Non-isothermal oxidation of brown coal with 5 wt% of Cu(NO3)2, 5 wt% of Ce(NO3)3 and {2.5 wt% Cu(NO3)2 + 2.5 wt% Ce(NO3)3} additives was studied. The introduction of additives was carried out by an incipient wet impre...Non-isothermal oxidation of brown coal with 5 wt% of Cu(NO3)2, 5 wt% of Ce(NO3)3 and {2.5 wt% Cu(NO3)2 + 2.5 wt% Ce(NO3)3} additives was studied. The introduction of additives was carried out by an incipient wet impregnation method to ensure uniform distribution of cerium and copper nitrates within the structure of coal powdery samples (according to SEM and EDX mapping). The samples reactivity was studied in an isothermal oxidation regime at 200 °C (1 h) and by DSC/TGA at 2.5 °C/min heating rate. The additives implementation was found to reduce significantly the oxidation onset temperature (△Ti = 20-55 °C), the samples oxidation delay time (△ti= 2-22 min) and overall duration of the oxidation process (△tc = 8-16 min). The additives efficiency could be graded in accordance with the activation on the coal oxidation in the following row: Cu(NO3)2 >{Cu(NO3)2 + Ce(NO3)3}> Ce(NO3)3. According to the mass spectroscopy, the obtained row of activation correlates well with the initial temperature of the studied nitrate's decomposition (from 190 to 223 °C). A presence of nitrates was found to change significantly the trend of heat release taking place during the oxidation of coal samples (according to DSC/TGA data). The influence of coal morphology and volatiles concern in initial sample on the parameters of the oxidation process was studied as well. Activation energy (Ea) of the coal oxidation was calculated using Coats-Redfern method. Maximum decrease in Ea from 69 to 58 kJ/mol was observed for the samples with Cu(NO3)2. Graphical abstract.展开更多
Based on the theory of continuum mechanics of multi-pbase media, a mathematical model and non-linear FEM equation of the coupling instability problem of solid-fluid biphase media for coal-methane outburst under finite...Based on the theory of continuum mechanics of multi-pbase media, a mathematical model and non-linear FEM equation of the coupling instability problem of solid-fluid biphase media for coal-methane outburst under finite deformation are established. The critical conditions of the surface instability are presented as the singularity of the total stiffness matrices of the coal body for coal-methaue outburst. That means the deformtion or the coal body emerges bifurcatiou phenomena. The numerical simulation of a typical outburst is made.展开更多
This work explored the way to improve hot modulus q/' rupture (HMOR) and refractoriness under load (RUL) by adding mild-calcined coal gangue (MCG) in Al2O3 -SiO2 ultra low cement (ULC) castables, making use o...This work explored the way to improve hot modulus q/' rupture (HMOR) and refractoriness under load (RUL) by adding mild-calcined coal gangue (MCG) in Al2O3 -SiO2 ultra low cement (ULC) castables, making use of the in-situ effect of the MCG during heating-up. The influence of respective additions of 5%, 10% and 1.5% of the MCG powders calcined at 700℃ was investigated on HMOR at 1400 ℃ and RUL of the castables. With increased addition of the MCG, HMOR and RUL become significantly enhanced. At 10% of the MCG addition, HMOR reaches 3 MPa, as compared to 0. 3 MPa in the case of no MCG addition. RUL of the specimens dried at 110 ℃for 24 h can be increased by some 270 ℃ with 10% of the MCG addition. RUL 0.11 the specimens preheated at 1 500℃ for 3 h maintains the growth trend with the MCG addition increasing. The microstructure of the heated castable samples was investigated by means of SEM. The in-situ formed needle-like and interlaced mullite in the matrix is contributive to the tmprovement.展开更多
This kinetic study focuses on determining the thermal gravimetric profile of a particular grade of Indian sub-bituminous coal. A thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA-1000) was employed to investigate the thermal behavior a...This kinetic study focuses on determining the thermal gravimetric profile of a particular grade of Indian sub-bituminous coal. A thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA-1000) was employed to investigate the thermal behavior and extract the kinetic parameters of Jamadoba coal and its corresponding density sepa<span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">rated macerals. The weight loss was measured in air atmosphere. The coal </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">samples used in this study were obtained from Jamadoba mines, Jharkhand. Sam</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">ples of 35 mg and 200 μm mean size were subjected to synthetic air atmos</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">pheres (21% O</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">). Heating rates of 2, 5 and 7</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;"></span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">C/min were