf rolled rate kept in 15.42%.Simultaneously,CnmeGV had no impact on arthropod predators of C.medinalis,with abundances ranging from 2.39 to 3.79 per ten hills.These results revealed that CnmeGV is suitable as a bio-pesticide for rice leaffolder management in rice paddies. 展开更多
关键词 rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis GRANULOVIRUS field effect
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N_2O Emission from Paddy Field under Different Rice Planting Modes 被引量:7
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作者 WANG Yuying ZHU Bo +2 位作者 WANG Yanqiang GAO Meirong MA Xiumei 《Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences》 EI CAS 2006年第4期989-996,共8页
Measurements of N2O emissions from conventional rice cultivation (CRC), CRC with straw mulching, system of rice intensification (SRI) and SRI with plastic film mulching were conducted through static chamber/gas-... Measurements of N2O emissions from conventional rice cultivation (CRC), CRC with straw mulching, system of rice intensification (SRI) and SRI with plastic film mulching were conducted through static chamber/gas-chromatography techniques. The results show that daily fluctuation of N2O emissions in jointing stage are much higher than in others. A type peak of N2O seasonal emission presented between jointing and bearing stages companying with high daily average temperature and low precipitation. Biomass and leaf stomatal conductance were observed. Total quantities of N2O emission were budgeted. The results showed that after jointing stage the average N2O emission flux of SRI with plastic film mulching increased significantly than CRC with straw mulching and SRI, the leaf stomatal conductance of those showed the same trend (p〈 0.05). Yield and total quantity of N20 emission in CRC with straw mulching enhanced 13. 7% and 10.7% compared with those of CRC, respectively. The total quantity of N20 emissions reduced 3. 6% in SRI with plastic film mulching compared with CRC, however, the yield increase of that was not significant. 展开更多
关键词 nitrous oxide emission rice olanting mode oaddv field
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Model for Methane Emission from Rice Fields and Its Application in Southern China 被引量:3
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作者 丁爱菊 王明星 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1996年第2期159-168,共10页
A process model has been developed. The model has been used to calculate the methane emission from rice fields. The influence of climate conditions, field water management, organic fertilizers and soil types on methan... A process model has been developed. The model has been used to calculate the methane emission from rice fields. The influence of climate conditions, field water management, organic fertilizers and soil types on methane emission from rice fields are considered. There are three major segments which are highly interactive in nature in the model:rice growth, decomposition of soil organic matter and methane production, transport efficiency and methane emission rate. Explicit equations for modeling each segment mentioned above are given. The main results of the model are: 1. The seasonal variation of methane emission of the model output agrees with that of field experiments. The deviation of seasonal average methane emission rate between modeled value and experimental data is about 10%. 2. In the whole rice growing period, model output is similar to experimental data in the seasonal variation of transport ability of rice plant. 3. Soil organic matter content and soil physics and chemistry are major factors that determine the total season average emission rate, while soil temperature controls the temporal variation of methane emission from rice fields. 展开更多
关键词 METHANE MODEL rice field rice growth
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Control Efficiency and Crop Safety of 20% Cyhalofop-butyl WP on Grass Weeds in Direct Seeded Rice Fields
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作者 余铮 袁桂平 +2 位作者 谭显胜 王义成 金晨钟 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2017年第3期537-539,542,共4页
