Breast Cancer: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects in Pointe Noire (Congo Brazzaville)

Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. The objective of our study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of breast cancer at the General Hospital of Loandjili in Pointe Noire. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study that took place in the Cancer Department of the General Hospital of Loandjili in Pointe Noire during the period from January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2016 for duration of 5 years. 54 records of patients over 18 years of age with histological evidence were collected. The variables studied were: age, level of education, time to presentation, telltale sign, stage of extension, histological type, and histological grade. Chi-square test was used to compare variables and groups. Results: At the end of this study, we collected 54 files of breast cancer patients from 150 patients hospitalized in the Cancer Department. The frequency of breast cancer was 36%. The average age was 50 ± 13.6 years;the extremes were 27 years and 79 years. The most represented age group was from 37 to 40 years old with a percentage of 28%. The patient’s level of study was primary in the majority of cases (57%). The most represented histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma, (100%). The majority of patients arrived at advanced stages 44.4% and metastatic stages 26%. Patients were treated in most of cases by chemotherapy (82%), surgery (42%) and radiotherapy (10%). There was a correlation between time of presentation and stage of extension. Conclusion: Breast cancer is the first cancer of the woman in Pointe Noire. Patients arrive at advanced stages;the most common histological type is invasive ductal carcinoma. The presentation time is correlated with the extension stage. These results suggest the establishment of a cancer control program in developing countries.

Hydrochemical Characteristics of the Groundwater AQ1 of the Region from Pointe-Noire to Congo Brazzaville

The study is interested in chemical quality of water of the one of the five aquifers, unconfined water AQ1, (other free groundwaters AQ2, AQ3, AQ4 and AQ5 being captive) in the area of Pointe-Noire. A series of physicochemical analysis was carried out on the samples of water of the zone. The results of these analyses were treated starting from a chemical-hydro method which uses the diagrams of Piper, Stabler, Schoeller Berkaloff, Stiff, Wilcox and the statistical methods classic. These chemical-hydro results made it possible to highlight the prevalence of sodic and potassic facies chlorinated in groundwaters of the unconfined water of the area of Pointe-Noire. In this area, the groundwaters of the unconfined water gather in three principal-hydro facies: sodic and potassic chlorinated waters are the most important (66.7%) in the studied water;calcic and magnesian bicarbonated water (16.65%) and bicarbonated sodic and potassic ones (16.65%). This study reveals that the groundwaters of the area of Pointe-Noire undergo an intrusion saltworks. As a whole, these groundwaters require in certain cases, a specific treatment before consumption.

Rooting Abilities in <i>Vitis vinifera</i>L.: Total Lipid and Fatty Acids Evolution in Perle Noir Cutting

Rooting ability in Vitis vinifera L. is the phenomena studied. The evolution of the total lipids contents and fatty acids amount of cuttings during the rooting were determined. Total lipid extraction was carried out by an extraction solvent consisting of a mixture of chloroform and methanol. Methylation of fatty acids was carried out by the boron trifluoride methanol complex. Their analysis is performed by gas chromatography. We have obtained a content of merithallus lipids equivalent with then in bibliography. In other hand 3 fatty acids were obtained: eicosapentaenoic acid, oleic acid and docosanoic acid. Among the studied of rooting abilities, we observed decreased levels of total lipids and in the essential fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid C20:5 n-3 and oleic acid C18:1 n-9. Minor fatty acids cuttings experimental have a variable evolution. Lipids and certain fatty acids may be markers of rooting in the vine.