applied until the tempera</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">ture reached 1400</span></span><span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">C, which was kept constant until burnout. Low heating</span></span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;"> rate was preferred so that devolatilization occurs prior to ignition and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">combust</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">ion. Derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) analysis method was applied to </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">measure the weight changes and rates of weight loss used for calculating the kinetic parameters. The activation energy (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">E</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">a</span></sub></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">) and pre-exponential factor were obtained </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">from model-free methods by applying non-isothermal thermogravimetry</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;"> analysis.</span></span></span>展开更多
Thick and ultra-thick coal seams are main coal seams for high production rate and high efficiency in Chinese coal mines, which accounts for 44 % of the total minable coal reserve. A fully mechanized top-coal caving mi...Thick and ultra-thick coal seams are main coal seams for high production rate and high efficiency in Chinese coal mines, which accounts for 44 % of the total minable coal reserve. A fully mechanized top-coal caving mining method is a main underground coal extraction method for ultra-thick coal seams. The coal extraction technologies for coal seams less than 14 m thick were extensively used in China. However, for coal seams with thickness greater than 14 m, there have been no reported cases in the world for underground mechanical extraction with safe performance, high efficiency and high coal recovery ratio. To deal with this case, China Coal Technology & Engineering Group, Datong Coal Mine Group, and other 15 organizations in China launched a fundamental and big project to develop coal mining technologies and equipment for coal seams with thicknesses greater than 14 m. After the completion of the project, a coal extraction method was developed for top-coal caving with a large mining height, as well as a ground control theory for ultra-thick coal seams. In addition, the mining technology for top-coal caving with a large mining height, the ground support technology for roadway in coal seams with a large cross-section, and the prevention and control technology for gas and fire hazards were developed and applied. Furthermore, a hydraulic support with a mining height of 5.2 m, a shearer with high reliability, and auxiliary equipment were developed and manufactured. Practical implication on the technologies and equipment developed was successfully completed at the No. 8105 coal face in the Tashan coal mine, Datong, China. The major achievements of the project are summarized as follows: 1. A top-coal caving method for ultra-thick coal seams is proposed with a cutting height of 5 m and a top-coal caving height of 15 m. A structural mechanical model of overlying strata called cantilever beam-articulated rock beam is established. Based on the model, the load resistance of the hydraulic support with a large mining height for top-coal caving method is determined. With the analysis, the movement characteristics of the top coal and above strata are evaluated during top-coal caving operation at the coal face with a large mining height. Furthermore, there is successful development of comprehensive technologies for preventing and controlling spalling of the coal wall, and the top-coal caving technology with high efficiency and high recovery at the top-coal caving face with a large mining height. This means that the technologies developed have overcome the difficulties in strata control, top-coal caving with high efficiency and high coal recovery, and enabled to achieve a production rate of more than 10 Mtpa at a single top-coal caving face with a large mining height in ultra-thick coal seams; 2. A hydraulic support with 5.2 m supporting height and anti-rockburst capacity, a shearer with high reliability, a scraper conveyor with a large power at the back of face, and a large load and long distance headgate belt conveyor have been successfully developed for a top-coal caving face with large mining height. The study has developed the key technologies for improving the reliability of equipment at the coal face and has overcome the challenges in equipping the top-coal caving face with a large mining height in ultra-thick coal seams; 3. The deformation characteristics of a large cross-section roadway in ultra-thick coal seams are discovered. Based on the findings above, a series of bolt materials with a high yielding strength of 500-830 MPa and a high