BACKGROUND: There is a growing evidence that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 (gelatinases) play an important role in the pathogenesis of numerous disorders especially with inflammatory etiology and extracel...BACKGROUND: There is a growing evidence that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 (gelatinases) play an important role in the pathogenesis of numerous disorders especially with inflammatory etiology and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Despite the fact that gelatinases involve in liver cirrhosis is provided in the literature, their role in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis and non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases is still under investigation.DATA SOURCES: We carried out a PubM ed search of English language articles relevant to the involvement of gelatinases in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, pancreatitis, and non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases.RESULTS: The decreased activity of gelatinases, especially MMP-2, is related to the development of liver fibrosis, probably due to the decrease of capability for ECM remodeling. Similar situation can be found in chronic pancreatitis; however reports on this matter are rare. The presence of non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases results in MMP-9 activity elevation.CONCLUSION: The fluctuation of gelatinases activity during liver fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis and non-specific inflammatorybowel diseases is observed, but the exact role of these enzymes demands further studies.展开更多
In this study, the influences of immersion bathing in different concentrations of Bacillus velezensis DY-6 on the body weight gain rate and non-specific immune enzyme activities of the coelom fluid of sea cucumber (Ap...In this study, the influences of immersion bathing in different concentrations of Bacillus velezensis DY-6 on the body weight gain rate and non-specific immune enzyme activities of the coelom fluid of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) were determined in order to obtain the optimum bacterial concentration. The gut microbiota change in A. japonicus was then analyzed through high-throughput sequencing during the immersion bathing in B. velezensis DY-6 at the optimum concentration for 49 d. The results illustrate that the body weight growth rate of all bathing groups was higher than that of the control. The highest growth rate (25.3%) was achieved when the bacterial concentration was 1×10^3 CFU/mL. The activities of non-specific immune enzymes (ACP, AKP, SOD and LZM) of all bathing groups increased, and the activities of the enzymes of groups bathed with the bacterium at 1×10^3 and 1×10^4 CFU/mL reached the highest on day 21 and day 28. Taking the growth rate and economic cost into consideration, the optimum concentration of B. velezensis DY-6 was 1×10^3 CFU/mL. The influences of immersion bathing in B. velezensis DY-6 at 1×10^3 CFU/mL on the gut microbiota of A. japonicus were then evaluated through 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. Results showed that the gut microbiota changed with the addition of B. velezensis DY-6, and the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota peaked twice on day 14 and day 21, respectively. In association with the non-specific immune enzyme activities and if day 28 was selected as the dividing point, the community structure of the gut microbiota could be obviously divided into two types. The correlation analysis revealed that the non-specific immune enzyme activities were correlated significantly to some gut bacteria (in the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes) after immersion bathing in B. velezensis DY-6. Our findings will provide the theoretical foundation for probiotic application in sea cucumber farming.展开更多
Exogenous alanyl-glutamine(Aln-Gln) was evaluated for its effects on growth performance, intestinal structure and function, antioxidant status and non-specific immunity of young carp(Cyprinus carpio L.). Six diets sup...Exogenous alanyl-glutamine(Aln-Gln) was evaluated for its effects on growth performance, intestinal structure and function, antioxidant status and non-specific immunity of young carp(Cyprinus carpio L.). Six diets supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, or 15.0 g · kg-1 of Aln-Gln were fed to fish for 12 weeks. Supplementation with 7.5, 10.0, or 15.0 g · kg-1 of Aln-Gln significantly increased weight gain rate(WGR), protein efficiency ratio(PER), but feed conservation rate(FCR) and survival were not affected(P>0.05). The intestinal fold height and number, digestive enzyme, Na+, K+-ATPase activities