Characteristics of non-thermal AC arcs in multi-arc generator

To obtain large-volume non-thermal arc plasma(NTAP), a multiple NTAP generator with three pairs of electrodes has been developed. The arc plasma characteristics, including dynamic process, spatial distribution, and rotation velocity in the discharge zone, were investigated by high speed photograph and image processing methods. The results showed that the dynamic behaviors and spatial distribution of the arc plasma were strongly related to the electrode configuration.A swirl flow of multi-arc plasma was formed by adjusting the electrode configuration, and a steady luminance area was clearly observed in the center of the discharge zone. Moreover, the size of the luminance area increased by decreasing the gas flow rate. The electrical connection in series could be formed between/among these arc columns with their respective driving power supplies in the multi-arc dynamic evolution process. An approximately periodical process of acceleration and deceleration of the arc rotation velocity was observed in the multi-arc generator with swirl flow configuration. In general, the mean velocity of arc rotation was higher in the multi-arc generator with swirl flow configuration when a pair of electrodes driven by a power supply were opposite to each other rather than adjacent.

High entanglement generation and high fidelity quantum state transfer in a non-Markovian environment

This paper analyses a system of two independent qubits off-resonantly coupled to a common non-Maxkovian reservoir at zero temperature. Compared with the results in Markovian reservoirs, we find that much higher values of entanglement can be obtained for an initially factorized state of the two-qubit system. The maximal value of the entanglement increases as the detuning grows. Moreover, the entanglement induced by non-Maxkovian environments is more robust against the asymmetrical couplings between the two qubits and the reservoir. Based on this system, we also show that quantum state transfer can be implemented for arbitrary input states with high fidelity in the non-Markovian regime rather than the Markovian case in which only some particular input states can be successfully transferred.

GENERAL DECAY FOR A POROUS-THERMOELASTIC SYSTEM WITH MEMORY: THE CASE OF NONEQUAL SPEEDS

The aim of this paper is to establish a general decay result for a one-dimensional porous elastic system with different speeds of wave propagation in the presence of macrotem- perature effect and visco-porous dissipation.

Optical generation,detection and non-destructive testing applications of terahertz waves

Optoelectronic terahertz generation and detection play a key role in the applications of non-destructive testing,which involves different areas such as physics,biological,material science,imaging,explosions detection,astronomy applications,semiconductor technology and superconductiong electronics. In this article,we present a reviewof the principle and performance of typical terahertz sources,detectors and non-destructive testing applications. On this basis,the newdevelopment and trends of terahertz radiation detectors are also discussed.

Non-Gaussianity and decoherence of generalized photon-added coherent state as a Hermite-excited coherent state

Generalized photon-added coherent state （GPACS） is creation and annihilation operations on the coherent state. obtained by repeatedly acting the combination of Bose It is found that GPACS can be regarded as a Hermiteexcited coherent state due to its normalization factor related to a Hermite polynomial. In addition, we adopt the Hilbert-Schmidt distance to quantify the non-Gaussian character of GPACS and discuss the decoherence of GPACS in dissipative channel by studying the loss of nonclassicality in reference of the negativity of Wigner function.

TRAJECTORY GENERATION AND CONTROL FOR NON-CIRCULAR CNC TURNING

A trajectory generation method which is based on NURBS interpolation is studied to improve the fitting accuracy and smoothness of non-circular cross section and obtain higher accuracy of the final non-circular profile control. After using the NURBS, the most optimized and smooth trajectory for the linear actuator can be obtained. For the purpose of machining the non-circular cross section by CNC turning, the fast response linear actuator has been used. The control algorithm which is compound control of proportional-integral-differential （PID） and iterative learning control has been developed for non-circular profile generation. By using the NURBS interpolation and the compound control of PID and iterative learning control, the final motion accuracy of linear actuator has been improved, therefore, the machining accuracy of the non-circular turning can be improved.

WEAK TYPE INEQUALITIES FOR FRACTIONAL INTEGRAL OPERATORS ON GENERALIZED NON-HOMOGENEOUS MORREY SPACES

We obtain weak type （1, q） inequalities for fractional integral operators on generalized non-homogeneous Morrey spaces. The proofs use some properties of maximal operators. Our results are closely related to the strong type inequalities in [13, 14, 15].

Analytical Evaluation of Non-Elementary Integrals Involving Some Exponential, Hyperbolic and Trigonometric Elementary Functions and Derivation of New Probability Measures Generalizing the Gamma-Type and Gaussian-Type Distributions

The non-elementary integrals involving elementary exponential, hyperbolic and trigonometric functions, and where α,η and β are real or complex constants are evaluated in terms of the confluent hypergeometric function 1F1 and the hypergeometric function 1F2. The hyperbolic and Euler identities are used to derive some identities involving exponential, hyperbolic, trigonometric functions and the hypergeometric functions 1F1 and 1F2. Having evaluated, these non-elementary integrals, some new probability measures generalizing the gamma-type and Gaussian distributions are also obtained. The obtained generalized probability distributions may, for example, allow to perform better statistical tests than those already known (e.g. chi-square (x2) statistical tests and other statistical tests constructed based on the central limit theorem (CLT)), while avoiding the use of computational approximations (or methods) which are in general expensive and associated with numerical errors.

