An Improved Three-Dimensional Non-Equilibrium Mixing Pool Model

This paper presents an improved three-dimensional non-equilibrium mixing pool model.It is a simplified form of the original model and is more practical for applications.The simulation re-sults show that the industrial scale distillation tray columns can be described closely by the improvedmodel.The effects of model parameters,such as the number of mixing pools,the point efficiencyand flow pattern,on separation are analyzed quantitatively.

An Extension of One-Period Nash Equilibrium Model in Non-Life Insurance Markets

This paper deals with an extension of the one-period model in non-life insurance markets (cf. [1]) by using a transition probability matrix depending on some economic factors. We introduce a multi-period model and in each period the solvency constraints will be updated. Moreover, the model has the inactive state including some uninsured population. Similar results on the existence of premium equilibrium and sensitivity analysis for this model are presented and illustrated by numerical results.

Three-Temperature Model Applied to Thermochemical Non-Equilibrium Reentry Flows in 2D—Seven Species

In this work, a study involving the fully coupled Euler and Navier-Stokes reactive equations is performed. These equations, in conservative and finite volume contexts, employing structured spatial discretization, on a condition of thermochemical non-equilibrium, are analyzed. High-order studies are accomplished using the Spectral method of Streett, Zang, and Hussaini. The high enthalpy hypersonic flows around a circumference, around a reentry capsule, along a blunt body, and along a double ellipse in two-dimensions are simulated. The Van Leer, Liou and Steffen Jr., and Steger and Warming flux vector splitting algorithms are applied to execute the numerical experiments. Three temperatures, which are the translational-rotational temperature, the vibrational temperature, and the electron temperature, are used to accomplish the numerical comparisons. Excellent results were obtained with minimum errors inferior to 6.0%. The key contribution of this work is the correct implementation of a three temperature model coupled with the implementation of three algorithms to perform the numerical simulations, as well the description of energy exchange mechanisms to perform more realistic simulations.

GURTIN-TYPE VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES FOR DYNAMICS OF A NON-LOCAL THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM SATURATED POROUS MEDIUM

Based on the porous media theory and by taking into account the efects of the pore fuid viscidity, energy exchanges due to the additional thermal conduction and convection between solid and fuid phases, a mathematical model for the dynamic-thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling of a non-local thermal equilibrium fuid-saturated porous medium, in which the two constituents are assumed to be incompressible and immiscible, is established under the assumption of small de- formation of the solid phase, small velocity of the fuid phase and small temperature changes of the two constituents. The mathematical model of a local thermal equilibrium fuid-saturated porous medium can be obtained directly from the above one. Several Gurtin-type variational principles, especially Hu-Washizu type variational principles, for the initial boundary value problems of dy- namic and quasi-static responses are presented. It should be pointed out that these variational principles can be degenerated easily into the case of isothermal incompressible fuid-saturated elastic porous media, which have been discussed previously.

Non-equilibrium ignition criterion for magnetized deuterium–tritium fuel

In this paper, non-equilibrium ignition conditions for magnetized cylindrical deuterium–tritium plasma in the presence of an axial magnetic field have been investigated. It is expected that temperature imbalance between ions and electrons as well as the axial magnetic field will relax the threshold of ignition conditions.Therefore, ignition conditions for this model are derived numerically involving the energy balance equation at the stagnation point. It has been derived using parametric space including electron and ion temperature(T_e, T_i), areal density(q R), and seed magnetic field-dependent free parameters of B/q, mB, and BR. For B/ρ < 10~6 G cm^3 g^(-1),mB < 4 × 10~4 G cm g^(-1), and BR <3 × 10~5 G cm, the minimum fuel areal density exceeds between ρR >0.002 g cm^(-2), ρR> 0.25 g cm^(-2), and ρR > 0.02 g cm^(-2),respectively. The practical equilibrium conditions also addressed which is in good agreement with the corresponding one-temperature magnetized mode proposed in previous studies. Moreover, it has been shown that the typical criterion of BR ≥(6.13–4.64) × 10~5 G cm would be expectable. It is also confirmed that the minimum product of areal density times fuel temperature in equilibrium model is located in the range of T = 6–8 keV for all these free parameters, depending on the magnitude of the magnetic field. This is the entry point for the non-equilibrium model consistent with equilibrium model.