was found to be significantly high(P<0.05) with increasing dietary Aln-Gln supplementation up to 7.5 g · kg-1, but there were no significant differences for Aln-Gln supplementation from 7.5 to 15.0 g · kg-1. The glutathione peroxidase(GPX) activity, glutathione(GSH), superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity increased and malondialdehyde(MDA) levels decreased significantly(P<0.05) in the intestine, hepatopancreas, plasma and muscles. The plasma complement-3(C3) and complement-4(C4) levels were significantly(P<0.05) improved at 5.0 g · kg-1 level and decreased when over 7.5 g · kg-1. The plasma lysozyme(LSZ) activity increased significantly(P<0.05) at 7.5, 10.0, or 15.0 g · kg-1 level. In summary, the results showed that Aln-Gln improved growth performance, development and function of the intestine, the activity of the antioxidant defense system and the plasma non-specific immunity of the carps. The optimal Aln-Gln level was 8.24 g · kg-1 diet for WGR based on broken-line regression model analysis.展开更多
The study aims to determine the effects of graded farming on growth performance and non-specific immunity factors of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Boone. Three size groups of shrimp, i.e., the small size group [GS, with...The study aims to determine the effects of graded farming on growth performance and non-specific immunity factors of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Boone. Three size groups of shrimp, i.e., the small size group [GS, with an average body length (BL) of (3.04 ± 0.36) cm and body weight (BW) (0.412 ± 0.35) g], the large group [GL, with a BL of (4.29 ± 0.55) cm and BW of (1.098 ± 0.42) g], and the ungraded group [Gm, with a BL of (3.47 ± 0.81) cm and BW of (0.611 ± 0.79) g], were reared under the same conditions for 8 wk. Growth performance and non- specific immunity factors were measured. The results showed that BW gain, biomass gain and the specific growth rate of body length (SGRL) were significantly influenced by size grading (one-way ANOVA, P < 0.05). The peroxidase (POD) and antibacterial (Ua) activities of GL were lower than those of Gm. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lysozyme (Ul) activities of Gm were lower than those of Gs. No significant difference (P = 0.121 > 0.05) was found on phenoloxidase (PO) activity among the three size groups. Synthetically, size grading could enhance growth and rearing efficiency, and did not have a significant influence on the immunity of L. vannamei Boone. Therefore, graded farming in L. vannamei Boone was feasible in the culture practice.展开更多
AIM: To detect the MLH1 gene promoter germline- methylation in probands of Chinese hereditary non- polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), and to evaluate the role of methylation in MLH1 gene promoter and molecular genet...AIM: To detect the MLH1 gene promoter germline- methylation in probands of Chinese hereditary non- polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), and to evaluate the role of methylation in MLH1 gene promoter and molecular genetics in screening for HNPCC. METHODS: The promoter germline methylation of MLH1 gene was detected by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) in 18 probands from unrelated HNPCC families with high microsatellite-instability (MSI-H) phenotype but without germline mutations in MSH2, MLH1 and MSH6 genes. At the same time, 6 kindreds were col- lected with microsatellite-stability (MSS) phenotype but without germline mutations in MSH2, MLH1 and MSH6 genes as controls. The results of MSP were confirmed by clone sequencing. To ensure the reliability of the results, family H65 with nonsense germline mutation at c.2228C > A in MSH2 gene was used as the negative control and the cell line sw48 was used as the known positive control along with water as the blank control. Immunochemical staining of MLH1 protein was per- formed with Envision two-step method in those patients with aberrant methylation to judge whether the status of MLH1 gene methylation affects the expression of MLH1 protein. RESULTS: Five probands with MLH1 gene promoter methylation were detected in 18 Chinese HNPCC fami- lies with MSI-H phenotype but without germline muta- tions in MSH2, MLH1 and MSH6 genes. Two of the five probands from families H10 and H29 displayed exhaus- tive-methylation, fulfilling the Japanese criteria (JC) and the Amsterdam criteria (AC), respectively. The other 3 probands presented part-methylation fulfilling the AC. Of the 13 probands with unmethylation phenotype, 8 ful- filled the JC and the Bethesda guidelines (BG), 5 fulfilled the AC. The rate of aberrant methylation in MLH1 gene in the AC group (22.2%, 4/18) was higher