Impact of next-generation sequencing on molecular diagnosis of inherited non-syndromic hearing loss

Hearing loss is one of the most common birth defects,with inherited genetic defects play an important role,contributing to about 60%of deafness occurring in infants.However,hearing impairment is genetically heterogeneous,with both common and rare forms occurring due to mutations in estimated 500 genes.Due to the large number and presumably low mutation frequencies of those genes,it would be highly expensive and time-consuming to address this issue by conventional gene-by-gene Sanger sequencing.Next-generation sequencing is a revolutionary technology that allows the simultaneous screening of mutations in a large number of genes.It is cost effective compared to classical strategies of linkage analysis and direct sequencing when the number or size of genes is large,and thus has become a highly efficient strategy for identifying novel causative genes and mutations involved in heritable disease.In this review, we describe major NGS methodologies currently used for genetic disorders and highlight applications of these technologies in studies of molecular diagnosis and the discovery of genes implicated in non-syndromic hearing loss.

Frequency dependence of quantum path interference in non-collinear high-order harmonic generation

High-order harmonic generation（HHG） driven by two non-collinear beams including a fundamental and its weak second harmonic is numerically studied. The interference of harmonics from adjacent electron quantum paths is found to be dependent on the relative delay of the driving pulse, and the dependences are different for different harmonic orders.This frequency dependence of the interference is attributed to the spatial frequency chirp in the HHG beam resulting from the harmonic dipole phase, which in turn provides a potential way to gain an insight into the generation of high-order harmonics. As an example, the intensity dependent dipole phase coefficient α is retrieved from the interference fringe.

Unsteady mixed convection flow over stretching sheet in presence of chemical reaction and heat generation or absorption with non-uniform slot suction or injection

The article examines the unsteady mixed convection flow over a vertical stretching sheet in the presence of chemical reaction and heat generation or absorption with non-uniform mass transfer. The unsteadiness is caused by the time dependent free stream velocity varying arbitrarily with time. Non-similar solutions are obtained nu- merically by solving the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations using the quasi- linearization technique in combination with an implicit finite difference scheme. To reveal the tendency of the solutions, typical results for the local skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are presented for different values of parameters. The effects of various parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions are discussed here. The present numerical results are compared with the previously published work, and the results are found to be in excellent agreement.

A Novel Non-Equidistant Grey GRM(1,1) Model Based on Reciprocal Accumulated Generating

Applying the reciprocal accumulated generating and the reconstruction method of GRM(1,1) model’s background value of non-equidistant sequence based on the exponential trait of grey model and the definition of integral for the problem of lower precision as well as lower adaptability in non-equidistant GM(1,1) model, the calculation formulas were deduced and a novel non-equidistant GRM(1,1) model generated by reciprocal accumulated generating was put forward. The grey GRM(1,1) model can be used in non-equidistant interval & equidistant interval time series and has the characteristic of high precision as well as high adaptability. Example validates the practicability and reliability of the proposed model.

THE MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND GENERALIZED VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES OF NONLINEAR ANALYSIS FOR PERFORATED THIN PLATES

On foe basis of the Kirchoff-Karman hypothses for the nonlinear bending of thin plates, the three kinds of boundary value problems of nonlinear analysis for perforated fhin plates are presented under the differenr in-plane boundary conditions and the corresponding generalized varialional principles are established. One can see that all mathematical models presented in this paper are completely new ones and differ from the ordinary von Karman theory. These mathematical models can be applied to the nonlinear analysis and the Stability analysis of perforaled thin plates in arbitraryplane boundary conditions.

Generalized Variational Merging of Multi-source Precipitation Data Based on the Non-Gaussian Model

Different from other domestic and foreign research in which the optimum interpolation(OI) merging algorithm is commonly used,this paper constructs the non-Gaussian model for generalized variational precipitation data merging research based on the non-Gaussianity of precipitation data. For CMORPH data correction,the probability density function( PDF) matching method is adopted,during which the GAMMA function fitting is utilized,and the generalized variational merging based on non-Gaussian model is used to merge corrected CMORPH precipitation data and station ground observation precipitation data. Meanwhile,we carry out an experiment on CMORPH precipitation data correction and the merging of multisource precipitation data based on non-Gaussian model. By measuring the structural similarity between the merged field and the reference field,we get a merging method that can better retain useful " outliers" which represent weather phenomena. The experimental results accord with our expectations.