Mathematical Model and Non-Pharmaceutical Control of the Coronavirus 2019 Disease in Madagascar

For Madagascar, with the uncertainty over vaccines against the novel coronavirus 2019 and its variants, non-pharmaceutical approach is widely used. Our objective is to propose a mathematical control model which will serve as a tool to help decision-makers in the strategy to be implemented to better face the pandemic. By separating asymptomatic cases which are often not reported and symptomatic who are hospitalized after tests;we develop a mathematical model of the propagation of covid-19 in Madagascar, by integrating control strategies. We study the stability of the model by expressing the basic reproduction number using the next-generation matrix. Simulation with different parameters shows the effects of non-pharmaceutical measures on the speed of the disease spread. By integrating a control parameter linked to compliance with barrier measures in the virus propagation equation, we were able to show the impacts of the implementation of social distancing measures on the basic reproduction number. The strict application of social distancing measures and total confinement is unfavorable for economic situation even if they allow the contamination to be reduced quickly. Without any restrictions, the disease spreads at high speed and the peak is reached fairly quickly. In this condition, hospitals are overwhelmed and the death rate increases rapidly. With 50% respect for non-pharmaceutical strategies such as rapid detection and isolation of positive cases and barrier gestures;the basic reproduction number R0 can go down from 3 to 1.7. The pressures on the economic and social situation are rather viable. It is the most suitable for the Malagasy health system. The results proposed are a way to control the spread of the disease and limit its devastation in a country like Madagascar.

主动式气膜冷却对高超声速飞行器等离子体鞘套的影响

以钝锥模型为研究对象,采用热化学非平衡计算方法并结合可压缩N-S方程、SST k-ω湍流模型,对钝锥模型肩部台阶喷流和头部逆向喷流流场进行了数值模拟。在考虑不同喷流压强、喷口位置和数量等因素的基础上,分析了主动式气膜冷却对等离子体鞘套的影响。结果表明:高超声速飞行器采用主动式气膜冷却技术时,喷口的数量、位置及喷流压强对等离子体密度均具有显著的影响。肩部的切向喷流可有效抑制模型壁面附近的等离子体密度,进而可能对高频电磁波的传输和目标雷达散射截面(RCS)产生影响。头部逆向喷流可显著改变等离子体的分布情况,不同的逆向喷流参数配置会导致明显的差异。

Physics-based analysis and simulation model of electromagnetic interference induced soft logic upset in CMOS inverter

The instantaneous reversible soft logic upset induced by the electromagnetic interference（EMI） severely affects the performances and reliabilities of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor（CMOS） inverters. This kind of soft logic upset is investigated in theory and simulation. Physics-based analysis is performed, and the result shows that the upset is caused by the non-equilibrium carrier accumulation in channels, which can ultimately lead to an abnormal turn-on of specific metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor（MOSFET） in CMOS inverter. Then a soft logic upset simulation model is introduced. Using this model, analysis of upset characteristic reveals an increasing susceptibility under higher injection powers, which accords well with experimental results, and the influences of EMI frequency and device size are studied respectively using the same model. The research indicates that in a range from L waveband to C waveband, lower interference frequency and smaller device size are more likely to be affected by the soft logic upset.

Direct modeling for computational fluid dynamics

All fluid dynamic equations are valid under their modeling scales, such as the particle mean free path and mean collision time scale of the Boltzmann equation and the hydrodynamic scale of the Navier-Stokes （NS） equations. The current computational fluid dynamics （CFD） focuses on the numerical solution of partial differential equations （PDEs）, and its aim is to get the accurate solution of these governing equations. Under such a CFD practice, it is hard to develop a unified scheme that covers flow physics from kinetic to hydrodynamic scales continuously because there is no such governing equation which could make a smooth transition from the Boltzmann to the NS modeling. The study of fluid dynamics needs to go beyond the traditional numer- ical partial differential equations. The emerging engineering applications, such as air-vehicle design for near-space flight and flow and heat transfer in micro-devices, do require fur- ther expansion of the concept of gas dynamics to a larger domain of physical reality, rather than the traditional dis- tinguishable governing equations. At the current stage, the non-equilibrium flow physics has not yet been well explored or clearly understood due to the lack of appropriate tools. Unfortunately, under the current numerical PDE approach, it is hard to develop such a meaningful tool due to the absence of valid PDEs. In order to construct multiscale and multiphysics simulation methods similar to the modeling process of con- structing the Boltzmann or the NS governing equations, the development of a numerical algorithm should be based on the first principle of physical modeling. In this paper, instead of following the traditional numerical PDE path, we introduce direct modeling as a principle for CFD algorithm develop- ment. Since all computations are conducted in a discretized space with limited cell resolution, the flow physics to be mod- eled has to be done in the mesh size and time step scales. Here, the CFD is more or less a direct construction of dis- crete numerical evolution equations, where the mesh size and time step will play dynamic roles in the modeling process. With the variation of the ratio between mesh size and local particle mean free path, the scheme will capture flow physics from the kinetic particle transport and collision to the hydro- dynamic wave propagation. Based on the direct modeling, a continuous dynamics of flow motion will be captured in the unified gas-kinetic scheme. This scheme can be faithfully used to study the unexplored non-equilibrium flow physics in the transition regime.