than that in the JC/BG groups (5.6%, 1/18) in all HNPCC families with MSI-H phenotype but without germline mutations in MSH2, MLH1 and MSH6 genes. However, no proband with methylation in MLH1 gene was found in the families with MSS phenotype and without germline mutations in MSH2, MLH1 and MSH6 genes. No expression of MLH1 protein was found in tumor tissues from two patients with exhaustive-methylation phenotype, whereas posi- tive expression of MLH1 protein was observed in tumor tissues from patients with partial methylation phenotype (excluding family H42 without tumor tissue), indicating that exhaustive-methylation of MLH1 gene can cause defective expression of MLH1 protein. CONCLUSION: Methylation phenotype of MLH1 gene is correlated with microsatellite phenotype of MMR genes, especially with MSI-H. Exhaustive-methylation of MLH1 gene can silence the expression of MLH1 pro- tein. MLH1 promoter methylation analysis is a promis- ing tool for molecular genetics screening for HNPCC.展开更多
This study was to investigate the effects of aqueous decotion from three Chinese medicinal herb additives( Cyrtomium fortunei,prescription I and prescription II) on non-specific immunity of 1 + age old Amur sturgeon( ...This study was to investigate the effects of aqueous decotion from three Chinese medicinal herb additives( Cyrtomium fortunei,prescription I and prescription II) on non-specific immunity of 1 + age old Amur sturgeon( Acipenser schrencki Brandt) by oral perfusion. Cyrtomium fortunei,prescription I and prescription II were orally given to 15 fishes for each experimental group once a day,with the concentration of 9,175 and 36 g /50 kg body weight,respectively. The administration was lasted for 14 days. Meanwhile,distilled water was orally given as the control. After the experiment,some of the experimental fishes were stimulated with high temperature( 30 ℃) for two hours. Sampling was performed from fishes treated at 22 ℃ and 30 ℃ for measuring the protein content in the serum,phagocytic activity of leucocytes and the activity of the lysozyme in six tissues. The results indicated that Cyrtomium fortunei and prescription II could help to enhance the content of various proteins and the phagocytic activity of leucocytes. There was no significant change in the effects between these two additives at either the normal temperature or high temperature. Prescription I did not show an obvious effect on the immunity of fishes at the normal temperature,but it did in promoting high-efficiency response and improving immunoregulation of fish shocked by some stimuli.展开更多
To eliminate the irrational supposition that condensed liquid water always falls immediately, specific water m?and maximum airborne specific water mm are introduced into the dynamic framework on non-uniform saturated ...To eliminate the irrational supposition that condensed liquid water always falls immediately, specific water m?and maximum airborne specific water mm are introduced into the dynamic framework on non-uniform saturated moist atmosphere (m?is the ratio of the airborne liquid water mass to the moist air mass in unit cubage moist air, mm is its maximum value with , , and are airborne coefficient, vertical velocity and saturated specific humidity respectively). The balance equation between water vapor and airborne liquid water is derived. From the balance equation, a new formula of precipitate rate is got. The analysis shows that in the air stream with some upward vertical velocity ( ), the condensed liquid water can precipitate under the condition with (q is specific humidity) and? only, otherwise it is detained in the air and becomes airborne liquid water. Not only does precipitating liquid water contain condensed liquid water, but also contains converged and existing airborne liquid water. Following above discussion, improved dynamic equations on non-uniform saturated moist atmosphere are provided.展开更多
The alloys of non-centrosymmetric superconductor, Re 3 W, which were reported to have an α-Mn structure [P. Greenfield and P. A. Beck, J. Metals, N. Y. 8, 265 (1959)] with T c = 9 K, are prepared by arc melting. The ...The alloys of non-centrosymmetric superconductor, Re 3 W, which were reported to have an α-Mn structure [P. Greenfield and P. A. Beck, J. Metals, N. Y. 8, 265 (1959)] with T c = 9 K, are prepared by arc melting. The values of ac susceptibility and the low-temperature specific heat of these alloys are measured. It is found that there are two superconducting phases coexisting in the samples with T c1 ≈ 9 K and T c2 ≈ 7 K, which are both non-centrosymmetric in structure as reported previously. By analysing the specific heat data measured in various magnetic fields down to a temperature of 1.8 K, we find that the absence of the inversion symmetry does not lead to an obvious deviation from an s-wave pairing symmetry in Re 3 W.展开更多