extension ratio, and cable bolt material with a 1 × 19 structure, large tonnage and high extension ratio are developed. In addition, in order to achieve a safe roadway and a fast face advance, installation equipment for high pre-tension bolt is developed to solve the problems with the support of roadway in coal seams for top-coal caving operation with a large mining height; 4. The characteristics of gas distribution and uneven emission at top-coal caving face with large mining height in ultra-thick coal seams are evaluated. With the application of the technologies of gas drainage in the roof, the difficulties in gas control for high intensive top-coal caving mining operations, known as "low gas content, high gas emission", are solved. In addition, large flow-rate underground mobile equipment for making nitrogen are developed to solve the problems with fire prevention and safe mining at a top-coal caving face with large mining height and production rate of more than 10 Mtpa. A case study to apply the developed technologies has been conducted at the No. 8105 face, the Tashan coal mine in Datong, China. The case study demonstrates that the three units of equipment, i.e., the support, shearer and scraper conveyor, are rationally equipped. Average equipment usage at the coal face is 92.1%. The coal recovery ratio at the coal face is up to 88.9 %. In 2011, the coal production at the No. 8105 face reached 10.849 Mtpa, exceeding the target of 10 Mtpa for a topcoal caving operation with large mining height performed by Chinese-made mining equipment. The technologies and equipment developed provide a way for extracting ultra-thick coal seams. Currently, the technologies and equipment are used in 13 mining areas in China including Datong, Pingshuo, Shendong and Xinjiang. With the exploitation of coal resources in Western China, there is great potential for the application of the technologies and equipment developed.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin(GP) in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: we performed a syst...Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin(GP) in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: we performed a systematicsearch in the electronic databases such as Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Embase, Chinese Journal Full-text Database,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Full-text Database andWanfang Database up to 30 January 2017. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) of Shenqi Fuzheng Injectioncombined with GP chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC were searched, and all the RCTs wereconducted on methodological quality assessment. Data extraction and data analysis were according to standards ofCochrane systematic review. Results: Eight trials were included including a total of 701 patients. Meta-analysisresults: Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with GP chemotherapy could significantly improve the functionalstatus of patients with NSCLC (OR = 3.44, 95% CI [2.26, 5.25], P 〈 0.0001) and clinical treatment efficacy (OR =(OR = 0.31, 95%CI [0.20, 0.47], P 〈 0.0001. The rate of leukopenia (OR = .31, 95%CI [0.20,0.47], P 〈 0.0001),thrombocytopenia (OR = 0.58, 95%CI [0.37, 0.91], P = 0.020), hemoglobin decline ((OR = 0.31, 95%CI [0.16,0.59], P = 0.0004) and incidence of gastrointestinal reactions (OR = 0.58,P 〈 0.05) could be reduced. Conclusion:Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with GP chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC obtainedsignificantly clinical efficacy. The quality of the literature incorporated is low, the conclusion requires high-qualityresearch to further prove.展开更多
A novel suspension-floating-circulating fluidized combustion technology is proposed for burning coal slurry fuel in traditional circulating ftuidized bed boilers (CFBB). This technology can solve some existing probl...A novel suspension-floating-circulating fluidized combustion technology is proposed for burning coal slurry fuel in traditional circulating ftuidized bed boilers (CFBB). This technology can solve some existing problems in large- capacity CFBB burning coal slurry. The principles of the suspension-floating-circulating fluidized combustion technology were introduced in detail in this paper. A 130 t/h CFBB was retrofitted based on the technology, and the retrofitted system mainly includes a long-distance transport sub-system, a bed-material conveying sub-system with a wind-seal device invented by the authors, a superheater thermoregulation device using a novel temperature regulator, a return loop flu- idization facility, and a pneumatic ash conveying sub-system with sealed pump. The achieved performance of the retro- fitted CFBB shows that the thermal efficiency is 89.83 %, the combustion efficiency is 96.24 %, and the blending proportion of slurry is 94 %.展开更多