The second-order dynamic phase transition and Lee-Yang zeros in Eggers urn model

A second-order dynamic phase transition in a non-equilibrium Eggers urn model for the separation of sand is studied. The order parameter, the susceptibility and the stationary probability distribution have been calculated. By applying the Lee-Yang zeros method of equilibrium phase transitions, we study the distributions of the effective partition function zeros and obtain the same result for the model. Thus, the Lee-Yang theory can be applied to a more general non-equilibrium system.

放射性核素生态运移与辐射剂量评价研究现状及趋势

放射性核素在生态环境中的输运和转移(简称运移)长期以来受到辐射环境保护领域的特别关注。本文将系统梳理放射性核素在生态环境中的运移机制和模型及参数、人类和非人类生物剂量评价方法,以及在核设施发生事故情况下放射性核素非平衡态运移模型及参数等相关研究现状,并从计算模型、评价方法和参数等多维度探讨放射性核素在生态环境中的运移行为,重点针对放射性核素海洋运移、非人类物种剂量评价、短期事故排放的动态模型、人工智能技术应用等方面开展进一步研究并提出建议,为核与辐射应急响应、环境监测与风险评估等提供科学依据和技术支持。

旅游产业结构演化研究历程与探索进路评述——基于归纳与演绎的研究范式

旅游产业结构及其优化是一个相对概念和动态过程,是随着旅游市场与技术环境、旅游产业发展阶段、旅游经济增长等变化而变化的。现有基于产业结构合理化与高级化研究截面的成果不胜枚举,然而,涉及旅游产业系统内部演化作用机制与规律性的研究成果尚处于前范式阶段,鲜见从系统科学与演化经济学视角去探寻旅游产业系统构成要素及其相互作用机制的文献。本文按照先归纳后演绎的逻辑思路,首先将旅游产业视为一个复杂演化系统,采用动态、非均衡的观点审视其演化基本内涵、特征;其次,以科学研究范式“三论”为索引归纳并演绎旅游产业系统演化变迁本质、特征与机制;最后,基于旅游产业系统构成要素耦合关系逻辑推理探索未来研究进路并尝试构建旅游产业系统演化周期概念模型,以期推动旅游产业结构演化理论研究。

回转式空气预热器积灰模型构建与积灰工况传热性能研究

为了量化研究积灰状态下回转式空气预热器(空预器)对运行条件的敏感性,构建基于局部热非平衡模型的三方程回转式空预器热力计算模型,探究了积灰分布与运行条件对空预器传热性能和硫酸氢铵(ABS)沉积的综合影响,对比分析了积灰热阻与热容对空预器的影响规律。计算结果表明:积灰热阻对传热性能的削弱效果远大于积灰热容对传热的强化效果;冷段积灰比例的增加使得ABS沉积区比例增大;当蓄热元件表面积灰厚度增加时,提高转速、增大流量或提升机组负荷对改善传热性能及减小ABS沉积区比例的效果尤为显著;改变流体温度对空预器性能的影响较小;当机组负荷由50%增加至100%时,ABS沉积区比例在清洁状态下的减小量为5%,在冷段积灰厚度为2 mm时提高至7%。研究结果可为针对性地调整空预器运行参数,从而优化传热效果及减轻积灰腐蚀提供参考。

基于非平衡热模拟的粮糟摊晾工艺优化

[目的]提高粮糟摊晾温度控制的自动化程度。[方法]采用SST k-ω湍流模型及粮糟非热平衡模型进行理论分析,利用Fluent软件仿真运算并结合工艺验证,探究粮糟摊晾过程中的温度场分布规律,并对摊晾工艺进行优化。以摊晾完出料温度符合工艺要求的程度为评价标准,分析粮糟层厚度、板链行进速度以及排风量对空气流动分布、温度场分布及粮糟在整个行进过程中的温度变化情况。[结果]经过分析,料层厚度对摊晾出料温度存在显著影响,板链行进速度以及排风量的影响次之,分别确定了出料温度对粮糟处理量和排风量的关系式,便于工艺变更时的出料温度预测。[结论]经工艺验证,非平衡热模拟方法对摊晾过程仿真准确有效。该摊晾机最佳的工艺条件为粮糟摊晾厚度20 cm,板链行进速度0.150 m/s,排风量5000 m^(3)/h。