Non-specific immune response of bullfrog Rana catesbeiana to pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila was studied to 60 individuals in two groups.Each bullfrog in bacterium-injected group was injected intraperitoneally(i.p.) w...Non-specific immune response of bullfrog Rana catesbeiana to pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila was studied to 60 individuals in two groups.Each bullfrog in bacterium-injected group was injected intraperitoneally(i.p.) with 0.2 ml bacterial suspension at a density of 5.2 × 106 CFU/ml,while each one in control group injected i.p.with 0.2 ml sterile saline solution(0.85%,w/v).Three bullfrogs in both groups were sampled at 0,1,3,7,11,15 and 20 days post-injection(dpi) for the evaluation of non-specific immune parameters.It was observed that intraperitoneal injection of A.hydrophila significantly increased the number of leucocytes and that of NBT-positive cells in peripheral blood.Significant increases in serum bactericidal activity and serum acid phosphatase activity were also observed in the bacterium-injected frogs when compared with those in the control group.However,a significant reduction was detected in vitro in phagocytosis activity of peripheral blood phagocytes.No significant difference in changes in the number of peripheral erythrocytes,serum superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity,and lysozyme activity was detected between the two groups.It is suggested that bullfrogs may produce a series of non-specific immune reactions in response to the A.hydrophila infection.展开更多
The juveniles of hybrid tilapia( Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis areus) were exposed to ammonia-nitrogen( N)( 0,2. 5,5,10 and 20 mg / L) for0,12,24,48 and 72 h to evaluate the effect of ammonia-N stress on th...The juveniles of hybrid tilapia( Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis areus) were exposed to ammonia-nitrogen( N)( 0,2. 5,5,10 and 20 mg / L) for0,12,24,48 and 72 h to evaluate the effect of ammonia-N stress on their non-specific immunity. Results show that the activity of serum lysozyme decreased significantly with extension of stress time( P < 0. 05). The total antioxidant capacity( T-AOC) and activity of antioxidase in liver were significantly affected. The activity of T-AOC and total superoxide dismutase( T-SOD) of fish exposed to ammonia-N were initially decreasing then increasing( P < 0. 05). Activities of catalase( CAT) and glutathione peroxidase( GSH-Px) were correlated with concentrations of ammonia-N. Fish exposed to lower concentrations( 2. 5 mg/L or 5 mg/L)showed decreased CAT activity within 24 h( P < 0. 05),while those exposed to higher concentrations( 10 mg / L or 20 mg / L) initially showed increased then decreased activity of CAT. Except for the highest concentration groups,fish exposed to ammonia-N showed inductive activity of GSH-Px( P < 0. 05). Under the experimental conditions,non-specific immunity of tilapia was affected by ammonia-N stress,and the impact was increased with increased concentration and extension of time.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from own resources of Medical University of Lublin
文摘BACKGROUND: There is a growing evidence that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 (gelatinases) play an important role in the pathogenesis of numerous disorders especially with inflammatory etiology and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Despite the fact that gelatinases involve in liver cirrhosis is provided in the literature, their role in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis and non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases is still under investigation.DATA SOURCES: We carried out a PubM ed search of English language articles relevant to the involvement of gelatinases in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, pancreatitis, and non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases.RESULTS: The decreased activity of gelatinases, especially MMP-2, is related to the development of liver fibrosis, probably due to the decrease of capability for ECM remodeling. Similar situation can be found in chronic pancreatitis; however reports on this matter are rare. The presence of non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases results in MMP-9 activity elevation.CONCLUSION: The fluctuation of gelatinases activity during liver fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis and non-specific inflammatorybowel diseases is observed, but the exact role of these enzymes demands further studies.
