A non-linear finite element model of human L4-L5 lumbar spinal segment with three-dimensional solid element ligaments

This paper establishes a non-linear finite element model (NFEM) of L4-L5 lumbar spinal segment with accurate three-dimensional solid ligaments and intervertebral disc. For the purpose, the intervertebral disc and surrounding ligaments are modeled with four-nodal three-dimensional tetrahedral elements with hyper-elastic material properties. Pure moment of 10 N·m without preload is applied to the upper vertebral body under the loading conditions of lateral bending, backward extension, torsion, and forward flexion, respectively. The simulate relationship curves between generalized forces and generalized displacement of the NFEM are compared with the in vitro experimental result curves to verify NFEM. The verified results show that: (1) The range of simulated motion is a good agreement with the in vitro experimental data; (2) The NFEM can more effectively reffect the actual mechanical properties than the FE model using cable and spring elements ligaments; (3) The NFEM can be used as the basis for further research on lumbar degenerative diseases.

THE GENERATION OF NON－LINEAR STIFFNESS MATRIX OF TRIANGLE ELEMENT WHENCONSIDERING BOTH THE BENDING AND IN－PLANEME MBRANE FORCES

Using Stricklin Melhod￣[5],we have this paper has derived the formulas for the ge-neration of non-linear element stiffness matrix of a triangle element when considering both the bending and the in-plane membrane forces. A computer programme for the calculation of large deflection and inner forces of shallow shells is designed on theseformulas. The central deflection curve computed by this programme is compared with other pertaining results.

Analysis of the Influence of Parafunctional Loads on the Bone-Prosthesis System: A Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis

The present study evaluates the effects of occlusal loading on an implant-supported dental implant with external hexagon dental implant-abutment systems, using the finite element method analysis. Tensile analyses were performed to simulate different axial and obliquous masticatory loads. The influence of the variations in the contouring conditions of the interfaces was analyzed to weigh the osseointegration with linear and non-linear cases, by means of a parametric design. The geometry selected to place the prostheses was a jaw section, considering the properties of the set of cortical and trabecular bones. The results show that for non-linear contour conditions, the stress presents smaller value distributions and signals a different place in the screw-implant interface as the factor of the greater weight in this study. The location indicated that von Mises stress concentrations are not exclusive to the contact regions studied, moving to an area that is not in direct contact with the non-linear contact interfaces. In addition, the direction of load with an angle of 15 degrees presented the highest values of von Mises stress.

Nonlinear finite element analysis of three implant-abutment interface designs

The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanical characteristics of implant-abutment interface design in a dental implant system, using nonlinear finite element analysis （FEA） method. This finite element simulation study was applied on three commonly used commercial dental implant systems： model I, the reduced-diameter 3i implant system （West Palm Beach, FL, USA） with a hex and a 12-point double internal hexagonal connection; model II, the Semados implant system （Bego, Bremen, Germany） with combination of a conical （45° taper） and internal hexagonal connection; and model III, the Br,~nemark implant system （Nobel Biocare, Gothenburg, Sweden） with external hexagonal connection. In simulation, a force of 170 N with 45°oblique to the longitudinal axis of the implant was loaded to the top surface of the abutment. It has been found from the strength and stiffness analysis that the 3i implant system has the lowest maximum yon Mises stress, prirlcipal stress and displacement, while the Br^nemark implant system has the highest. It was concluded from our preliminary study using nonlinear FEA that the reduced-diameter 3i implant system with a hex and a 12-point double internal hexagonal connection had a better stress distribution, and produced a smaller displacement than the other two implant systems.

Line-element based nonlinear adaptive piecewise compensating correction for LVDT sensors

In order to solve the linear variable differential transformer （LVDT） displacement sensor nonlinearity of overall range and extend its working range, a novel line-element based adaptively seg- menting method for piecewise compensating correction was proposed. According to the mechanical structure of LVDT, the output equation was calculated, and then the theoretic nonlinear source of output was analyzed. By the proposed line-element adaptive segmentation method, the nonlinear output of LVDT was divided into linear and nonlinear regions with a given threshold. Then the com- pensating correction function was designed for nonlinear parts employing polynomial regression tech- nique. The simulation of LVDT validates the feasibility of proposed scheme, and the results of cali- bration and testing experiments fully prove that the proposed method has higher accuracy than the state-of-art correction algorithms.