Laser-Assisted Generation and Detection of Non-Nuclear Low-Energy Neutrino-Antineutrino Beams

It is argued that conservation of energy, momentum, and spin, and QM transition probabilities, allow the generation and detection of low-energy (eV) neutrinos and antineutrinos in intra-atomic (non-nuclear) laser transitions. Two-quantum transitions between an upper and lower excited state in a lasing medium can support paired emissions of a neutrino and a recoiling counter-propagating anti-neutrino, each carrying half of the lasing transition energy. Their propagations are in opposite directions along the same axis as that of the intracavity laser beam in the lasing medium. Estimates show that the probability of this two-quantum event is on the order of 10−7 compared to a one-quantum stimulated emission of a laser photon. Absorptions or emissions of single antineutrinos or neutrinos by molecular/atomic matter are impossible because they carry spins s = ±h/2 which violates Δs = ±nh (n = integer) required for such processes. However, inside a laser, emissions of photons from excited states can be stimulated by neutrinos or anti-neutrinos passing through, provided their undulation frequency is resonant with the transition frequency. This is because in stimulated emissions, neutrinos or antineutrinos are not absorbed, and spin conservation violation is not an issue. Thus, detection of the passage of a laser-generated antineutrino or neutrino beam through a second “receiver” laser is possible provided that the transition energy in the second laser equals half the transition energy of the laser that emits the antineutrino-neutrino beam to be detected.

Comparison of next generation sequencing-based and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-based approaches for fetal aneuploidy non-invasive prenatal testing

Over the past few years, many researchers have attempted to develop non-invasive prenatal testing methods in order to investigate the genetic status of the fetus. The aim is to avoid invasive procedures such as chorionic villus and amniotic fluid sampling, which result in a significant risk for pregnancy loss. The discovery of cell free fetal DNA circulating in the maternal blood has great potential for the development of non-invasive prenatal testing(NIPT) methodologies. Such strategies have been successfully applied for the determination of the fetal rhesus status and inherited monogenic disease but the field of fetal aneuploidy investigation seems to be more challenging. The main reason for this is that the maternal cell free DNA in the mother's plasma is far more abundant, and because it is identical to half of the corresponding fetal DNA. Approaches developed are mainly based on next generation sequencing(NGS) technologies and epigenetic genetic modifications, such as fetal-maternal DNA differential methylation. At present, genetic services for non-invasive fetal aneuploidy detection are offered using NGS-based approaches but, for reasons that are presented herein, they still serve as screening tests which are not readily accessed by the majority of couples. Here we discuss the limitations of both strategies for NIPT and the future potential of the methods developed.

A Generalized Statement of Highest-Entropy Principle for Stable Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium in Many-Particle Systems

Among all statements of Second Law, the existence and uniqueness of stable equilibrium, for each given value of energy content and composition of constituents of any system, have been adopted to define thermodynamic entropy by means of the impossibility of Perpetual Motion Machine of the Second Kind (PMM2) which is a consequence of the Second Law. Equality of temperature, chemical potential and pressure in many-particle systems are proved to be necessary conditions for the stable equilibrium. The proofs assume the stable equilibrium and derive, by means of the Highest-Entropy Principle, equality of temperature, chemical potential and pressure as a consequence. A first novelty of the present research is to demonstrate that equality is also a sufficient condition, in addition to necessity, for stable equilibrium implying that stable equilibrium is a condition also necessary, in addition to sufficiency, for equality of temperature potential and pressure addressed to as generalized potential. The second novelty is that the proof of sufficiency of equality, or necessity of stable equilibrium, is achieved by means of a generalization of entropy property, derived from a generalized definition of exergy, both being state and additive properties accounting for heat, mass and work interactions of the system underpinning the definition of Highest-Generalized-Entropy Principle adopted in the proof.

Optical Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy of Cracked Non-Glutinous Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Kernels

In order to study the correlation between the cracking of rice (Oryza sativa L.) kernels and the molecular structure of the amylopectin in them, we attempted optical sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy in the C-H stretching vibration region for normal and cracked japonica non-glutinous rice kernels. The samples were Koshihikari and Nipponbare. In Nipponbare, the width of the SFG spectrum peak at 2915 cm- 1 of the cracked rice kernels was broader than that of the normal ones, while for Koshihikari there was no clear difference. The width of the 2915 cm- 1 peak is suggested to originate from the variety of the higher-order structure of the saccharide chains in amylopectin. Although this is a tentative result, this method is shown to have a potential of serving for preventing the cracking of the rice kernels.

Research on Design Method of Non-Circular Gear Pair with Double Generating Angles

In order to enhance the bearing capacity of non-circular gear pair, the non-circular gear pair with double generating angles is proposed based on the design idea of unsymmetrical gear with double pressure angles. The tooth profile is designed by generating cutting theory, the pure rolling mathematic model that the center line of unsymmetrical rack roll along non-circular pitch curve is built, the digital model of non-circular gear with double generating angles is created through the second development method of CAD software, and then the drive characteristic and tooth strength are analyzed. The results show that the design method for double generating angles non-circular gear proposed in this paper is feasible, which is significant to improve the bearing capacity of non-circular gear pair.