基金Supported by the Special Scientific Research Funds for Central Non-profit Institutes,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(No.20603022016008)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFD0901603)the Agriculture Seed Improvement Project of Shandong Province(No.2017LZGC010)
文摘In this study, the influences of immersion bathing in different concentrations of Bacillus velezensis DY-6 on the body weight gain rate and non-specific immune enzyme activities of the coelom fluid of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) were determined in order to obtain the optimum bacterial concentration. The gut microbiota change in A. japonicus was then analyzed through high-throughput sequencing during the immersion bathing in B. velezensis DY-6 at the optimum concentration for 49 d. The results illustrate that the body weight growth rate of all bathing groups was higher than that of the control. The highest growth rate (25.3%) was achieved when the bacterial concentration was 1×10^3 CFU/mL. The activities of non-specific immune enzymes (ACP, AKP, SOD and LZM) of all bathing groups increased, and the activities of the enzymes of groups bathed with the bacterium at 1×10^3 and 1×10^4 CFU/mL reached the highest on day 21 and day 28. Taking the growth rate and economic cost into consideration, the optimum concentration of B. velezensis DY-6 was 1×10^3 CFU/mL. The influences of immersion bathing in B. velezensis DY-6 at 1×10^3 CFU/mL on the gut microbiota of A. japonicus were then evaluated through 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. Results showed that the gut microbiota changed with the addition of B. velezensis DY-6, and the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota peaked twice on day 14 and day 21, respectively. In association with the non-specific immune enzyme activities and if day 28 was selected as the dividing point, the community structure of the gut microbiota could be obviously divided into two types. The correlation analysis revealed that the non-specific immune enzyme activities were correlated significantly to some gut bacteria (in the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes) after immersion bathing in B. velezensis DY-6. Our findings will provide the theoretical foundation for probiotic application in sea cucumber farming.
基金Supported by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-46)the Special Scientific Research Funds for Central Non-profit Institutes,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(2014A08XK03)
文摘Exogenous alanyl-glutamine(Aln-Gln) was evaluated for its effects on growth performance, intestinal structure and function, antioxidant status and non-specific immunity of young carp(Cyprinus carpio L.). Six diets supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, or 15.0 g · kg-1 of Aln-Gln were fed to fish for 12 weeks. Supplementation with 7.5, 10.0, or 15.0 g · kg-1 of Aln-Gln significantly increased weight gain rate(WGR), protein efficiency ratio(PER), but feed conservation rate(FCR) and survival were not affected(P>0.05). The intestinal fold height and number, digestive enzyme, Na+, K+-ATPase activities was found to be significantly high(P<0.05) with increasing dietary Aln-Gln supplementation up to 7.5 g · kg-1, but there were no significant differences for Aln-Gln supplementation from 7.5 to 15.0 g · kg-1. The glutathione peroxidase(GPX) activity, glutathione(GSH), superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity increased and malondialdehyde(MDA) levels decreased significantly(P<0.05) in the intestine, hepatopancreas, plasma and muscles. The plasma complement-3(C3) and complement-4(C4) levels were significantly(P<0.05) improved at 5.0 g · kg-1 level and decreased when over 7.5 g · kg-1. The plasma lysozyme(LSZ) activity increased significantly(P<0.05) at 7.5, 10.0, or 15.0 g · kg-1 level. In summary, the results showed that Aln-Gln improved growth performance, development and function of the intestine, the activity of the antioxidant defense system and the plasma non-specific immunity of the carps. The optimal Aln-Gln level was 8.24 g · kg-1 diet for WGR based on broken-line regression model analysis.
基金supported by the National High-TechR&D Program of China (2004BA526B02)the Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao Agricultural Univesity,China (610804)the High Level Talents Fund of Qingdao Agricultural University, China (630628)
文摘The study aims to determine the effects of graded farming on growth performance and non-specific immunity factors of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Boone. Three size groups of shrimp, i.e., the small size group [GS, with an average body length (BL) of (3.04 ± 0.36) cm and body weight (BW) (0.412 ± 0.35) g], the large group [GL, with a BL of (4.29 ± 0.55) cm and BW of (1.098 ± 0.42) g], and the ungraded group [Gm, with a BL of (3.47 ± 0.81) cm and BW of (0.611 ± 0.79) g], were reared under the same conditions for 8 wk. Growth performance and non- specific immunity factors were measured. The results showed that BW gain, biomass gain and the specific growth rate of body length (SGRL) were significantly influenced by size grading (one-way ANOVA, P < 0.05). The peroxidase (POD) and antibacterial (Ua) activities of GL were lower than those of Gm. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lysozyme (Ul) activities of Gm were lower than those of Gs. No significant difference (P = 0.121 > 0.05) was found on phenoloxidase (PO) activity among the three size groups. Synthetically, size grading could enhance growth and rearing efficiency, and did not have a significant influence on the immunity of L. vannamei Boone. Therefore, graded farming in L. vannamei Boone was feasible in the culture practice.