NONLINEAR AND ELASTO-PLASTICITY CONSOLIDATION MODELS OF UNSATURATED SOIL AND APPLICATIONS

The non-linear constitutive model suggested by the authors and the Alonso's elasto-plasticity model of unsaturated soil modified by the authors are introduced into the consolidation theory of unsaturated soil proposed by CHEN Zheng-han, and the non-linear and the elasto-plasticity consolidation models of unsaturated soil are obtained. Programs related to the two consolidation models are designed, and a 2-D consolidation problem of unsaturated sail is solved using the programs, the consolidation process and the development of plastic;one under multi-grade bad are studied. The above research develops the consolidation theory of unsaturated soil to a new level.

Finite Element Modelling of Steel Beams with Web Openings

Height limitations are not uncommon in multi-storey buildings due to economic requirements and esthetical considerations. Substantial spaces are normally required to enable the passage of large pipes and ducts beneath steel beams leading to uneconomic floor heights. The most adopted solution for this issue is the use of steel beam web openings to provide the required space for services. These openings could lead to a significant decrease of the beam load carrying capacity depending on the adopted openings shape, size and location. These aspects motivated the present study based on FE simulations calibrated against numerical and test results. The results accuracy enabled a comprehensive parametric analysis of beams with web openings to be made focused on the profile size, web opening location, among others. The study also investigated the efficiency of longitudinal stiffeners welded at the opening region and benefits of using an adequate edge concordance radius in beams with rectangular and square openings. The obtained results showed the need of using welded longitudinal stiffeners in order to increase the beams ultimate load carrying capacity. This adoption can double or even triple the ultimate load of beams with rectangular and square opening heights equal to 0.75 H, respectively.

基于共旋坐标法的几何非线性裂纹梁单元

现有有限元软件模拟裂纹结构主要采用指派裂纹的实体和壳单元,但缺少梁单元。因此,在弹性梁单元的曲率函数中引入Dirac-δ函数表征局部损伤的曲率变化,得到位移分布函数;推导出应变矩阵和单元刚度矩阵,提出了裂纹梁单元。基于共旋坐标法理论进一步发展了考虑裂纹损伤的几何非线性裂纹梁单元,给出了单元的具体算法及流程。利用课题组开发的有限元求解框架,在程序中实现了裂纹梁单元及共旋列式裂纹梁单元。经过典型算例,对比分析了裂纹位置、裂纹深度及外荷载对裂纹梁弯曲性能的影响。结果表明:该单元能够准确描述裂纹结构的挠度变化,同时与现有模拟裂纹结构弯曲变形的单元相比,提出的裂纹梁和共旋列式裂纹梁在精度分别提高了约1%和4%,并且能够退化成无损伤的梁单元和几何非线性梁单元。

Transformer Characteristics of Linear Motor-Transformer Apparatus

The characteristics of linear transformer are studied analytically. The transformer is composed in one of modes of linear motor-transformer apparatus proposed for future wireless light rail vehicle (LRV). The secondary (onboard) power factor can be adjusted at any value by an onboard converter. The equivalent circuit is used to study the transferred power control. The parameters are determined by three-dimensional finite element method (FEM) analysis for one pole-pair model. Under the rated primary (input) and secondary voltage and current, which are specified for linear motor operation, the characteristics of the secondary power factor are cleared. It is also shown that the input capacitor can improve the primary power factor and decrease the input power capacity, but does not change the efficiency. This linear transformer has the efficiency of 91% and the input power factor of 0.87 when the apparatus without input capacitor is controlled at the secondary power factor of 0.4.