Metastatic Breast Cancer Survival in Pointe Noire: Analysis of 30 Cases

Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. About 5% to 10% of breast cancer patients present with metastases. While the 5-year survival of patients with local breast cancer varies around 98.8%, this survival rate drops to around 26.3% for metastatic patients. The objective of this study was to determine the survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer in resource-limited settings. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that took place in the Cancer Department of the General Hospital of Loandjili in Pointe Noire during the period from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2018, for duration of 6 years. 30 records of patients over 18 years of age and with histological evidence who received at least 3 courses of chemotherapy were collected. The variables studied were: age, level of education, socio-economic level, menopausal status, history, WHO status, menopausal status, tumor size, histological type, tumor location, the type of treatment and survival. Survival was calculated by Kaplan Meier method. Fisher’s exact test was used to search for correlation between variables. Results: The average age was 52.62 ± 10.96 years old. The extremes were 33 years and 75 years old. The most represented level of education was the primary level in 67% of cases. The majority of patients had low socioeconomic status in 50% of cases. The patients were menopausal in 57% of cases. The antecedents of cancer were present in 13% of cases. 50% of patients had a WHO status performance at 2. The tumor size was greater than 2 cm in 77% of cases. The most represented histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma in 93% of cases. The most represented histological grade was Scharff grade III Richardson bloom in 80% of cases. The most represented metastatic localization was pulmonary in 33% of cases. The metastatic localizations were unique in 47% of cases and multiple in 53% of cases. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy was more used in 53% of cases. Bivariate analysis revealed a correlation between tumor size and number of metastases, p 0.05. Patients treated with anthracyclines were greater than that of patients treated with taxanes in combination was 26.48 months, p > 0.05. Conclusion: Metastatic breast cancer remains an incurable disease, its survival remains low despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances that remain difficult to access for our resource-poor developing countries. Patients are treated with conventional chemotherapy (anthracyclines and taxanes). The most common metastases are respectively pulmonary, hepatic and cerebral in our context.

Groundwater Flow Assessment Using Modflow 6 and Model Muse: Application to Pointe-Noire Coastal Aquifers, Congo-Brazzaville

As numerical modeling is an effective tool for managing groundwater resources and predicting future responses, in this study, the author has intended to assess groundwater flow through Modflow 6 and Model Muse into Pointe-Noire coastal aquifers. The results showed that the fourth scenario has the biggest effect on the drawdown and seawater intrusion extent. Different parameters including evapotranspiration, recharge, model boundary, etc. were adjusted to run the model. The fourth scenario with the highest pumping rate value caused a slight increase of head values over the values simulated.

Epidemiological Clinical and Histological Aspects of Gynecological and Breast Cancer in Pointe Noire (Congo Brazzaville)

INTRODUCTION: The objective of our study was to determine the epidemiological clinical and histological aspects of gynecological and breast cancers in Pointe-Noire. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective descriptive study that took place in the cancerology and internal medicine department during the period from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021, i.e. a period of 10 years. Women with histological diagnosis of gynecological and breast cancers were included in our study. The variables studied were: frequency, age, alcohol and tobacco consumption, histological type, stage of extension, location of cancer. Bivariate analysis was done between age and location of the tumour. The statistical test used was the KHI2 test. The results were statistically significant for a value of p RESULTS: We collected 400 files from women with cancer. Among the 400 files, 265 were represented by gynecological and breast cancers, that is a frequency of 65.43%. Among the 265 cases of gynecological and breast cancer identified during this study period, breast cancer represented the first rank with 52% frequency. Cervical cancer accounted for 41% followed by ovarian cancer (5%) and endometrial (2%). Cancer of vulva was represented by a single case. The average age of patients with gynecological and breast cancers during our study was 52 ± 12 years. The average age of patients with cancer of the breast, cervix, ovarian, endometrial was respectively 49 ± 11.97 years, 54.73 ± 12.91 years old, 50 ± 14 years, 67 ± 14.24 years, the age of the vulva cancer patient was 51 years old. The histological type of breast cancer was represented by infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma in 91% of cases, invasive lobular carcinoma in 7% and sarcoma in 2%. Cervical cancers were represented by squamous cell carcinomas in 95% of cases and adenocarcinomas in 5% of cases. Vulva cancer was represented by squamous cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer was represented by epithelial tumors (adenocarcinoma) in 100% of cases. Endometrial cancers were represented by endometrial adenocarcinoma. All cancers were diagnosed at advanced stages (locoregional and metastatic stage). Patients over the age of 50 had more gynecological and breast cancers;but this result was not significant. CONCLUSION: Gynecological and breast cancers are frequent and constitute the first cancer of Congolese women in Pointe-Noire. Breast cancer is the first cancer followed by cancer of the cervix and ovaries. The histological types are those of the literature. Patients with gynecological and breast cancers consult at very advanced stages.