基金Supported by Shanghai Medical Development Fund for Major Projects, No. 05III004Shanghai Pujiang Projects for Talents, No. 06PJ14019
文摘AIM: To detect the MLH1 gene promoter germline- methylation in probands of Chinese hereditary non- polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), and to evaluate the role of methylation in MLH1 gene promoter and molecular genetics in screening for HNPCC. METHODS: The promoter germline methylation of MLH1 gene was detected by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) in 18 probands from unrelated HNPCC families with high microsatellite-instability (MSI-H) phenotype but without germline mutations in MSH2, MLH1 and MSH6 genes. At the same time, 6 kindreds were col- lected with microsatellite-stability (MSS) phenotype but without germline mutations in MSH2, MLH1 and MSH6 genes as controls. The results of MSP were confirmed by clone sequencing. To ensure the reliability of the results, family H65 with nonsense germline mutation at c.2228C > A in MSH2 gene was used as the negative control and the cell line sw48 was used as the known positive control along with water as the blank control. Immunochemical staining of MLH1 protein was per- formed with Envision two-step method in those patients with aberrant methylation to judge whether the status of MLH1 gene methylation affects the expression of MLH1 protein. RESULTS: Five probands with MLH1 gene promoter methylation were detected in 18 Chinese HNPCC fami- lies with MSI-H phenotype but without germline muta- tions in MSH2, MLH1 and MSH6 genes. Two of the five probands from families H10 and H29 displayed exhaus- tive-methylation, fulfilling the Japanese criteria (JC) and the Amsterdam criteria (AC), respectively. The other 3 probands presented part-methylation fulfilling the AC. Of the 13 probands with unmethylation phenotype, 8 ful- filled the JC and the Bethesda guidelines (BG), 5 fulfilled the AC. The rate of aberrant methylation in MLH1 gene in the AC group (22.2%, 4/18) was higher than that in the JC/BG groups (5.6%, 1/18) in all HNPCC families with MSI-H phenotype but without germline mutations in MSH2, MLH1 and MSH6 genes. However, no proband with methylation in MLH1 gene was found in the families with MSS phenotype and without germline mutations in MSH2, MLH1 and MSH6 genes. No expression of MLH1 protein was found in tumor tissues from two patients with exhaustive-methylation phenotype, whereas posi- tive expression of MLH1 protein was observed in tumor tissues from patients with partial methylation phenotype (excluding family H42 without tumor tissue), indicating that exhaustive-methylation of MLH1 gene can cause defective expression of MLH1 protein. CONCLUSION: Methylation phenotype of MLH1 gene is correlated with microsatellite phenotype of MMR genes, especially with MSI-H. Exhaustive-methylation of MLH1 gene can silence the expression of MLH1 pro- tein. MLH1 promoter methylation analysis is a promis- ing tool for molecular genetics screening for HNPCC.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201003055)Fundamental Research Funds in Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(201001)
文摘This study was to investigate the effects of aqueous decotion from three Chinese medicinal herb additives( Cyrtomium fortunei,prescription I and prescription II) on non-specific immunity of 1 + age old Amur sturgeon( Acipenser schrencki Brandt) by oral perfusion. Cyrtomium fortunei,prescription I and prescription II were orally given to 15 fishes for each experimental group once a day,with the concentration of 9,175 and 36 g /50 kg body weight,respectively. The administration was lasted for 14 days. Meanwhile,distilled water was orally given as the control. After the experiment,some of the experimental fishes were stimulated with high temperature( 30 ℃) for two hours. Sampling was performed from fishes treated at 22 ℃ and 30 ℃ for measuring the protein content in the serum,phagocytic activity of leucocytes and the activity of the lysozyme in six tissues. The results indicated that Cyrtomium fortunei and prescription II could help to enhance the content of various proteins and the phagocytic activity of leucocytes. There was no significant change in the effects between these two additives at either the normal temperature or high temperature. Prescription I did not show an obvious effect on the immunity of fishes at the normal temperature,but it did in promoting high-efficiency response and improving immunoregulation of fish shocked by some stimuli.