The purpose was to define the control efficiency and safety of 20% cy- halofop-butyl WP on grass weeds in direct seeded rice fields, in order to provide the basis for chemical weeding. This study measured Leptochloa c... The purpose was to define the control efficiency and safety of 20% cy- halofop-butyl WP on grass weeds in direct seeded rice fields, in order to provide the basis for chemical weeding. This study measured Leptochloa chinensis(L.) Nees, Echinoch/oa crusgalli (L.) Beauv and other gramineous weed control efficiency with four concentrations of 20% cyhalofop-dutyl WP and 100 g/L cyhalofop-dutyl EC in direct seeded rice fields, and analyzed the yield-increasing effect and safety of rice. The results showed that 20% cyhalofop-butyl WP had a good control efficiency on grass weeds such as Leptochloa chinensis(L.) Nees, Echinoch/oa crusgalli(L.) Beauv and other grasses. The effective dosage of 90-150 g/hm2 was over 90.7% on Lep- foch/oa chinensis(L.) Nees and the comprehensive control effect of the grass weeds was above 86.7%, which was basically consistent with 100 g/L cyhalofop-dutyl EC. Furthermore, 20% cyhalofop-dutyl WP was high security for direct seeded rice fields. The yield of rice was increased by 10.18%-11.22% after spraying herbicide. There- fore, 20% of cyhalofop-dutyl WP can be used as a special herbicide for controlling Leptochloa chinensis(L.) Beauv in direct seeded rice fields, and has a good applica- tion prospect. 展开更多
关键词 CYHALOFOP-BUTYL Direct seeded rice field Weed control Grass weeds SAFETY
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Northeast China Rice Fields in Fallow Season 被引量:8
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作者 LIANG Wei SHI Yi +2 位作者 ZHANG Hua YUE Jin HUANG Guo-Hong 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第5期630-638,共9页
CH4, N2O and CO2 emissions from northeast Chinese rice fields were measured in the fallow season (November to March) to investigate the effects of freezing-thawing on the emissions. Both CH4 emission from and atmosp... CH4, N2O and CO2 emissions from northeast Chinese rice fields were measured in the fallow season (November to March) to investigate the effects of freezing-thawing on the emissions. Both CH4 emission from and atmospheric CH4 oxidation by the soil occurred, but the flux was small. During the fallow season, rice fields acted as a minor source of atmospheric CH4, which accounted for about 1% of the CH4 emission during the rice growing period. The field was also a substantial source of atmospheric N20, which ranged between 40 to 77 mg m-2 and eu=counted for 40%-50% of the annual N20 emission. The largest N20 flux was observed in the thawing period during the fallow season. Laboratory incubation tests showed that the largest N20 flux came from the release of N20 trapped in frozen soil. Tillage and rice straw application (either mulched on the soil surface or incorporated in the soil) stimulated the CH4 and CO2 emissions during the fallow season, but only straw application stimulated N2O emission substantially. 展开更多
关键词 CH4 CO2 FREEZING-THAWING N2O rice field
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Field identification of morphological and physiological traits in two special mutants with strong tolerance and high sensitivity to drought stress in upland rice(Oryza sativa L.) 被引量:2
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作者 HUANG Min XU Yu-hui WANG Hua-qi 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第5期970-981,共12页
The two mutants idr1-1 and 297-28, which were obtained from the radiation mutation of HD297 and IAPAR9, were used as experimental materials in this study for a 2-year(2012 and 2013) experiment about field drought resi... The two mutants idr1-1 and 297-28, which were obtained from the radiation mutation of HD297 and IAPAR9, were used as experimental materials in this study for a 2-year(2012 and 2013) experiment about field drought resistance identification in Beijing, China. Key agronomic traits and water-related physiological indexes were observed and measured, including the leaf anti-dead level(LADL), days to heading, plant height, setting percentage, aboveground biomass, leaf water potential(LWP), net photosynthetic rate(Pn) and transpiration rate. The results showed that the mutant idr1-1 that was under drought stress(DS) conditions for 2 years had the highest LADL grades(1.3 and 2.0) among all the materials, and they were 2–3 grades stronger than the wild-type IAPAR9 with an average that was 21.4% higher for the setting percentage than the wild type. Compared with the IAPAR9 for the 2-year average delay in the days to heading and the reduction rates in the plant height, setting percentage, and aboveground biomass under DS compared with the well-watered(WW) treatment, idr1-1 showed 3.2% less delay and 19.1, 16.4, and 6.1% less reduction, respectively. The idr1-1 in the LWP always exhibited the highest performance among all the materials. The Pn of idr1-1 under severe and mild DS comparing with that under WW was slightly decreased and even slightly increased, respectively, leading to an average reduction rate of only 0.92%, which