Stratigraphic Data and Groundwater Resources in the Coastal Sedimentary Basin of the Pointe-Noire Region (Republic of Congo)

The synthesis of geological and petroleum research undertaken in the coastal Sedimentary Basin of the Pointe-Noire region enabled the establishment of a lithostratigraphic scale. It has been observed that the order in which the series observed in outcrop and those encountered by deep wells succeed each other has allowed a value to be given to this relative scale. The study area corresponds to a longitudinal tectonic accident, fault or flexure. It belongs to the Cretaceous and Tertiary coastal sedimentary basin covered by the Plio-Pleistocene age formations (series of circuses), formed of highly permeable sands comprising multiple resistant horizons that store large bodies of water whose reserves are considered very important. Hydrographic network is composed of four main basins with a mediocre size. The quality of this groundwater is considered to be satisfactory for household consumption, but the sustainable management of these reserves requires constant checks on their quality as well as on the level of the reserves. All these resources put the agglomeration of Pointe-Noire close to large exploitable water reserves that meet the need for drinking water, even if, on the whole, the agglomeration is still experiencing many difficulties in terms of its drinking water supply.

Evaluation of Viral Hepatitis B Treatment in Pointe-Noire in 2016

Prevalence of hepatitis B in Pointe-Noire is 23%. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of therapeutic management of patients with hepatitis B in Pointe-Noire. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study. Results: 302 patients included: 217 (72%) men and 85 (28%) women of median age 40 years. The viral load was measured in 140 (46%) patients and in 162 (54%), the viral load was not measured. Their distribution according to the viremia was as follows: 0 - 1 log = 1 (0.7%) patients;1.5 to 2 log = 23 (16%) patients;2.5 to 3 log = 49 (35%) patients;>3log = 55 (39%) patients. Of the 302 patients included, 36 (11%) patients were treated with antivirals and 253 (83%) patients were not. Conclusion: The number of patients treated for chronic viral hepatitis B was low. Our results show interest for improved preventive and curative management of hepatitis B in Congo in order to reduce the existing high prevalence.

Fulminant Hepatitis Following Ritonavir-Nevirapine-Efavirenz Regimen in a Female HIV Patient in Pointe-Noire in 2016

Current antiretroviral therapy has reduced morbidity and mortality of HIV patients. However, their induced hepatotoxicity constitutes a risk. In this issue, we report a clinical case of fulminant hepatitis, observed in the HIV unit of the hepatogastroenterology department of the General hospital of Loandjili in Pointe-Noire. The patient is a 36-year-old female HIV treated with triple-dug combination antiretroviral therapies (ART) including one antiprotease (ritonavir) and two non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nevirapine and efavirenz). He developed fulminant hepatitis five years after treatment initiation. He succumbed to the side effects. Although antiretroviral combination therapies are the standard of care for HIV infection, increased vigilance is warranted to early identify this side effect and adjust treatment in order to prevent fatal consequences.

Domestic noir in Anglo-American Literature

In order to highlight the contribution of Literature to the study of Domestic Violence,this essay will reflect on the relevance of some Anglo-American literary works,integrated in the Domestic Gothic or Domestic Noir,a subgenre of the psychological thriller,distinguished by the peculiarity of representing a woman in danger as its main character.The family can be the most commonly considered luminous space of harmony,affection and quiet domesticity,but everything can turn upside down whenever this stereotype is reversed drastically.The so-called domestic noir,a new genre popularized in 2013,deals with these dualities,demonstrating that gothic fiction has always been interested in family conflicts and domestic violence in its most varied forms,turning them into sources of terror so relevant to our time.