Objectives Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) may play an important role in host's immune response to mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection. This study was to investigate the association of TNF-α...Objectives Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) may play an important role in host's immune response to mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection. This study was to investigate the association of TNF-α gene polymorphism with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) among patients with coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP). Methods A case-control study was conducted in 113 patients with confirmed CWP complicated with pulmonary TB and 113 non-TB controls with CWP. They were matched in gender, age, job, and stage of pneumoconiosis. All participants were interviewed with questionnaires and their blood specimens were collected for genetic determination with informed consent. The TNF-α gene polymorphism was determined with polymerase chain reaction of restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Frequency of genotypes was assessed for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability. Factors influencing the association of individual susceptibility with pulmonary TB were evaluated with logistic regression analysis. Gene-environment interaction was evaluated by a multiplieative model with combined OR. All data were analyzed using SAS version 8.2 software. Results No significant difference in frequency of the TNF-α-308 genotype was found between CWP complicated with pulmonary TB and non-TB controls (2,2=5.44, P=-0.07). But difference in frequency of the TNF-α-308 A allele was identified between them (2,2-5.14, P=0.02). No significant difference in frequencies of the TNF-α-238 genotype and allele (P=0.23 and P=0.09, respectively) was found between cases and controls either, with combined (GG and AA) OR of 3.96 (95% confidence interval of 1.30-12.09) at the -308 locus of the TNF-α gene, as compared to combination of the TNF-α-238 GG and TNF-α-308 GG genotypes. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of the TNF-α-238 GG and TNF-α-308 GA genotypes was 1.98 (95% CI of 1.06-3.71) for risk for pulmonary TB in patients with CWP. There was a synergic interaction between the TNF-a-308 GG genotype and body mass index (OR=4.92), as well as an interaction between the TNF-α-308 GG genotype and history of BCG immunization or history of TB exposure. And, the interaction of the TNF-α-238 GG genotype and history of BCG immunization or TB exposure with risk for pulmonary TB in them was also indicated. Conclusions TNF-α-308 A allele is associated with an elevated risk for pulmonary TB, whereas TNF-α-238 A allele was otherwise.展开更多
It is an effective way to use coal slime as fuel for circulating fluidized bed boilers, which will not only solve its pollution to the environment, but also turn waste to treasure. In order to provide basic technical ...It is an effective way to use coal slime as fuel for circulating fluidized bed boilers, which will not only solve its pollution to the environment, but also turn waste to treasure. In order to provide basic technical information for transportation of coal slime from the coal preparation plant to the boiler, this paper experimentally studied the rheological behaviors of coal slime produced by filter-pressing. By using a rotational viscometer, the influences of water content, temperature, and shear time on the rheological behaviors of coal slime were investigated. Experimental results show that the coal slime will behave like Bingham plastics with low water content and like Bingham pseudo-plastics with 37.5% water content,while like pseudo-plastics with 40% water content. This indicates that the water content of coal slime must be controlled in consideration of both transportation resistance and combustion efficiency. Study results also show that, the apparent viscosity of coal slime at 5℃ is about 1.5–1.7 times of that at 40℃ for water contents 32%–37.5%, while the influence of temperature can be neglected when the water content is 40%. With increasing of water content, the influences of shear time on the apparent viscosity of coal slime becomes less. When the water content is more than 30%, the effect of shear time is negligible. It indicates that water content has the most important influence on the rheological behaviors of coal slime. There must be an optimal water content in considering conveying resistance and combustion efficiency. The environmental temperature must also be considered in coal slime transportation.展开更多