was 26.93% less than that of IAPAR9. Under the severe DS, idr1-1 still showed the highest value of 16.88 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1 among all the materials and was significantly higher than that of IAPAR9(11.66 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1). Furthermore, only idr1-1 had the increased and the highest transpiration rate values(7.6 and 6.04 mmol H2 O m–2 s–1) under both mild and severe DS compared with the values under WW, when the transpiration rate of all the other materials significantly decreased. By contrast, the 297-28 in terms of the LADL grade under DS was the lowest(7.0), and it was four grades weaker than its wildtype HD297 and even one grade weaker than the drought-sensitive paddy rice SN265. For the 2-year average reduction rates in aboveground biomass and plant heights under DS compared with those under the WW, 297-28 was 31.6 and 31.8% higher than HD297, respectively. Meanwhile, 297-28 showed the worst performance for the LWP, Pn, and transpiration rate. These results suggest that idr1-1 might be a superior drought tolerant mutant of upland rice found in China. It has a strong ability to maintain and even enhance leaf transpiration while maintaining a high plant water potential under DS, thus supporting a high Pn and alleviating the delay in agronomic trait development and yield loss effectively. 297-28 is a much more highly drought-sensitive mutant that is even more sensitive than paddy rice varieties. The two mutants could be used as drought tolerance controls for rice germplasm identification and the drought resistant mechanism studies in the future. idr1-1 is also suitable for breeding drought-tolerant and lodging-resistant high-yield rice varieties. 展开更多
关键词 rice MUTANTS MORPHOLOGICAL and physiological TRAITS DROUGHT resistance field identification
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Effects of nitrogen application rate and hill density on rice yield and nitrogen utilization in sodic saline–alkaline paddy fields 被引量:10
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作者 GUO Xiao-hong LAN Yu-chen +5 位作者 XU Ling-qi YIN Da-wei LI Hong-yu QIAN Yong-de ZHENG Gui-ping LU Yan-dong 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2021年第2期540-553,共14页
Soil salinity and alkalinity can inhibit crop growth and reduce yield,and this has become a global environmental concern.Combined changes in nitrogen (N) application and hill density can improve rice yields in sodic s... Soil salinity and alkalinity can inhibit crop growth and reduce yield,and this has become a global environmental concern.Combined changes in nitrogen (N) application and hill density can improve rice yields in sodic saline–alkaline paddy fields and protect the environment.We investigated the interactive effects of N application rate and hill density on rice yield and N accumulation,translocation and utilization in two field experiments during 2018 and 2019 in sodic saline–alkaline paddy fields.Five N application rates (0 (control),90,120,150,and 180 kg N ha^(-1) (N0–N4),respectively) and three hill densities(achieved by altering the distance between hills,in rows spaced 30 cm apart:16.5 cm (D1),13.3 cm (D2) and 10 cm (D3))were utilized in a split-plot design with three replicates.Nitrogen application rate and hill density significantly affected grain yield.The mathematical model of quadratic saturated D-optimal design showed that with an N application rate in the range of 0–180 kg N ha^(-1),the highest yield was obtained at 142.61 kg N ha^(-1) which matched with a planting density of 33.3×10^(4) ha^(-1).Higher grain yield was mainly attributed to the increase in panicles m^(–2).Nitrogen application rate and hill density significantly affected N accumulation in the aboveground parts of rice plants and showed a highly significant positive correlation with grain yield at maturity.From full heading to maturity,the average N loss rate of the aboveground parts of rice plants in N4 was 70.21% higher than that of N3.This is one of the reasons why the yield of N4 treatment is lower than that of the N3 treatment.Nitrogen accumulation rates in the aboveground parts under treatment N3 (150 kg N ha^(-1)) were 81.68 and 106.07% higher in 2018 and 2019,respectively,than those in the control.The N translocation and N translocation contribution rates increased with the increase in the N application rate and hill density,whereas N productivity of dry matter and grain first increased and then decreased with the increase in N application rate and hill density.Agronomic N-use efficiency decreased with an increase in N application rate,whereas hill density did not significantly affect it.Nitrogen productivity of dry matter and grain,and agronomic N-use efficiency,were negatively correlated with grain yield.Thus,rice yield in sodic saline–alkaline paddy fields can be improved by combined changes in the N application rate and hill density to promote aboveground N accumulation.Our study provides novel evidence regarding optimal N application rates and hill densities for sodic saline–alkaline rice paddies. 展开更多