Role of CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocyte in the Onset of Stroke in People Living with HIV in Pointe-Noire

Objective: To determine the role of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the onset of stroke in people living with HIV. Methodology: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study from January to July 2019, in the neurology department of loandjili general hospital, including any patient hospitalized for a first episode of stroke confirmed by brain scan. The study variables were: age, sex, CRP value, serum T cell CD4+, CD8+. The statistical analysis was carried out using the EPI info 7 software. Results: Twenty stroke patients were included. The relative frequency of HIV was 20%. The risk factors were potentiated by immunosuppression of CD4+ T cells. Sixty percent (60%) of the patients had a CD4+ count < 200/mm3 and the mean CD4+ count was ±191/mm3. Stroke was the predominant mechanism of injury with a frequency of 70%, the only injury mechanism of stroke in patients with CD8+ T cell count > 800/mm3 (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Risk factors are potentiated by TCD4+ lymphocyte immunosupression, also CD8+ lymphocytes of immune system activation marker are a cardiovascular risk factor for living people with HIV.

Noir ＆ Blanc——“异域欣快”

又一波瑞典时尚将撞击上海。这一次,以部落文化为题材,以"异域欣快"为名的Noir&Blanc(娜衣)时装秀,是一场与Jazz du Funk舞团联手的跨界演出,在时尚与现代舞艺术中自由来去。Noir&Blanc的两位女性设计师Petra Thoms(沛茶)和Linnea Carlgren(琳娜),与Jazz du Funk的舞者们重新定义传统秀场的秀演形式,只为给中国观众们带来难忘今宵。2011年4月9日在800秀,体验"异域欣快"与"

罪与罚:黑色电影中的城市影像与空间建构

电影的发展与都市的成长紧密相联,20世纪上半叶兴起的黑色电影以美国的现代化城市为环境背景,记录了大量的城市影像。该文借由黑色电影对“大都市”的想象、建构和表达,结合对早期经典影片的分析,从建筑学角度研究黑色电影与城市空间的互动关系,探讨电影对城市的表达方式,揭示城市空间如何参与电影叙事,拓展对黑色电影空间的理解边界,探究城市空间建构的新路径。

基于GIS的中国北方酿酒葡萄歌海娜(Grenache Noir)生态适宜性区划

利用中国北方1981—2010年的地面气候资料计算了无霜期、≥10℃积温、最冷月平均气温、极端最低气温等指标,结合地理信息系统(GIS)技术,确定了欧亚种酿酒葡萄可种植的北界,在可种植区的基础上基于集优法采用≥10℃积温、干燥度和土壤类型完成了中国北方酿酒葡萄歌海娜(Grenache Noir)的生态适宜性区划。结果表明:歌海娜生态最适宜区主要分布在山东中部的沂山低山丘陵区和胶东半岛的低山丘陵区大部;河北的遵化、迁西、抚宁和秦皇岛;河南的洛河、伊河流域;另外,辽宁的绥中西北部、陕西的商洛和丹凤、甘肃的陇南白龙江流域也为歌海娜的优质生态区。

