Identification of Important FPGA Modules Based on Complex Network

The globalization of hardware designs and supply chains,as well as the integration of third-party intellectual property(IP)cores,has led to an increased focus from malicious attackers on computing hardware.However,existing defense or detection approaches often require additional circuitry to perform security verification,and are thus constrained by time and resource limitations.Considering the scale of actual engineering tasks and tight project schedules,it is usually difficult to implement designs for all modules in field programmable gate array(FPGA)circuits.Some studies have pointed out that the failure of key modules tends to cause greater damage to the network.Therefore,under limited conditions,priority protection designs need to be made on key modules to improve protection efficiency.We have conducted research on FPGA designs including single FPGA systems and multi-FPGA systems,to identify key modules in FPGA systems.For the single FPGA designs,considering the topological structure,network characteristics,and directionality of FPGA designs,we propose a node importance evaluationmethod based on the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)method.Then,for the multi-FPGA designs,considering the influence of nodes in intra-layer and inter-layers,they are constructed into the interdependent network,and we propose a method based on connection strength to identify the important modules.Finally,we conduct empirical research using actual FPGA designs as examples.The results indicate that compared to other traditional indexes,node importance indexes proposed for different designs can better characterize the importance of nodes.

Measurement of Nodes Importance for Complex Networks Structural-Holes-Oriented

Mining important nodes in the complex network should not only consider the core nodes, but also consider the locations of the nodes in the network. Despite many researches on discovering important nodes, the importance of nodes in the structural holes is still ignored easily. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of local centrality measurement based on structural holes, which evaluates the nodes importance both by direct and indirect constraints caused by the lack of structural holes around the nodes. In this method, the attributes and locations of the nodes and their first-order and second-order neighbors are taken into account simultaneously. Deliberate attack simulation is carried out through selective deletion in a certain proportion of network nodes. Calculating the decreased ratio of network efficiency is to quantitatively describe the importance of nodes in before-and-after attacks. Experiments indicate that this method has more advantages to mine important nodes compared to clustering coefficient and k-shell decomposition method. And it is suitable for the quantitative analysis of the nodes importance in large scale networks.

基于重要性分数的CUR矩阵分解识别WSN异常节点

现有异常节点识别方法普遍存在精度低或者功耗大等不足,针对这些不足,提出一种基于低秩矩阵分解的无线传感器网络异常节点识别算法。根据传感器节点的特性进行特征选取和属性矩阵构建;通过改进的CUR矩阵分解方法计算异常矩阵;依据异常矩阵中节点向量的总体均值和标准差设定控制限,判断节点是否发生异常。实验结果表明,与其它异常识别方法相比,该方法具有较高的识别准确率。

经皮二氧化碳分压监测在硬质支气管镜下Feng′s EBUS-TBNB中的应用

目的:探讨经皮二氧化碳分压(transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide,PtcCO_(2))监测在硬质支气管镜下冯氏气管内超声引导纵隔切开活检(Feng′s endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial node biopsy,Feng′s EBUS-TBNB)中的应用。方法:收集2019年8月—2022年8月期间天津医科大学总医院收治的纵隔疾病患者128例,随机分成Feng′s EBUS-TBNB组和支气管内超声引导针吸活检术(endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration,EBUS-TBNA)组,患者均予高频喷射通气行硬质支气管镜下操作及PtcCO_(2)监测,EBUS-TBNA组患者行EBUS-TBNA,Feng′s EBUS-TBNB组患者行Feng′s EBUS-TBNB术,比较两组患者术前(T0)、通气开始时(T_(1))、通气10 min后(T_(2))、通气20 min后(T3)、通气30 min后(T_(4))、通气40 min后(T_(5))、通气50 min后(T_(6))、通气60 min后(T_(7))心率(heart rate,HR)、平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)和PtcCO_(2)的变化。结果:T_(1)~T_(7)时,两组患者HR、MAP和PtcCO_(2)水平均明显高于T0时(P<0.05)。T0~T_(2)时,两组患者HR、MAP和PtcCO_(2)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T3~T_(5)时,Feng′s EBUS-TBNB组HR、MAP和PtcCO_(2)水平均明显高于EBUS-TBNA组(P<0.05);而T_(6)~T_(7)时,两组患者HR、MAP和PtcCO_(2)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:将PtcCO_(2)应用于Feng′s EBUS-TBNB中,可间接反映患者HR、MAP水平变化,值得临床推广应用。