Although coal swelling/shrinking during coal seam gas extraction has been studied for decades,its impacts on the evolution of permeability are still not well understood.This has long been recognized,but no satisfactor...Although coal swelling/shrinking during coal seam gas extraction has been studied for decades,its impacts on the evolution of permeability are still not well understood.This has long been recognized,but no satisfactory solutions have been found.In previous studies,it is normally assumed that the matrix swelling/shrinking strain can be split between the fracture and the bulk coal and that the splitting coefficient remains unchanged during gas sorption.In this study,we defined the fracture strain as a function of permeability change ratio and back-calculated the fracture strains at different states.In the equilibrium state,the gas pressure is steady within the coal;in the non-equilibrium state,the gas pressure changes with time.For equilibrium states,the back-calculated fracture strains are extremely large and may be physically impossible in some case.For non-equilibrium states,two experiments were conducted:one for a natural coal sample and the other for a reconstructed one.For the fractured coal,the evolution of permeability is primarily controlled by the transition of coal fracture strain or permeability from local matrix swelling effect to global effect.For the reconstituted coal,the evolution of pore strain or permeability is primarily controlled by the global effect.展开更多
Using the air plasma ignition technique, physicochemical process of burning can be accelerated; concentration limit ofretrofires both can be extended; reliability of retrofires and stability of burning can be improved...Using the air plasma ignition technique, physicochemical process of burning can be accelerated; concentration limit ofretrofires both can be extended; reliability of retrofires and stability of burning can be improved. In this paper, using internalequivalent heat area in place of electric are that created Ohm heat, the flow fields of thermodynamic equilibrium chemistry con-gealment and chemistry non-equilibrium in the plasma generator were simulated. The influences of the inlet prerotation angleof air, the inlet total pressure of air and the airflow compression angle of spray nozzle on the temperature on the surface of elec-展开更多
文摘Non-isothermal oxidation of brown coal with 5 wt% of Cu(NO3)2, 5 wt% of Ce(NO3)3 and {2.5 wt% Cu(NO3)2 + 2.5 wt% Ce(NO3)3} additives was studied. The introduction of additives was carried out by an incipient wet impregnation method to ensure uniform distribution of cerium and copper nitrates within the structure of coal powdery samples (according to SEM and EDX mapping). The samples reactivity was studied in an isothermal oxidation regime at 200 °C (1 h) and by DSC/TGA at 2.5 °C/min heating rate. The additives implementation was found to reduce significantly the oxidation onset temperature (△Ti = 20-55 °C), the samples oxidation delay time (△ti= 2-22 min) and overall duration of the oxidation process (△tc = 8-16 min). The additives efficiency could be graded in accordance with the activation on the coal oxidation in the following row: Cu(NO3)2 >{Cu(NO3)2 + Ce(NO3)3}> Ce(NO3)3. According to the mass spectroscopy, the obtained row of activation correlates well with the initial temperature of the studied nitrate's decomposition (from 190 to 223 °C). A presence of nitrates was found to change significantly the trend of heat release taking place during the oxidation of coal samples (according to DSC/TGA data). The influence of coal morphology and volatiles concern in initial sample on the parameters of the oxidation process was studied as well. Activation energy (Ea) of the coal oxidation was calculated using Coats-Redfern method. Maximum decrease in Ea from 69 to 58 kJ/mol was observed for the samples with Cu(NO3)2. Graphical abstract.
文摘Based on the theory of continuum mechanics of multi-pbase media, a mathematical model and non-linear FEM equation of the coupling instability problem of solid-fluid biphase media for coal-methane outburst under finite deformation are established. The critical conditions of the surface instability are presented as the singularity of the total stiffness matrices of the coal body for coal-methaue outburst. That means the deformtion or the coal body emerges bifurcatiou phenomena. The numerical simulation of a typical outburst is made.
文摘This work explored the way to improve hot modulus q/' rupture (HMOR) and refractoriness under load (RUL) by adding mild-calcined coal gangue (MCG) in Al2O3 -SiO2 ultra low cement (ULC) castables, making use of the in-situ effect of the MCG during heating-up. The influence of respective additions of 5%, 10% and 1.5% of the MCG powders calcined at 700℃ was investigated on HMOR at 1400 ℃ and RUL of the castables. With increased addition of the MCG, HMOR and RUL become significantly enhanced. At 10% of the MCG addition, HMOR reaches 3 MPa, as compared to 0. 3 MPa in the case of no MCG addition. RUL of the specimens dried at 110 ℃for 24 h can be increased by some 270 ℃ with 10% of the MCG addition. RUL 0.11 the specimens preheated at 1 500℃ for 3 h maintains the growth trend with the MCG addition increasing. The microstructure of the heated castable samples was investigated by means of SEM. The in-situ formed needle-like and interlaced mullite in the matrix is contributive to the tmprovement.