基于多尺度有限元建模技术的GJ-III型扣件轨道动力特性分析

GJ-III型扣件轨道作为地铁线路一种中等减振轨道,服役后出现钢轨短波长波磨,导致高频轮轨振动噪声问题。为探明该轨道的动力特性,利用ABAQUS软件建立减振扣件轨道的三维有限元模型。为减小有限长轨道边界反射波影响并同时保证计算效率,采用多尺度建模技术将轨道简化为梁-壳-实体模型。利用该模型探究了轮轨耦合作用下的轨道垂向动力特性,分析了扣件垂向刚度和阻尼对轨道垂向频响特性的影响。结果表明:(1)将50.0 m实体轨道模型简化为12.5 m实体和37.5 m梁-壳模型,可节约65.3%的计算时间,同时仿真与现场测试结果基本一致。(2)钢轨垂向一阶弯曲和pinned-pinned共振模态在轨道垂向位移导纳上表征明显,其频带分别为100~150 Hz和1022~1101 Hz。(3)减振扣件轨道在100 Hz以下振动响应表现为钢轨和道床板的整体弯曲和扭转振动;车辆静载集中力引起的钢轨预应力会诱发400~800 Hz轮对间轨道垂向频响峰值。(4)考虑柔性轮对作用后,轨道垂向位移导纳在分别在43 Hz、381 Hz和641 Hz处出现新的明显峰值,分别对应于轮轨耦合的P2共振模态、轮对间钢轨垂向二、三阶弯曲模态。柔性车轮在180 Hz、341 Hz和504 Hz处的振动模态也会引起钢轨垂向导纳出现新峰值。轮对质量效应对减振扣件轨道50~250 Hz内垂向振动有抑制作用,钢轨不易萌生该频段波磨。(5)钢轨垂向一阶弯曲、P2共振和轮对间钢轨垂向弯曲频率均随扣件垂向刚度增加而增加,扣件垂向阻尼仅对轨道导纳波动幅值有抑制作用。

A hybrid-stress solid-shell element for non-linear analysis of piezoelectric structures

This paper presents eight-node solid-shell elements for geometric non-linear analyze of piezoelectric structures. To subdue shear, trapezoidal and thickness locking, the assumed natural strain method and an ad hoc modified generalized laminate stiffness matrix are employed. With the generalized stresses arising from the modified generalized laminate stiffness matrix assumed to be independent from the ones obtained from the displacement, an extended Hellinger-Reissner functional can be derived. By choosing the assumed generalized stresses similar to the assumed stresses of a previous solid ele- ment, a hybrid-stress solid-shell element is formulated. The presented finite shell element is able to model arbitrary curved shell structures. Non-linear numerical examples demonstrate the ability of the proposed model to analyze nonlinear piezoelectric devices.

园林微观环境要素对游览体验的量化评估

园林作为江南地区特色旅游资源,其环境兼具自然景观与人文特征。游客作为园林空间的直接感知者,对园林价值的认同和体验质量至关重要。基于游客视角,运用图像语义分割技术和随机森林算法,以太湖区域近代园林为例,探讨微观环境要素对游览体验的量化影响。结果表明:游览舒适度是游客感知体验的核心,其中水文、高层植被、建筑、小品以及天空环境要素为关键感知因素;园林微观环境要素与游客体验之间存在复杂的非线性关联,传统线性模型在此类评估上具有局限性;园林微观环境要素占比变化对游客体验产生差异化影响。因此,未来研究应重视微观环境要素在塑造游客舒适度体验的重要性,并深入探讨不同园林特征之间的非线性关系,加强对园林环境与游客体验互动机制的理解,以优化园林空间的设计策略。

大型支承辊热处理过程的数值模拟

为了实现大型支承辊热处理过程的虚拟生产 ,运用非线性有限元法对大型支承辊在不同介质中淬火的温度场、组织场和应力 /应变进行了计算机模拟。结果表明 :淬火时间为 5 5min,淬火介质为油或UNCON (2 5 % )时 ,支承辊不能得到马氏体而硬度降低 ;以UNCON (1 5 % )或水为淬火介质时 ,可以得到大量的马氏体 ,支承辊硬度和淬硬层深也符合要求 ,但残余应力较大。对以UNCON (1 5 % )或水为淬火介质进一步优化 ,得出大型支承辊的热处理合适工艺为 :从加热炉中出炉后 ,空冷 5～ 1 0min ,然后淬水 1 5min,再转入 3 0 0℃的炉中保温 3 0h。