进口再生塑料颗粒中双酚A、双酚S的溶出特性研究

为了加强我国进口塑料颗粒的监管,降低我国进口再生塑料颗粒使用风险,建立更加完善、更加严格的限值标准。本文以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚苯乙烯(PS)以及丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)为原料的进口再生塑料颗粒为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱-紫外检测法对5种进口再生塑料颗粒中双酚A和双酚S的含量进行分析,并进一步探究接触时间、温度及模拟溶液对再生塑料颗粒中双酚A和双酚S溶出的影响。结果表明:(1)5种进口再生塑料颗粒中,ABS颗粒中双酚A、双酚S含量均为最高,含量平均值分别为(69.44±5.32)mg/kg与(125.59±5.62)mg/kg。(2)探究接触时间影响因素过程中,双酚A和双酚S在模拟溶液的溶出量总体在96~168 h内增长较快,直到240 h溶出量达到平衡。(3)探究温度影响因素过程中,在70℃条件下双酚A和双酚S总溶出量均明显大于40℃与25℃。(4)探究模拟溶液影响因素过程中,双酚S在乙酸模拟液中均未溶出,双酚A在乙醇中的溶出量明显高于乙酸,存在相似相溶解效应。

Ranking important nodes in complex networks by simulated annealing

In this paper, based on simulated annealing a new method to rank important nodes in complex networks is presented.First, the concept of an importance sequence（IS） to describe the relative importance of nodes in complex networks is defined. Then, a measure used to evaluate the reasonability of an IS is designed. By comparing an IS and the measure of its reasonability to a state of complex networks and the energy of the state, respectively, the method finds the ground state of complex networks by simulated annealing. In other words, the method can construct a most reasonable IS. The results of experiments on real and artificial networks show that this ranking method not only is effective but also can be applied to different kinds of complex networks.

Resilience based importance measure analysis for SoS

In a system of systems(SoS),resilience is an important factor in maintaining the functionality,stability,and enhancing the operation effectiveness.From the perspective of resilience,this paper studies the importance of the SoS,and a resilience-based importance measure analysis is conducted to provide suggestions in the design and optimization of the structure of the SoS.In this paper,the components of the SoS are simplified as four kinds of network nodes:sensor,decision point,influencer,and target.In this networked SoS,the number of operation loops is used as the performance indicator,and an approximate algorithm,which is based on eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix,is proposed to calculate the number of operation loops.In order to understand the performance change of the SoS during the attack and defense process in the operations,an integral resilience model is proposed to depict the resilience of the SoS.From different perspectives of enhancing the resilience,different measures,parameters and the corresponding algorithms for the resilience importance of components are proposed.Finally,a case study on an SoS is conducted to verify the validity of the network modelling and the resiliencebased importance analysis method.

基于D-S证据理论的时序网络节点重要性研究

特征向量中心性是衡量复杂网络节点重要性的有效方法之一,但时序网络特征向量中心性无法衡量节点的全局重要性。因此引入D-S证据理论,将每一时间层的节点重要性作为一个信息源,通过Dempster规则进行多源信息融合从而得到节点的全局重要性。在Enron、Workspace实证网络数据集上的实验结果显示,基于D-S证据理论的时序网络特征向量中心性比其他方法的Spearman相关系数平均提高22.9%和21.8%,表明该方法能够有效地将时序网络特征向量中心性运用于衡量节点的全局重要性。

基于有限关键节点及Wasserstein距离的配网拓扑识别

明确配电网结构是配电网最优潮流、安全评估、网络重建、故障定位的基础。针对现有配电网拓扑识别方法缺乏结合现有网络结构参数和潮流信息,仅通过量测数据来进行拓扑识别效率低的问题,提出一种基于有限关键节点及Wasserstein距离的配电网拓扑识别方法。首先,利用子空间扰动模型证明配网拓扑变化时,可以利用有限的关键节点来进行拓扑识别,基于熵值法的混合K-Shell算法引入影响度概念,通过影响度与节点电气距离得出节点的重要度,确定配电网拓扑结构中的关键节点。其次,基于密度的噪声应用聚类算法通过电压、电流、有功、无功等4个特征来进行节点的聚类,将其他节点与关键节点进行类别归属,再结合Wasserstein距离得出节点间的连接关系从而得出配电网的拓扑结构。最后,通过IEEE 33节点算例和某小区实例,验证该方法的有效性。该方法极大地提高配电网拓扑识别效率与正确率,实现了配网拓扑结构的动态识别。

