Fuzzy Fruit Fly Optimized Node Quality-Based Clustering Algorithm for Network Load Balancing

Recently,the fundamental problem with Hybrid Mobile Ad-hoc Net-works(H-MANETs)is tofind a suitable and secure way of balancing the load through Internet gateways.Moreover,the selection of the gateway and overload of the network results in packet loss and Delay(DL).For optimal performance,it is important to load balance between different gateways.As a result,a stable load balancing procedure is implemented,which selects gateways based on Fuzzy Logic(FL)and increases the efficiency of the network.In this case,since gate-ways are selected based on the number of nodes,the Energy Consumption(EC)was high.This paper presents a novel Node Quality-based Clustering Algo-rithm(NQCA)based on Fuzzy-Genetic for Cluster Head and Gateway Selection(FGCHGS).This algorithm combines NQCA with the Improved Weighted Clus-tering Algorithm(IWCA).The NQCA algorithm divides the network into clusters based upon node priority,transmission range,and neighbourfidelity.In addition,the simulation results tend to evaluate the performance effectiveness of the FFFCHGS algorithm in terms of EC,packet loss rate(PLR),etc.

Overload problem research on aperiodic real-time tasks

In this paper, a novel scheduling mechanism is proposed to handle the real-time overload problem by maximizing the cumulative values of three types of tasks： the soft, the hard and the imprecise tasks. The simulation results show that the performance of our presented mechanism in this paper is greatly improved, much better than that of the other three mechanisms： earliest deadline first （EDF）, highest value first （HVF） and highest density first （HDF）, under the same conditions of all nominal loads and task type proportions.

Development of All-Weather and Real-Time Bottom-Mounted Monitor of Bed Load Quantity

Quantity of bed load is an important physical parameter in sediment transport research. Aiming at the difficulties in the bed load measurement, this paper develops a bottom-mounted monitor to measure the bed load transport rate by adopting the sedimentation pit method and resolving such key problems as weighing and desilting, which can achieve long-time, all-weather and real-time telemeasurement of the bed load transport rate of plain rivers, estuaries and coasts. Both laboratory and field tests show that this monitor is reasonable in design, stable in properties and convenient in measurement, and it can be used to monitor the bed load transport rate in practical projects.

Rapid quantification of semen hepatitis B virus DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction

AIM： To examine the sensitivity and accuracy of real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR） for the quantification of hepatitis B virus （HBV） DNA in semen. METHODS： Hepatitis B viral DNA was isolated from HBV carriers＇ semen and sera using phenol extraction method and QIAamp DNA blood mini kit （Qiagen, Germany）. HBV DNA was detected by conventional PCR and quantified by TaqMan technology-based real-time PCR （quantitative polymerase chain reaction （qPCR））. The detection threshold was 200 copies of HBV DNA for conventional PCR and 10 copies of HBV DNA for real time PCR per reaction. RESULTS： Both methods of phenol extraction and QIAamp DNA blood mini kit were suitable for isolating HBV DNA from semen. The value of the detection thresholds was 500 copies of HBV DNA per mL in the semen. The viral loads were 7.5×10^7 and 1.67×10^7 copies of HBV DNA per mL in two HBV infected patients＇ sera, while 2.14×10^5 and 3.02×10^5 copies of HBV DNA per mL in the semen. CONCLUSION： Real-time PCR is a more sensitive and accurate method to detect and quantify HBV DNA in the semen.

Loading System for Full-Scale Heavy-Duty Support Node Test with Multi-Directional Loading Requirements

This paper presents the design, analysis and experimental study of a loading system for heavy-duty nodes test based on a large-scale multi-directional in-plane loading device, which has been used in a full-scale heavy-duty support node test. Test loads of the support reached 6 567 kN with multi-directional loading requirements, which outrange the capacity of the available loading devices. Through the reinforcement of a large-scale multi-directional inplane loading device, the innovative design of a self-balanced load transferring device, and other arrangement considerations of the loading system, the test was implemented and the loading capacity of the ring was considerably enlarged. Due to the heavy loading requirements, some checking computations of the ring and the load transferring device outranged the limit of the Chinese national code "Code for Design of Steel Structures (GB 50017—2003)", thus elastic-plastic finite element (FE) analysis was carried out on the two devices, and also the real-time monitoring on the whole loading systems during experiments to ensure test safety. FE analysis and test results show that the loading system worked elastically during experiments.