文摘To eliminate the irrational supposition that condensed liquid water always falls immediately, specific water m?and maximum airborne specific water mm are introduced into the dynamic framework on non-uniform saturated moist atmosphere (m?is the ratio of the airborne liquid water mass to the moist air mass in unit cubage moist air, mm is its maximum value with , , and are airborne coefficient, vertical velocity and saturated specific humidity respectively). The balance equation between water vapor and airborne liquid water is derived. From the balance equation, a new formula of precipitate rate is got. The analysis shows that in the air stream with some upward vertical velocity ( ), the condensed liquid water can precipitate under the condition with (q is specific humidity) and? only, otherwise it is detained in the air and becomes airborne liquid water. Not only does precipitating liquid water contain condensed liquid water, but also contains converged and existing airborne liquid water. Following above discussion, improved dynamic equations on non-uniform saturated moist atmosphere are provided.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos 2006CB601000, 2006CB921802 and 2006CB921300)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ITSNEM)
文摘The alloys of non-centrosymmetric superconductor, Re 3 W, which were reported to have an α-Mn structure [P. Greenfield and P. A. Beck, J. Metals, N. Y. 8, 265 (1959)] with T c = 9 K, are prepared by arc melting. The values of ac susceptibility and the low-temperature specific heat of these alloys are measured. It is found that there are two superconducting phases coexisting in the samples with T c1 ≈ 9 K and T c2 ≈ 7 K, which are both non-centrosymmetric in structure as reported previously. By analysing the specific heat data measured in various magnetic fields down to a temperature of 1.8 K, we find that the absence of the inversion symmetry does not lead to an obvious deviation from an s-wave pairing symmetry in Re 3 W.
基金Supported by National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, No.2001AA5070, 2002AA639600)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (No.B0410022, 2006F5066)
文摘Non-specific immune response of bullfrog Rana catesbeiana to pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila was studied to 60 individuals in two groups.Each bullfrog in bacterium-injected group was injected intraperitoneally(i.p.) with 0.2 ml bacterial suspension at a density of 5.2 × 106 CFU/ml,while each one in control group injected i.p.with 0.2 ml sterile saline solution(0.85%,w/v).Three bullfrogs in both groups were sampled at 0,1,3,7,11,15 and 20 days post-injection(dpi) for the evaluation of non-specific immune parameters.It was observed that intraperitoneal injection of A.hydrophila significantly increased the number of leucocytes and that of NBT-positive cells in peripheral blood.Significant increases in serum bactericidal activity and serum acid phosphatase activity were also observed in the bacterium-injected frogs when compared with those in the control group.However,a significant reduction was detected in vitro in phagocytosis activity of peripheral blood phagocytes.No significant difference in changes in the number of peripheral erythrocytes,serum superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity,and lysozyme activity was detected between the two groups.It is suggested that bullfrogs may produce a series of non-specific immune reactions in response to the A.hydrophila infection.
基金Supported by Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(S2013010013693,S2011010003451)Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province(2013B020307016)Excellent Young Teachers Program of Guangdong(Yq2013152)
文摘The juveniles of hybrid tilapia( Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis areus) were exposed to ammonia-nitrogen( N)( 0,2. 5,5,10 and 20 mg / L) for0,12,24,48 and 72 h to evaluate the effect of ammonia-N stress on their non-specific immunity. Results show that the activity of serum lysozyme decreased significantly with extension of stress time( P < 0. 05). The total antioxidant capacity( T-AOC) and activity of antioxidase in liver were significantly affected. The activity of T-AOC and total superoxide dismutase( T-SOD) of fish exposed to ammonia-N were initially decreasing then increasing( P < 0. 05). Activities of catalase( CAT) and glutathione peroxidase( GSH-Px) were correlated with concentrations of ammonia-N. Fish exposed to lower concentrations( 2. 5 mg/L or 5 mg/L)showed decreased CAT activity within 24 h( P < 0. 05),while those exposed to higher concentrations( 10 mg / L or 20 mg / L) initially showed increased then decreased activity of CAT. Except for the highest concentration groups,fish exposed to ammonia-N showed inductive activity of GSH-Px( P < 0. 05). Under the experimental conditions,non-specific immunity of tilapia was affected by ammonia-N stress,and the impact was increased with increased concentration and extension of time.