基于Shapley值的作战体系单元价值评估

现代战争是体系与体系的对抗,如何根据作战体系特征进行有效建模,分析拓扑结构及作战功能,准确评估复杂作战体系中各军事单元的实际价值,不仅能够对敌方目标进行有效打击,也可用于己方作战单元的有效防护。将作战体系按照“侦、控、打、保、评”功能域进行划分,将其归纳为包括侦察网、指挥网、战斗网、通讯网4个核心子网的耦合作战体系,继而转化为4层多路复用网络,在充分考虑网络结构以及军事特征的基础上,构建了基于Shapley值的体系作战单元价值评估算法,并提出基于系统功能损毁曲线的效能仿真验证方法。经过与其他节点重要性计算方法比较,所提出的方法具有较高的准确度和较低的计算复杂度,可以迅速获得可靠的评估结果。

Importance of Standards Underlined in State Council's National Nutrition Plan

The General Office of the State Council released National Nutrition Plan(2017-2030)(Plan for short)to improve national health and nutrition on July 13.The plan sets a goal to make substantial improvements by 2030 in reducing student obesity,anemia,and stunted development affl icting children younger than 5,as well as raising

考虑RSR法的交直流混联电网结构脆弱性研究

交直流混联电网能够在较大范围内均衡电力系统运行时的潮流,有利于提升新能源大规模接入电网的接入容量及接入范围,是现代电网发展的重要趋势。为分析交直流混联系统的结构脆弱性,避免电网大停电事故的发生,提出一种基于秩和比(RSR)法的电网结构脆弱性分析方法。首先,基于复杂网络结构特性建立脆弱性指标集,其次选用RSR法结合主、客观评价法得到节点脆弱性综合权重值,最后,为验证所提方法的有效性,以EPRI-36节点交直流混联系统为基础算例进行节点脆弱性分析,结果表明该方法具有可行性。

计及节点重要度协同知识模型的电力通信QoS路由策略

“双碳规划”下电网面临形态和功能的集约升级,区域内节点化、模块化特征愈加突出,亟需研究一种计及节点特性的路由算法,来保障通信网支撑能力。首先,依托节点的电网影响度和拓扑关系定义了重要度参数。其次,从状态转移、自适应搜索收敛控制等方面将重要度嵌入策略模型,引导路由优化方向。然后,引进参数知识模型挖掘优化问题的相关知识,协同重要度指导后续优化过程,降低了蚁群系统的参数敏感性。最后,通过仿真证明在满足服务质量(quality of service,QoS)前提下,策略模型计及节点重要度的知识型路由能快速收敛,并提供了良好而稳定的主备用路由性能。

改进TOPSIS法的武汉城市轨道交通节点重要度评估

随着城市轨道交通规模的不断发展,如何快速有效地挖掘重要站点对轨道交通的安全运营具有重要意义。以2021年底武汉城市轨道交通为研究对象,运用Space-L方法构建武汉地铁网络拓扑结构;考虑节点所处的局部环境和节点在网络中的全局属性,引入进行网页排名的PageRank算法,分析了客流量对地铁站点的影响;最后通过基于余弦相似性TOPSIS法代替传统TOPSIS法来解决节点重要度排序的问题。研究结果表明:武汉城市轨道交通网络为无标度网络,整个线路呈现出小环线、长放射线的模式,放射线过长会造成长距离通勤放射线过分依赖市中心的换乘,易造成客流的不均衡;重要度排名靠前的车站在轨道交通网络中拥有着较多的邻居节点、位置相对中心化、客流量较大且具有较高的局部重要性和全局重要性;与单一指标评估结果相比,笔者方法更加全面客观并赋予了不同属性指标权重,使得评价更加全面,且能在一定程度上改善因欧式距离失效而产生的逆序现象。