关键词 rice yield saline–alkaline soil nitrogen accumulation paddy field Songnen Plain
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ESTIMATE OF METHANE EMISSIONS FROM RICE FIELDS IN CHINA BY CLIMATE-BASED NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY 被引量:3
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作者 KANGGuo-ding CAIZu-cong +1 位作者 ZHANGZi-heng XIAOPeng-feng 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2004年第4期326-331,共6页
Rice fields provide food for over half of the world population but are also an important source of atmospheric CH(4). Using the climate-based GIS empirical model and the meteorological data collected from 600 meteorol... Rice fields provide food for over half of the world population but are also an important source of atmospheric CH(4). Using the climate-based GIS empirical model and the meteorological data collected from 600 meteorological stations in China, with county as the basic unit, the net primary productivity (NPP) of rice fields in China in 1990, 1995, 1998, and 2000 were estimated to be in the range from 202.19x10(12)g C in 1990 to 163.46x10(12)g C in 2000. From the measured data of the factors affecting CH(4) emission and NPP, the conversion ratio of the NPP into CH(4) emission for the rice fields of China was determined to be 1.8%. Using this ratio and estimated NPP, the CH(4) emissions from rice fields of China in 1990, 1995, 1998, and 2000 were estimated to be 7.24x10(12), 6.31x10(12), 6.77x10(12) and 5.85x10(12)g CH(4), respectively. 展开更多
关键词 CH(4) emissions rice fields net primary productivity climatic factor
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Field Efficacy Trial and Optimum Control Period of Rice False Smut(Ustilaginoidea virens) in Single Cropping Middle-late Rice 被引量:2
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作者 Liu Huaizhen Li Kanghuo +5 位作者 Huang Qing Lu Xiuming Zhang Bin Li Huifeng Zou Jixiang Zhou Shaochuan 《Plant Diseases and Pests》 CAS 2014年第2期31-34,共4页
[Objective]The paper was to study optimum chemical agents and control periods against rice false smut( Ustilaginoidea virens) in single cropping middle-late rice. [Method]Taking chemical agents( triadimefon,armure,Jin... [Objective]The paper was to study optimum chemical agents and control periods against rice false smut( Ustilaginoidea virens) in single cropping middle-late rice. [Method]Taking chemical agents( triadimefon,armure,Jinggangmycin) as main treatments and spraying periods( within 7 d before initial heading stage,within 7 d before initial heading stage + initial heading stage,initial heading stage) as assisted treatments,the field efficacy trial and optimum control period of U. virens in single cropping middle-late rice were studied using Huanghuazhan and Jinnongsimiao as experimental materials in 2013. [Result] Three chemical agents,triadimefon,armure,Jinggangmycin,extremely reduced diseased panicle rate and disease index of U. virens,but there was no significant difference among three chemical agents. Spraying period did not have significant impact on diseased panicle rate and disease index of U. virens,whereas spraying within7 d before initial heading stage and during initial heading stage had relatively good control effect. Yield increased significantly after application of three chemical agents,and armure led to greater increase. The reason for yield increase was that seed setting rate was significantly increased,and the number of filled grains per panicle was significantly increased. Although spraying period influenced yield,the difference was not significant. [Conclusion] Triadimefon,armure and Jinggangmycin had good control effects against U. virens in single cropping middle-late rice,of which armure had better control effects. Spraying chemical agents increased seed setting rate,and further increased the number of filled grains per panicle and yield. Spraying within 7 d before initial heading stage and during initial heading stage had relatively better control effect against U. virens. 展开更多
关键词 Single cropping middle-late rice Ustilaginoidea virens field efficacy test
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