A Model Predictive Scheduling Algorithm inReal-Time Control Systems

Abstract-The ineffective utilization of power resources has attracted much attention in current years. This paper proposes a real-time distributed load scheduling algorithm considering constraints of power supply. Firstly, an objective function is designed based on the constraint, and a base load forecasting model is established when aggregating renewable generation and non-deferrable load into a power system, which aims to transform the problem of deferrable loads scheduling into a distributed optimal control problem. Then, to optimize the objective function, a real-time scheduling algorithm is presented to solve the proposed control problem. At every time step, the purpose is to minimize the variance of differences between power supply and aggregate load, which can thus ensure the effective utilization of power resources. Finally, simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Research on Dynamic Clustering Routing Considering Node Load for Wireless Sensor Networks

Aiming at the problem that node load is rarely considered in existing clustering routing algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), a dynamic clustering routing algorithm for WSN is presented in this paper called DCRCL (Dynamic Clustering Routing Considering Load). This algorithm is comprised of three phases including cluster head (CH) selection, cluster setup and inter-cluster routing. First, the CHs are selected based on residual energy and node load. Then the non-CH nodes choose a cluster by comparing the cost function of its neighbor CHs. At last, each CH communicates with base station by using multi-hop communication. The simulation results show that comparing with the existing one, the techniques life cycle and date volume of the network are increased by 30.7 percent and 29.8 percent respectively by using the proposed algorithm DCRCL.

Evaluating the Effective Microbial Supplementation of Feed on the Load of Salmonella in Two Lymph Nodes of Beef Cattle in Eastern Ethiopia

The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of effective microbial supplementation to feed on the load of Salmonella in the mesenteric and sub-iliac lymph nodes of beef cattle. Bulls of Harer cattle breed managed at Chercher Oda-Bultum Farmers Union beef Farm were used as study subject. A total of 130 bulls were used using double blinded randomized controlled field trial based on parallel group design from January 2018 to July 2018. The study animals were randomly assigned to the treatment group (n = 100) and control group (n = 30). The feed of treatment group was mixed with EM at dose of 5 × 1010 cfu/day/head and supplemented for 90, 100 and 115 days while that of the control group was mixed with molasses, which acts as placebo. Both the treatment and control were slaughtered and two lymph nodes were collected from each animal under strict sterile condition and processed for the isolation and identification of Salmonella using standard procedure. A significant (p = 0.001) reduction in the load of Salmonella was observed in the lymph node of treatment group as compared to the control group. The load of Salmonella was significantly affected by length of feeding period and age of bulls. This study indicated that effective microbial supplementation to bulls from Harar cattle reduces the load of Salmonella in the lymph node of beef cattle thereby potentially minimizing the economic and public health impacts of Salmonella infection.

Correlation between Load of HPV 16 DNA in Cervical Cancer and HPV 16 DNA in Lymph Nodes

OBJECTIVE To determine the association between viral loadof human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) DNA in the primary focusof cervical carcinoma and HPV16 DNA in pelvic lymph nodes.METHODS The HPV16 DNA load was measured by fluorescentquantitation polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) in 17 primaryfoci. HPV16 DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) using HPV16 type-specific primers in 296 pelvic lymphnodes which were from 17 cases of cervical cancer.RESULTS The viral load of HPV16 DNA showed statisticallysignificant differences between tumors with a diameter of < 4cm and ≥ 4 cm (P < 0.05). Seven of 17 cervical cancer cases hadHPV16 DNA positive lymph nodes, designated as the positivegroup, while the remaining 10 without positive lymph nodes wasdesignated the negative group. The average load of HPV16 DNAshowed no significant difference between the 2 groups (P > 0.05).The load of HPV16 in the primary lesion was not associated withthat in the lymph nodes. There were 38 HPV16 DNA positivenodes in the total 296 nodes. The rate of positivity of HPV16 DNAin lymph nodes showed statistically significant differences inconsideration of maximum tumor diameter, tumor differentiation,histologic type, depth of myometial infiltration and the metastaticstatus of the nodes, respectively (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION Viral load of HPV16 in the primary cancer focuscorrelated with the quantity of tumor cells in the primary focusbut not with the existence of HPV DNA positive lymph nodes.Detection of HPV DNA may help to find the early metastases thatcannot be evaluated histopathologically, but the prognostic valueof HPV positive lymph nodes needs further examination.

Real-Time Operation of Microgrids

Microgrid (MG) systems effectively integrate a generation mix of solar, wind, and other renewable energy resources. The intermittent nature of renewable resources and the unpredictable weather conditions contribute largely to the unreliability of microgrid real-time operation. This paper investigates the behavior of microgrid for different intermittent scenarios of photovoltaic generation in real-time. Reactive power coordination control and load shedding mechanisms are used for reliable operation and are implemented using OPAL-RT simulator integrated with Matlab. In an islanded MG, load shedding can be an effective mechanism to maintain generation-load balance. The microgrid of the German Jordanian University (GJU) is used for illustration. The results show that reactive power coordination control not only stabilizes the MG operation in real-time but also reduces power losses on transmission lines. The results also show that the power losses at some substations are reduced by a range of 6% - 9.8%.