文摘This kinetic study focuses on determining the thermal gravimetric profile of a particular grade of Indian sub-bituminous coal. A thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA-1000) was employed to investigate the thermal behavior and extract the kinetic parameters of Jamadoba coal and its corresponding density sepa<span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">rated macerals. The weight loss was measured in air atmosphere. The coal </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">samples used in this study were obtained from Jamadoba mines, Jharkhand. Sam</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">ples of 35 mg and 200 μm mean size were subjected to synthetic air atmos</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">pheres (21% O</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">). Heating rates of 2, 5 and 7</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;"></span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">C/min were applied until the tempera</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">ture reached 1400</span></span><span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">C, which was kept constant until burnout. Low heating</span></span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;"> rate was preferred so that devolatilization occurs prior to ignition and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">combust</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">ion. Derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) analysis method was applied to </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">measure the weight changes and rates of weight loss used for calculating the kinetic parameters. The activation energy (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">E</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">a</span></sub></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">) and pre-exponential factor were obtained </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;">from model-free methods by applying non-isothermal thermogravimetry</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;color:#000000;"> analysis.</span></span></span>
文摘Thick and ultra-thick coal seams are main coal seams for high production rate and high efficiency in Chinese coal mines, which accounts for 44 % of the total minable coal reserve. A fully mechanized top-coal caving mining method is a main underground coal extraction method for ultra-thick coal seams. The coal extraction technologies for coal seams less than 14 m thick were extensively used in China. However, for coal seams with thickness greater than 14 m, there have been no reported cases in the world for underground mechanical extraction with safe performance, high efficiency and high coal recovery ratio. To deal with this case, China Coal Technology & Engineering Group, Datong Coal Mine Group, and other 15 organizations in China launched a fundamental and big project to develop coal mining technologies and equipment for coal seams with thicknesses greater than 14 m. After the completion of the project, a coal extraction method was developed for top-coal caving with a large mining height, as well as a ground control theory for ultra-thick coal seams. In addition, the mining technology for top-coal caving with a large mining height, the ground support technology for roadway in coal seams with a large cross-section, and the prevention and control technology for gas and fire hazards were developed and applied. Furthermore, a hydraulic support with a mining height of 5.2 m, a shearer with high reliability, and auxiliary equipment were developed and manufactured. Practical implication on the technologies and equipment developed was successfully completed at the No. 8105 coal face in the Tashan coal mine, Datong, China. The major achievements of the project are summarized as follows: 1. A top-coal caving method for ultra-thick coal seams is proposed with a cutting height of 5 m and a top-coal caving height of 15 m. A structural mechanical model of overlying strata called cantilever beam-articulated rock beam is established. Based on the model, the load resistance of the hydraulic support with a large mining height for top-coal caving method is determined. With the analysis, the movement characteristics of the top coal and above strata are evaluated during top-coal caving operation at the coal face with a large mining height. Furthermore, there is successful development of comprehensive technologies for preventing and controlling spalling of the coal wall, and the top-coal caving technology with high efficiency and high recovery at the top-coal caving face with a large mining height. This means that the technologies developed have overcome the difficulties in strata control, top-coal caving with high efficiency and high coal recovery, and enabled to achieve a production rate of more than 10 Mtpa at a single top-coal caving face with a large mining height in ultra-thick coal seams; 2. A hydraulic support with 5.2 m supporting height and anti-rockburst capacity, a shearer with high reliability, a scraper conveyor