非线性电路暂态仿真中消除数值振荡的改进方法

在电力系统的电磁暂态数字仿真中,非线性元件的非线性特性将导致数值计算中产生数值振荡。引入一种新的离散方法—改进的节点分析法,对非线性元件进行处理,离散化得到等效伴随电路,然后求解。通过Matlab软件仿真得到等效后的电压波形,与ATP和PSCAD模型比较,所提算法可以有效消除数值振荡,并不会出现'毛刺'现象,适合非线性元件的仿真。

利用碳纤维提高军用桥梁承载力的数值分析

为了探讨应用碳纤维片进行军用钢桥加固的有效性 ,利用弹塑性非线性有限元和弧长法对加固后的钢梁进行了全过程分析 ,并且初步说明了其加固原理。通过分析发现利用碳纤维片可以有效地提高军用桥梁的承载力、刚度与稳定性 。

汽车后悬架的非线性有限元分析

介绍了非线性有限元分析的基本概念和求解思想 ,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件的接触非线性求解功能 ,对SC10 2 0汽车后悬架钢板弹簧的强度和刚度进行了考虑接触状况的静强度分析 ,得到各片钢板弹簧在总装配后的预应力分布、预变形、在不同载荷作用下的应力分布和变形情况 ,并在此基础上计算了钢板弹簧的力学性能和动态特性 ,并且和试验结果符合得很好。分析结果表明 :利用CAE分析技术有助提高汽车悬架设计水平、缩短设计周期 。

壳装炸药殉爆实验和数值模拟

进行了壳装固黑铝炸药殉爆实验,通过观察残留炸药、壳体和见证板变形,判断被发炸药的爆炸情况,得到了炸药临界殉爆距离。建立了壳装炸药殉爆实验计算模型,采用非线性有限元计算方法,对壳装固黑铝炸药殉爆实验进行了数值模拟。计算中采用预设壳体单元破片方法描述主发炸药壳体破片的形成和破片对被发炸药的撞击起爆,炸药临界殉爆距离的计算结果与实验结果基本一致。主要是主发炸药中部的壳体破片撞击到被发炸药,被发炸药起爆位置也在装药中部。炸药壳体厚度主要影响破片速度和质量、被发炸药的防护性能,从而影响炸药临界殉爆距离。

O形密封圈密封性能非线性有限元数值模拟

利用ABAQUS软件建立海底采油设备用O形密封圈轴对称模型,对其在不同压缩率、不同油压时的Von Mi-ses应力及密封面接触压力分布规律进行探讨,确定O形密封圈材料易失效位置;分析压缩率和油压对O形密封圈最大Von Mises应力、最大接触压力及最大接触压与油压压差的影响。结果表明:O形密封圈最大Von Mises应力、密封面最大接触压力随压缩率和油压的增加而增加,且O形密封圈在中低高压下的密封能力高于超高下的密封能力,为海底采油设备用O形密封圈的结构设计及选型提供相关参考。

油井水力压裂流-固耦合非线性有限元数值模拟

基于多孔介质流-固耦合的控制方程,推导了相应的非线性增量有限元列式,并采用以节点位移和孔隙压力为自由度的黏结单元来模拟水力损伤造成的预设裂缝的起裂和扩展,在此基础上建立了油井水力压裂的有限元模型。在该模型中考虑了压裂液的黏性系数和支撑剂的体积浓度随时间变化,所有参数均采用现场压裂的数据。通过数值模拟,得到了缝口压力、射孔孔眼摩阻、沿程摩阻、井筒内液柱静水压力和地面井口压力随压裂时间的变化规律,并给出了"压裂作业三条线",模拟得到的"压裂作业三条线"与现场压裂实测结果吻合良好。

钢结构异型节点受力性能及非线性有限元分析

利用ABAQUS对钢结构异型节点进行非线性有限元分析,求得了节点核心区的应力分布和剪切变形,并对上核心区和下核心区不同的受力状态进行了分析与比较.与试验结果的对比表明,计算结果是可靠的.由分析可知,弹性阶段上核心区的应力比下核心区的应力大得多;塑性阶段核心区的剪应力成为影响其Mises等效应力的主要因素;上核心区和下核心区的剪切角都可以超过0.03,均具有较强的耗能能力;上核心区和下核心区不是作为一个整体工作.最后提出了设计异型节点的一些建议.