一种新型结构与保温一体化复合墙板节点试验

为解决复合墙板节点常见的保温板易燃、易脱落等棘手问题,并使其抗震性能良好。给出了一种新型的结构与保温一体化陶粒混凝土T型复合墙板节点。该复合墙板节点具有夹芯独特构造优势,主要表现在绿色节能,轻质高强,力学性能好,保温系统连接可靠,还能杜绝火灾的发生。通过对T型复合墙板节点进行抗震试验,分别研究了其滞回性能、破坏机理、承载及变形能力、延性、耗能、损伤等。结果表明:一体化复合墙板节点的破坏顺序为腹板-翼缘-节点核心区;薄弱位置主要发生在腹板脚部,混凝土被拉裂或压碎,钢筋被拉长或压弯等;节点核心区受力相对良好,安全储备充足;符合“强节点,弱构件”设计要求和墙板革新发展政策。延性系数大于3,墙板节点安全性能良好。通过损伤指标评估分析,了解了试件各阶段工作状态。

考虑负载和时延的船舶无线网络节点流量控制

针对船舶无线网络稳定性较差,易出现负载失衡、信息传输时延高的问题,研究考虑负载和时延的船舶无线网络节点流量控制方法。此方法利用有向图优化船舶无线网络结构与节点分层结构;计算船舶无线网络节点负载占用率与可用率,提取负载均衡的节点通信路径;使用基于RTT的拥塞流量分配算法,以缩短延时为目标,考虑负载和时延的船舶无线网络节点流量控制。实验结果显示:此方法使用后,船舶紧急业务、关键业务、普通业务在无线网络中分组投递率提升,解决了负载失衡问题;紧急业务端到端时延低于100 ms,关键业务与普通业务端到端时延低于1 000 ms,流量控制效果较好。

低影响开发设施组合下的城市雨洪调控情景模拟研究

【目的】低影响开发(Low Impact Development,LID)作为一种新型雨洪管理方法,包括绿色屋顶、雨水花园、透水铺装等典型措施,对降雨径流有明显的控制作用,能够有效降低城市内涝隐患。【方法】以浙江省海宁市为例,基于暴雨洪水管理模型(Storm Water Management Model,SWMM),模拟不同重现期(1 a、5 a、10 a、30 a、50 a)、不同布设比例(20%,50%,100%)LID组合措施情景下的城市内涝过程,分析海宁市溢流分布情况、程度及其原因,探讨溢流区域LID组合措施对节点溢流、地表径流以及管网负载的影响。【结果】结果表明:在不同设计降雨情景下联合路、海昌路、水月亭西路、西山路以及隆兴港等地管网溢流较为严重;LID组合措施布设比例相同时,随着重现期的增加,LID组合措施对地表径流和节点溢流的削弱作用呈下降趋势,LID措施的作用趋于饱和状态;重现期为30 a和50 a、布设比例为50%时,地表径流的削减为45.92%和44.09%。【结论】LID组合措施对雨洪的控制作用有限,降雨强度对节点溢流、地表径流起主导作用。海宁市部分老旧小区管道年份较长,管径较短,管网溢流情况严峻,建议重点关注区域管网改造和LID措施空间布局。研究成果对于海绵城市建设规划、缓解城市内涝灾害具有一定参考价值。

基于二次型迭代逼近法的电力系统电压鞍结分岔点识别

为实现负荷增长过程中电力系统鞍结分岔点(SNB)的快速准确识别,提出一种直接计算电力系统电压崩溃点的二次型迭代逼近方法,基于系统中PQ节点输出的PV曲线为近似二次型的特点,在节点功率平衡方程中引入负荷增长参数,运用复合函数求导法则就功率方程进行两次求导,理论推导节点电压对负荷参数的一阶、二阶导数表达式,由此确定PV曲线二项式,依靠顶点坐标确定电力系统鞍结分岔点的初始位置,经多次迭代收敛逼近电压崩溃点。所提方法避免了连续潮流法的多次潮流计算,可显著降低计算量。以IEEE 14,IEEE 118节点系统进行仿真验证,证明了该方法的有效性,相较增补P’Q节点法及戴维南等值法,二次型迭代逼近法具有较高的计算效率和鲁棒性。

六向钢节点摆动电弧增材制造及其承载性能

根据六向钢节点结构特点,采用分区成形、平面切片以及摆动与偏置填充的策略制造。为了避免钢节点已成形部分与弧焊枪的相互干涉,将六向钢节点分为直壁圆筒区、两管相贯区和三管相贯区。直壁圆筒区采用摆动填充,两管相贯与三管相贯区分别采用轮廓偏置填充与混合路径填充。合理的成形策略与摆动电弧增材制造工艺,使成形的六向钢节点有良好力学性能与高的成形精度,摆动电弧增材制造六向钢节点整体尺寸偏差为(±1.30)mm。有限元分析和台架测试电弧增材制造六向钢节点在实际工况条件下相贯区的最大应力为36.7MPa,远小于堆积金属屈服强度,始终处于弹性状态,具有高的承载性能。