with a large power at the back of face, and a large load and long distance headgate belt conveyor have been successfully developed for a top-coal caving face with large mining height. The study has developed the key technologies for improving the reliability of equipment at the coal face and has overcome the challenges in equipping the top-coal caving face with a large mining height in ultra-thick coal seams; 3. The deformation characteristics of a large cross-section roadway in ultra-thick coal seams are discovered. Based on the findings above, a series of bolt materials with a high yielding strength of 500-830 MPa and a high extension ratio, and cable bolt material with a 1 × 19 structure, large tonnage and high extension ratio are developed. In addition, in order to achieve a safe roadway and a fast face advance, installation equipment for high pre-tension bolt is developed to solve the problems with the support of roadway in coal seams for top-coal caving operation with a large mining height; 4. The characteristics of gas distribution and uneven emission at top-coal caving face with large mining height in ultra-thick coal seams are evaluated. With the application of the technologies of gas drainage in the roof, the difficulties in gas control for high intensive top-coal caving mining operations, known as "low gas content, high gas emission", are solved. In addition, large flow-rate underground mobile equipment for making nitrogen are developed to solve the problems with fire prevention and safe mining at a top-coal caving face with large mining height and production rate of more than 10 Mtpa. A case study to apply the developed technologies has been conducted at the No. 8105 face, the Tashan coal mine in Datong, China. The case study demonstrates that the three units of equipment, i.e., the support, shearer and scraper conveyor, are rationally equipped. Average equipment usage at the coal face is 92.1%. The coal recovery ratio at the coal face is up to 88.9 %. In 2011, the coal production at the No. 8105 face reached 10.849 Mtpa, exceeding the target of 10 Mtpa for a topcoal caving operation with large mining height performed by Chinese-made mining equipment. The technologies and equipment developed provide a way for extracting ultra-thick coal seams. Currently, the technologies and equipment are used in 13 mining areas in China including Datong, Pingshuo, Shendong and Xinjiang. With the exploitation of coal resources in Western China, there is great potential for the application of the technologies and equipment developed.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin(GP) in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: we performed a systematicsearch in the electronic databases such as Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Embase, Chinese Journal Full-text Database,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Full-text Database andWanfang Database up to 30 January 2017. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) of Shenqi Fuzheng Injectioncombined with GP chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC were searched, and all the RCTs wereconducted on methodological quality assessment. Data extraction and data analysis were according to standards ofCochrane systematic review. Results: Eight trials were included including a total of 701 patients. Meta-analysisresults: Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with GP chemotherapy could significantly improve the functionalstatus of patients with NSCLC (OR = 3.44, 95% CI [2.26, 5.25], P 〈 0.0001) and clinical treatment efficacy (OR =(OR = 0.31, 95%CI [0.20, 0.47], P 〈 0.0001. The rate of leukopenia (OR = .31, 95%CI [0.20,0.47], P 〈 0.0001),thrombocytopenia (OR = 0.58, 95%CI [0.37, 0.91], P = 0.020), hemoglobin decline ((OR = 0.31, 95%CI [0.16,0.59], P = 0.0004) and incidence of gastrointestinal reactions (OR = 0.58,P 〈 0.05) could be reduced. Conclusion:Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with GP chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC obtainedsignificantly clinical efficacy. The quality of the literature incorporated is low, the conclusion requires high-qualityresearch to further prove.
文摘A novel suspension-floating-circulating fluidized combustion technology is proposed for burning coal slurry fuel in traditional circulating ftuidized bed boilers (CFBB). This technology can solve some existing problems in large- capacity CFBB burning coal slurry. The principles of the suspension-floating-circulating fluidized combustion technology were introduced in detail in this paper. A 130 t/h CFBB was retrofitted based on the technology, and the retrofitted system mainly includes a long-distance transport sub-system, a bed-material conveying sub-system with a wind-seal device invented by the authors, a superheater thermoregulation device using a novel temperature regulator, a return loop flu- idization facility, and a pneumatic ash conveying sub-system with sealed pump. The achieved performance of the retro- fitted CFBB shows that the thermal efficiency is 89.83 %, the combustion efficiency is 96.24 %, and the blending proportion of slurry is 94 %.