基于s域节点导纳矩阵的谐振稳定性分析方法

谐振稳定性问题在新型电力系统背景下日益突出,目前缺乏在大系统层面进行谐振稳定性分析的有效方法。在阐述谐振稳定性的定义和机理的基础上,提出了基于s域节点导纳矩阵原理实现谐振稳定性分析的完整方法。该方法分2个阶段完成,首先在假定系统阻尼为0的条件下确定各谐振模态的无阻尼谐振频率、节点电压振型和最佳可控可观测节点;然后在考虑系统所有阻尼的条件下,基于系统降阶和系统辨识的思路,采用测试信号法精确计算出谐振模态对应的特征根。进一步还可计算出各谐振模态对特定元件参数的灵敏度。该方法避免了直接求解s域节点导纳矩阵行列式零点的困难,为在大系统层面开展电力系统谐振稳定性分析提供了可靠途径。

熵-TOPSIS-IFPA聚类方法在中欧班列运输节点风险识别中的应用

中欧班列运输网络中关键节点风险影响班列线路规划和运营安全。通过分析中欧班列运输节点的物理网络拓扑特性,结合考虑服务网络中节点服务能力的重要性,提出熵-逼近理想解排序法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)节点重要度评估方法。考虑节点受外部宏观因素影响可能失效的情况,引入国家运输支撑力衡量节点失效可能,提出重要性-失效可能分析模型(Importance-Failure Possibility Analysis,IFPA)识别中欧班列关键运输节点风险,并采用K-Means++聚类算法对节点进行风险划分。通过构建中欧班列全域运输网络进行案例分析,结果表明该模型可有效识别节点风险且节点风险分类结果符合实际情况。高、中、低风险区和风险监测区分别对应5、10、7和6个关键运输节点。对运输节点进行风险分类有助于分级管理中欧班列运输风险,保障运输安全。

China’s alfalfa market and imports: Development, trends, and potential impacts of the U.S.-China trade dispute and retaliations

This study examines the development and trends of China’s alfalfa market and imports, identifies key factors for the rapid increase in China’s alfalfa imports, and discusses potential impacts of the U.S.-China trade dispute and retaliations on the alfalfa markets and trade in both nations. China’s rapid transition toward larger-scale commercial dairy production, with enhanced feed and cost management as well as quality and safety control, and its limited resources for high-quality alfalfa production are key factors for the dramatic increase in its alfalfa imports, from 19 601 metric tons in 2008 to 1.38 million metric tons(mmt) in 2018. While the United States dominated China’s alfalfa imports with an average share of 97.01% from 2007 to 2017, the share dropped to 83.76% in 2018 and 63.28% in January 2019 due to the trade dispute and retaliations started in 2018. China will likely remain a large importer of alfalfa because of both its growing demand and the comparative advantages of imported alfalfa in quality and price, but the imports from the United States will be highly affected by the ongoing trade dispute and negotiations. China is also expected to make more efforts to reduce its dependence on U.S. alfalfa through increased investment in domestic alfalfa production and identification of alternative sources of alfalfa and other hay imports.

A New Layer W/Cu/S Polymer with Heterobimetallic Nodes and Tridentate Trithiocyanuric Acid

Solvothermal reaction of [WS4]2-with CuCN and trithiocyanuric acid（L1） in orga-nic solvents gave rise to a new W/Cu/S polymer with a 2D anionic network,namely [Et4N]2[WS4Cu3（C3N3S3H1.5）2]（1）.The anionic layer of 1 is constructed by the T-shaped {WS4Cu3} subunits as nodes and L1 as linkers and features a（4,4） topology.Both 1 and its isomorphous compound [Et4N]2[MoS4Cu3（C3N3S3H1.5）2]（2） have been fully characterized by X-ray crystal analysis,IR and microanalyses.Compounds 1 and 2 show optical transitions with band gaps of 2.17 and 1.84 eV,respectively.

基于node.js和Qt的B/S+C/S混合模式下的专用业务信息系统研究与设计

随着互联网技术的发展及各式商用信息产品的普及,专用业务信息系统用户的需求和使用习惯的变化更加频繁,传统C/S架构的专用业务信息系统不能很好地满足新的市场变化的需求。针对这一现状,本文使用HTML5、node.js、Qt Web Engine、Thrift等一系列新的技术,并吸取B/S架构的优势,提出了一种B/S+C/S混合模式系统架构,采用了服务化和分布式的思想,使得系统既具备了C/S模式强大的数据操作和事务处理能力,又兼容了B/S模式便捷的维护升级以及良好的用户体验特性,能够对用户的新需求进行快速响应。