In the past years, great progresses have been made on quantum computation and quantum simulation. Increasing the number of qubits in the quantum processors is expected to be one of the main motivations in the next yea...In the past years, great progresses have been made on quantum computation and quantum simulation. Increasing the number of qubits in the quantum processors is expected to be one of the main motivations in the next years, while noises in manipulation of quantum states may still be inevitable even the precision will improve. For research in this direction, it is necessary to review the available results about noisy multiqubit quantum computation and quantum simulation. The review focuses on multiqubit state generations, quantum computational advantage, and simulating physics of quantum many-body systems. Perspectives of near term noisy intermediate-quantum processors will be discussed.展开更多
Minimizing the effect of noise is essential for quantum computers.The conventional method to protect qubits against noise is through quantum error correction.However,for current quantum hardware in the so-called noisy...Minimizing the effect of noise is essential for quantum computers.The conventional method to protect qubits against noise is through quantum error correction.However,for current quantum hardware in the so-called noisy intermediate-scale quantum(NISQ)era,noise presents in these systems and is too high for error correction to be beneficial.Quantum error mitigation is a set of alternative methods for minimizing errors,including error extrapolation,probabilistic error cancella-tion,measurement error mitigation,subspace expansion,symmetry verification,virtual distillation,etc.The requirement for these methods is usually less demanding than error correction.Quantum error mitigation is a promising way of reduc-ing errors on NISQ quantum computers.This paper gives a comprehensive introduction to quantum error mitigation.The state-of-art error mitigation methods are covered and formulated in a general form,which provides a basis for comparing,combining and optimizing different methods in future work.展开更多
Qubit measurement is generally the most error-prone operation that degrades the performance of near-term quantum devices,and the exponential decay of readout fidelity severely impedes the development of large-scale qu...Qubit measurement is generally the most error-prone operation that degrades the performance of near-term quantum devices,and the exponential decay of readout fidelity severely impedes the development of large-scale quantum information processing.Given these disadvantages, we present a quantum state readout method, named compression readout, that naturally avoids large multi-qubit measurement errors by compressing the quantum state into a single qubit for measurement. Our method generally outperforms direct measurements in terms of accuracy, and the advantage grows with the system size. Moreover, because only one-qubit measurements are performed, our method requires solely a fine readout calibration on one qubit and is free of correlated measurement error, which drastically diminishes the demand for device calibration. These advantages suggest that our method can immediately boost the readout performance of near-term quantum devices and will greatly benefit the development of large-scale quantum computing.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11934018, T2121001, 11904393, and 92065114)the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program (Grant No. XDB28000000)+1 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. Z200009)Scientific Instrument Developing Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. YJKYYQ20200041)。
文摘In the past years, great progresses have been made on quantum computation and quantum simulation. Increasing the number of qubits in the quantum processors is expected to be one of the main motivations in the next years, while noises in manipulation of quantum states may still be inevitable even the precision will improve. For research in this direction, it is necessary to review the available results about noisy multiqubit quantum computation and quantum simulation. The review focuses on multiqubit state generations, quantum computational advantage, and simulating physics of quantum many-body systems. Perspectives of near term noisy intermediate-quantum processors will be discussed.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11875050 and 12088101)NSAF(Grant No.U1930403).
文摘Minimizing the effect of noise is essential for quantum computers.The conventional method to protect qubits against noise is through quantum error correction.However,for current quantum hardware in the so-called noisy intermediate-scale quantum(NISQ)era,noise presents in these systems and is too high for error correction to be beneficial.Quantum error mitigation is a set of alternative methods for minimizing errors,including error extrapolation,probabilistic error cancella-tion,measurement error mitigation,subspace expansion,symmetry verification,virtual distillation,etc.The requirement for these methods is usually less demanding than error correction.Quantum error mitigation is a promising way of reduc-ing errors on NISQ quantum computers.This paper gives a comprehensive introduction to quantum error mitigation.The state-of-art error mitigation methods are covered and formulated in a general form,which provides a basis for comparing,combining and optimizing different methods in future work.
基金supported by the Youth Talent Lifting Project(Grant No.2020-JCJQ-QT-030)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.11905294,and 12274464)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science FoundationOpen Research Fund from State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing of China(Grant No.201901-01)。
文摘Qubit measurement is generally the most error-prone operation that degrades the performance of near-term quantum devices,and the exponential decay of readout fidelity severely impedes the development of large-scale quantum information processing.Given these disadvantages, we present a quantum state readout method, named compression readout, that naturally avoids large multi-qubit measurement errors by compressing the quantum state into a single qubit for measurement. Our method generally outperforms direct measurements in terms of accuracy, and the advantage grows with the system size. Moreover, because only one-qubit measurements are performed, our method requires solely a fine readout calibration on one qubit and is free of correlated measurement error, which drastically diminishes the demand for device calibration. These advantages suggest that our method can immediately boost the readout performance of near-term quantum devices and will greatly benefit the development of large-scale quantum computing.