覆冰拉线测风塔钢绞线预应力施加方法

拉线测风塔是由直立的桁架结构塔身和沿高度方向斜向布置的数层钢绞线组成的高耸结构。在正常设计和建造的情况下,测风塔结构物发生破坏的概率之高在土工结构物中实属罕见。其中,有不少测风塔的结构破坏是在风荷载和覆冰荷载联合作用下发生的。目前,由于我国对覆冰荷载和风荷载联合作用下测风塔结构整体稳定性方面的研究还不够成熟,所以有必要进行如下研究。应用ANSYS有限元软件建立拉线测风塔模型,根据规范对其施加风荷载和覆冰荷载,通过改变钢绞线的预应力大小,观察塔身的节点位移情况,总结覆冰情况下拉线测风塔塔身位移规律,并最终确定更加合理的钢绞线预应力施加方法。

基于多跳分簇算法的异构融合通信网络节点负载均衡方法

针对网络节点负载不均衡、节点能量消耗较大、网络吞吐量较低的问题,提出基于多跳分簇算法的异构融合通信网络节点负载均衡方法。依据异构融合通信网络实时(RT)和非实时(NRT)业务的服务质量满意度,应用效用函数结合三角模融合算子,将重载网络通信业务转移至轻载网络,实现异构融合通信网络业务负载均衡;运用多跳分簇路由算法,依据节点位置和其所剩能量选取簇头,通过减少网络边缘的簇头数量,节省网络能量消耗,通过簇头节点剩余能量和链路权值大小选取下一路由,构建簇间路由通信机制,实现异构融合通信网络节点负载均衡。在实验验证方面,在5.5×15^(3)个周期时,存货节点为0,吞吐量最高可达到13.5×15^(4)bit,出色地完成异构融合通信网络节点负载均衡,合理选取簇头节点,减少节点能量的消耗,提升节点生存周期和网络吞吐量。

斜齿轮疲劳寿命及节点位移修形方法研究

针对齿轮传动系统疲劳寿命分析困难和修形局限性问题,通过Adams动力学仿真得到时域接触力曲线,并作为模拟分析载荷谱;结合有限元静态求解历程及齿轮材料的S-N曲线,在nCode中解析了斜齿轮副疲劳寿命;在应变分析引导的基础上,提出一种节点位移修形方法,对等分截面节点变形量进行K-Means聚类整合;利用最优象征节点位移的类指基函数拟合方法得到齿廓修正曲线,与轮齿受载产生的变形量高度吻合;相比于传统的直线型修形,疲劳寿命提高16.98%。将齿轮啮合过程中的受力不均载情况通过节点变形反馈,对渐开线齿廓进行有效修正,平衡啮合界面受力分布,延长疲劳寿命。

基于级联宽度学习与麻雀算法的非侵入式负荷分解方法

深度学习被广泛应用于非侵入式负荷分解中,其分解精度高但存在网络结构复杂、训练过程极度耗时等问题,并且对计算资源有一定要求,难以与嵌入式设备集成使用。对此,面向低频数据,提出一种基于级联宽度学习与麻雀算法的非侵入式负荷分解方法。首先,改进宽度学习特征节点的连接方式,构建各目标设备的级联宽度学习负荷分解网络。然后,通过麻雀搜索算法确定各目标设备分解网络的最优特征节点和增强节点数,实现负荷的高效分解。最后,基于实际数据集UK-DALE进行了仿真实验,通过与常用的非侵入式负荷分解方法进行比较,验证了所提方法的优越性。

考虑节点负载的光纤通道多路数据混合传输方法

由于数据传输节点能量有限,易受到节点负载不均衡影响,无法选择有效的传输通道,因此节点存活率较低、时延较高。为此,提出了考虑节点负载的光纤通道多路数据混合传输方法。采用关键能量平均值计算方法,计算所有路由路径关键能量值,根据光纤通道整体能耗选择传输路径。通过可变边界的时间轴多路复用帧结构,建立初始传送路径,采用能量平衡法为多路径分配传输工作量,估算各路径所承载的数据传输量。充分考虑节点负载,计算从源节点到目标节点的路由能量消耗,避免了节点过量负载。采用时分复用与波分复用混合方式,实现光纤通道多路数据混合传输。实验结果表明,该方法最高时延达到0.5 s,节点存活率为0.96,能够有效实现光纤通道多路数据高质量混合传输。