Study of hypoechoic nodule diagnosis of BPH in outer gland of the prostate by TRUS and autopsy

To investigate the possibility of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in prostatic outer gland by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and autopsy examination.Methods Fifty-nine patients were biopsied by TRUS guided in sagittal and longitudinal sections,respectively,because hypoechoic nodules were found in the outer glands of the prostates.The specimens were stained by HE methods.The whole prostate specimens obtained from 16 men at autopsy were studied.Sonogram of the specimens was investigated by putting them in water.Them the specimens were sliced down perpendicularly to the urethra,histologically processed and stained by HE methods.Results Pathologically,22 of the 59 specimens were of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH),29 of prostate cancer (PCa),1 of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and 7 of tuberculosis (TB).A clear-cut interface between inner gland and outer gland,and multiple calculi and cysts were found on sonogram.Pathological diagnosis of BPH of the outer glands was made in all HE-stained autopsied specimens with varying degrees of hyperplasia of the glands,small muscles and stroma.Conclusion It is suggested that hypoechoic nodules in outer gland of the prostate by TRUS on sonogram may be benign hyperplastic nodules besides PCa,PIN,and TB.10 refs,5 figs.

A controlled study of positron-emission-tomography and positron-emission-tomography/computed tomography in differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules—report of 60 cases

The differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules （SPNs） remains a challenge. It is acknowledged that combining positron-emission tomography （PET） and computed tomography （CT） offers the most reliable noninvasive method for the diagnosis of SPNs. Since Townsend et al1 developed integrated PET/CT in 1999, this technique has increasingly been introduced into clinical practice. To date, nuclear medicine physicians have usually undertaken PET/CT diagnosis, but the question is surfacing as how to make full use of the information of CT image to improve the accuracy of SPN diagnosis. To answer this question, we performed a retrospective study on 60 patients with SPNs.

Training benefits of virtual bronchoscopy prior to Endobronchial Ultrasound Guide sheath

Research questions. How does a virtual bronchoscopy navigation system (VBNS) improve prediction of candidate bronchus across a range of doctors investigating a range of lesions with Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) guide sheath? To what extent do benefits of virtual bronchoscopic pre-procedure navigation apply to experienced versus inexperienced bron- choscopists? Methods: Using archived EBUS Guide sheath cases, a comparison was made between identified candidate 4th order bronchus by Computerised tomography (CT) evaluation versus that identified after virtual path creation. Results: From 7 archived cases, 14 doctors identified the correct bronchus in 94 of 98 assessments (95%). Percentage of cases where there was an improvement in localisation by 2 or more 4th order bronchi was 39.8% overall (28.6% – 51.0%), 26.6 for experienced and 53.1 for inexperienced bronchoscopists (p < 0.02). The absolute mean number of 4th order bronchi different between CT and VBNS was 2.0 ± 2.6 overall, 1.2 (range 0-6) for experienced, and 2.8 (range 0-11) for inexperienced bronchoscopists. Virtual Path software calculation time was 8.1 ± 2.7 minutes, compared to 3.6 ± 2.1 minutes by CT. Conclusion: VBNS allowed rapid accurate assessment with minimal software training. Greatest benefits in reduction of procedure time were obtained in inexperienced bronchoscopists, and VBNS could allow more rapid skill development in EBUS GS in these doctors.