基金supported by grants from China National Programs for Science and Technology Development (Grant No. 2003BA712A11-24)Scientific Research Fund of North China Coal Medical College (Grant No. 2005-14)
文摘Objectives Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) may play an important role in host's immune response to mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection. This study was to investigate the association of TNF-α gene polymorphism with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) among patients with coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP). Methods A case-control study was conducted in 113 patients with confirmed CWP complicated with pulmonary TB and 113 non-TB controls with CWP. They were matched in gender, age, job, and stage of pneumoconiosis. All participants were interviewed with questionnaires and their blood specimens were collected for genetic determination with informed consent. The TNF-α gene polymorphism was determined with polymerase chain reaction of restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Frequency of genotypes was assessed for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability. Factors influencing the association of individual susceptibility with pulmonary TB were evaluated with logistic regression analysis. Gene-environment interaction was evaluated by a multiplieative model with combined OR. All data were analyzed using SAS version 8.2 software. Results No significant difference in frequency of the TNF-α-308 genotype was found between CWP complicated with pulmonary TB and non-TB controls (2,2=5.44, P=-0.07). But difference in frequency of the TNF-α-308 A allele was identified between them (2,2-5.14, P=0.02). No significant difference in frequencies of the TNF-α-238 genotype and allele (P=0.23 and P=0.09, respectively) was found between cases and controls either, with combined (GG and AA) OR of 3.96 (95% confidence interval of 1.30-12.09) at the -308 locus of the TNF-α gene, as compared to combination of the TNF-α-238 GG and TNF-α-308 GG genotypes. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of the TNF-α-238 GG and TNF-α-308 GA genotypes was 1.98 (95% CI of 1.06-3.71) for risk for pulmonary TB in patients with CWP. There was a synergic interaction between the TNF-a-308 GG genotype and body mass index (OR=4.92), as well as an interaction between the TNF-α-308 GG genotype and history of BCG immunization or history of TB exposure. And, the interaction of the TNF-α-238 GG genotype and history of BCG immunization or TB exposure with risk for pulmonary TB in them was also indicated. Conclusions TNF-α-308 A allele is associated with an elevated risk for pulmonary TB, whereas TNF-α-238 A allele was otherwise.
基金the National Key Technology R&D Program for the 12th Five-Year Plan of China (No. 2014BAB01B03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51304192)
文摘It is an effective way to use coal slime as fuel for circulating fluidized bed boilers, which will not only solve its pollution to the environment, but also turn waste to treasure. In order to provide basic technical information for transportation of coal slime from the coal preparation plant to the boiler, this paper experimentally studied the rheological behaviors of coal slime produced by filter-pressing. By using a rotational viscometer, the influences of water content, temperature, and shear time on the rheological behaviors of coal slime were investigated. Experimental results show that the coal slime will behave like Bingham plastics with low water content and like Bingham pseudo-plastics with 37.5% water content,while like pseudo-plastics with 40% water content. This indicates that the water content of coal slime must be controlled in consideration of both transportation resistance and combustion efficiency. Study results also show that, the apparent viscosity of coal slime at 5℃ is about 1.5–1.7 times of that at 40℃ for water contents 32%–37.5%, while the influence of temperature can be neglected when the water content is 40%. With increasing of water content, the influences of shear time on the apparent viscosity of coal slime becomes less. When the water content is more than 30%, the effect of shear time is negligible. It indicates that water content has the most important influence on the rheological behaviors of coal slime. There must be an optimal water content in considering conveying resistance and combustion efficiency. The environmental temperature must also be considered in coal slime transportation.
基金supported by the State Key Research Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC0804203)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDB-SSW-DQC029)the Australian Research Council under Grant DP200101293.
文摘Although coal swelling/shrinking during coal seam gas extraction has been studied for decades,its impacts on the evolution of permeability are still not well understood.This has long been recognized,but no satisfactory solutions have been found.In previous studies,it is normally assumed that the matrix swelling/shrinking strain can be split between the fracture and the bulk coal and that the splitting coefficient remains unchanged during gas sorption.In this study,we defined the fracture strain as a function of permeability change ratio and back-calculated the fracture strains at different states.In the equilibrium state,the gas pressure is steady within the coal;in the non-equilibrium state,the gas pressure changes with time.For equilibrium states,the back-calculated fracture strains are extremely large and may be physically impossible in some case.For non-equilibrium states,two experiments were conducted:one for a natural coal sample and the other for a reconstructed one.For the fractured coal,the evolution of permeability is primarily controlled by the transition of coal fracture strain or permeability from local matrix swelling effect to global effect.For the reconstituted coal,the evolution of pore strain or permeability is primarily controlled by the global effect.
文摘Using the air plasma ignition technique, physicochemical process of burning can be accelerated; concentration limit ofretrofires both can be extended; reliability of retrofires and stability of burning can be improved. In this paper, using internalequivalent heat area in place of electric are that created Ohm heat, the flow fields of thermodynamic equilibrium chemistry con-gealment and chemistry non-equilibrium in the plasma generator were simulated. The influences of the inlet prerotation angleof air, the inlet total pressure of air and the airflow compression angle of spray nozzle on the temperature on the surface of elec-