纳米零价铁对武威产区黑比诺葡萄新梢和叶片生长及光合特性的影响

【目的】探究叶面喷施不同浓度的纳米零价铁肥对河西走廊武威产区黑比诺葡萄植株光合特性及生长发育的影响。【方法】以甘肃武威市依诺酒庄的黑比诺酿酒葡萄为材料,设置5个不同质量浓度纳米零价铁肥喷施处理T1(5 mg·L^(-1))、T2(10 mg·L^(-1))、T3(15 mg·L^(-1))、T4(20 mg·L^(-1))、T5(25 mg·L^(-1))和1个清水喷施作为对照(CK),喷施时间6月18日开始,每隔15 d喷一次,共5次,每个处理选取长势良好、整齐一致的葡萄树植株54株,试验设3次重复,测定其叶片SPAD值、叶面积、新梢长度和粗度、叶片荧光参数等指标。【结果】喷施不同浓度的纳米零价铁对葡萄植株新梢基部粗度、节间长度、叶绿素相对含量以及叶面积均具有促进作用。此外,处理较CK相比,叶片光合作用和光能吸收与传递作用明显增加,且能不同程度地增加葡萄叶片的SPAD值,且以T5(25 mg·L^(-1))处理最佳;各处理叶片初始荧光(F0)随着纳米零价铁肥喷施呈现出先降低后升高的趋势;其次,叶面喷施不同浓度纳米零价铁肥可不同程度地提高叶片实际光化学效率(花后60~90 d)、光化学淬灭系数(花后30~45 d)、电子传递速率(花后60~90 d)、净光合速率(花后45~90 d)和气孔导度,说明叶面喷施纳米零价铁肥可增强黑比诺酿酒葡萄的光合活性,提高其叶片PSⅡ光能转化效率和光能利用率,降低通过非光化学途径的能量耗散,最终增加积累的光合产物。【结论】喷施适宜浓度的纳米零价铁肥能显著提升植株叶片光合荧光参数、叶绿素相对含量、新梢基部粗度、节间长度等,对净光合速率、蒸腾速率有促进作用,以25 mg·L(-1 T5)质量浓度处理效果最佳。

河西走廊不同产地黑比诺葡萄果实品质评价

【目的】为确定黑比诺酿酒葡萄的核心品质指标,建立黑比诺酿酒葡萄品质综合评价模型。【方法】在河西走廊武威市凉州区、武威市民勤县、嘉峪关市和张掖市4个产区5个产地代表性果园共采集5份黑比诺葡萄果实样品进行品质测定,通过主成分分析和聚类分析法确定黑比诺葡萄核心品质指标,运用层次分析法确定指标权重并建立‘黑比诺’葡萄品质综合评价模型。【结果】不同产地果实基本品质、糖酸组分和香气物质总含量存在明显差异,综合主成分分析和聚类分析分析结果,构建了黑比诺葡萄品质综合评价公式为:Y(综合得分)=0.408 3×可溶性固形物含量的标准化值+0.176 3×香气物质种类的标准化值+0.118 8×奎宁酸含量的标准化值+0.296 7×可滴定酸含量的标准化值。【结论】综合分析得出,武威市凉州区清源镇‘黑比诺’葡萄综合品质较好,而武威市民勤县收成镇黑比诺香气物质积累较多。

科恩兄弟黑色电影色彩研究

科恩兄弟的黑色电影以其独特的叙事风格、引人入胜的影像世界而在国际影坛独树一帜。他们的作品为黑色电影的延续注入了新鲜的活力和创意,通过错综复杂的离奇故事描写边缘人的生活状态,表达出两位导演对哲学和古希腊的悲剧命题的思考。本文通过梳理对科恩兄弟黑色电影与传统黑色电影的渊源,以及着重分析科恩兄弟黑色电影中空间地理、情绪感知和人物塑造的色彩作用,归纳科恩兄弟黑色电影作品的色彩美学意义。文章运用对比研究法、个案分析法对科恩兄弟黑色电影的彩色艺术风格试做探析。

浅析梅西安的《LE MERLE NOIR》

法国作曲家梅西安的作品《鸟类志》运用从各地采集、记录的鸟歌旋律进行的创作,是极富代表性的作品。《Le merle noir》是其中的一个乐章,为钢琴和长笛演奏,本文将以该乐章为研究对象,分析其结构与音乐发展特点,了解作曲家在该部作品中的创作特色和独特的艺术特点。

汉语颜色词“白”、“黑”与法语颜色词“Blanc”、“Noir”对比分析

不同的颜色词在不同国家、不同语言、不同文化中可以代表不同的象征意义。我们不仅注意到了颜色词的基本含义和象征意义,同时也注意到了两种颜色词在它们的国家、文化以及不同历史背景下的不同含义。汉法两种语言的'黑'和'白'是特别丰富的两种颜色词,在某些情况下可以表示不同的颜色词的联想意义。以下的研究将基于汉语'黑''白'与法语'Noir''Blanc'颜色词两种基本颜色词联想意义进行简要的比较,找出它们的联想意义的相似性和不同点,并找出两种语言在使用颜色词时的异同点。