90Sr在微风化二长花岗岩中迁移实验及模拟研究

采用加压的方式,利用动态柱实验方法,通过3H、90Sr在微风化二长花岗岩中的穿透曲线,研究了90Sr在微风化二长花岗岩中的迁移规律,获得90Sr在微风化二长花岗岩中的迁移参数。实验中控制流速为1 mL/h,3H总活度为10^(4)Bq,迁移实验进行了120 h,3H浓度峰值出现在8.0 h,活度浓度峰值为213.4 kBq/L,穿透曲线无明显拖尾现象;90Sr总活度为5×10^(4)Bq,迁移实验进行了132 d,90Sr浓度峰值出现在27.4 d,活度浓度峰值为46.26 kBq/L,浓度下降阶段呈现明显的拖尾现象。利用数值模拟方法,基于3H的穿透曲线计算得到微风化二长花岗岩的垂向弥散度为3.03 cm;对比了平衡模型、双点吸附模型、两区模型、双点吸附两区模型四种模型下90Sr在微风化二长花岗岩中的迁移拟合结果,发现四种模型拟合结果相差较大,其中双点吸附两区模型通过引入非流动区含水量、溶质交换一级速率系数、非平衡吸附一级速率系数等参数能够更好地描述核素在微风化二长花岗岩介质迁移过程中的拖尾现象。结果表明:90Sr在微风化二长花岗岩中的吸附分配系数为1.23 mL/g,溶质交换一级速率系数为0.227/d,非平衡吸附一级速率系数为0.118/d。

不平衡输沙条件下河道断面形态调整规律试验研究

21世纪以来,受气候变化与人类活动共同影响,进入黄河下游河道的水沙条件发生显著变化,下游河道长期处于不平衡输沙状态,横断面形态调整剧烈,直接影响河势稳定,威胁下游防洪安全。基于2001—2021年黄河下游白鹤镇—高村河段实测断面资料,在分析原型河道横断面形态参数演变特征的基础上,选取黑岗口—柳园口河段开展物理模型试验,以定量揭示不平衡输沙条件下横断面形态调整规律。原型实测资料分析发现,相对于黄河下游其他河段,花园口—夹河滩河段断面形态变化相对较大。选择花园口—夹河滩河段中典型河段为原型,采用水平比尺600、垂直比尺60构建物理模型,保持相同的初始河道边界条件,开展了2000、3000、4000、5000 m^(3)/s四级流量,不同进口含沙量条件下断面形态调整试验。试验结果表明,各测验断面基本呈现进口含沙量较小时主槽冲刷、面积增大、河相系数减小,进口含沙量较大时主槽淤积、面积减小、河相系数增大的规律。对比原型资料与试验数据发现,不平衡输沙条件下,河段尺度的断面形态参数与来沙系数相关性较好,其中主槽面积与来沙系数成指数负相关,河相系数与来沙系数成二次函数关系。

进汽参数对喷管内湿蒸汽非平衡凝结流动影响的数值计算分析

本文基于欧拉-欧拉双流体的概念,在经典均质成核和液滴生长模型的基础上,对成核和液滴生长模型进行修正,同时对液滴表面张力进行修正,采用修正模型对湿蒸汽非平衡态凝结流动进行求解。分析了进汽参数对水蒸气非平衡凝结现象的影响规律,并将修正模型与湿蒸汽模型进行比较。计算结果表明:在相同工况下,提高进口过热度能够有效地抑制非平衡凝结现象;本文所建立的修正模型能更为准确的预测Wilson点的位置以及Wilson点对应的过冷度,将误差降低到3%以下。

ApplicationofNon─equilibriumStageModeltoLiquid─liquidExtraction

The application of the non equilibrium stage model to the multicomponent, non ideal liquid liquid extraction process is described in this paper. Pilot plant experiments and a commercial process of aromatic separation by sulfolane in sieve tray extraction columns were chosen as examples to show the advantages and benefits of the non equilibrium stage model over the conventional model.

基于航天器协同作战模式的仿真研究

提出了一种在轨道空间中卫星集群中进行的非合作目标追踪和逃逸博弈的方法。该方法解决了复杂的动态模型和卫星之间难以协调的问题。基于多智能体深度强化学习算法,首先构建了卫星集群博弈场景的动态模型,并通过多智能体深度确定性策略梯度算法(MADDPG)训练每个卫星的最优策略,同时考虑最小燃料消耗和最短时间,然后使用分布式执行来实现追逐和逃逸博弈。结果表明,当追逐和逃逸卫星的性能相同时,它们之间的距离保持恒定,达到纳什均衡点;当逃逸的航天器、追逐卫星的数量和性能不同时,追逐卫星可学习最优策略并成功捕获逃逸的航天器。该方法可为解决轨道空间中卫星集群的博弈问题提供一种新的方法和途径。

反应精馏技术的进展

简述了反应精馏技术的研究开发现状及工业应用;介绍了反应精馏技术的概念设计和开发方法;比较了设计反应精馏过程的各种数学模型,并且指出非平衡池模型是有广阔应用前景的设计方法;最后,简要讨论了在实验和模拟基础上进行过程放大的相关问题。