Risk factors and metabolic abnormality of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Either non-obese or obese Chinese population

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) occurs not only in obese individuals but also in non-obese ones. The aim of this study was to focus on the association between NAFLD and metabolic events in a non-obese or obese Chinese population.Methods: Data collected from subjects registered at Taichung Veterans General Hospital from January to December 2009 were analyzed. The exclusion criteria were alcoholics, chronic hepatitis B or C. Patients included in analyses were assigned to four groups according to sonography of their liver(normal or NAFLD), and body mass index(BMI) levels(non-obese if BMI < 25 kg/m~2 or obese if BMI ≥ 25 kg/m~2).Results: There were 745, 208, 770 and 285 patients enrolled in four groups labeled non-obese normal liver(group A), non-obese NAFLD(group B), obese normal liver(group C) and obese NAFLD(group D),respectively. The highest ratio of metabolic syndrome existed in the group B(26.9%), followed by group A(11.7%), group D(10.9%) and finally the group C(5.2%). The positive association with NAFLD in non-obese individuals was significant in triglyceride(OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 1.01–1.02) and glucose(OR = 1.02; 95% CI:1.01–1.03), while the positive association with NAFLD in obese subjects was only significant in triglyceride(OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 1.01–1.02). The positive association was most significant in all cases(adjusted OR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.78–3.24), especially in non-obese individuals(OR = 2.81; 95% CI: 1.92–4.12).Conclusions: Non-obese NAFLD subjects displayed a higher proportion of metabolic abnormality. Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia had the most positive strength association with NAFLD.

Population distribution and threats to sustainable management of selected non-timber forest products in tropical lowland rainforests of south western Nigeria

Uncontrolled harvesting of non-timber forest products （NTFPs） poses a serious risk of extermination to several of these species in Nigeria. Yet, there is a paucity of information on the distribution, population status and sustainable management of NTFPs in most of the tropical lowland rainforests. We, therefore, assessed the population, distribution and threats to sustainable management of NTFPs within the tropical lowland rainforests of Omo and Shasha Forest Reserves, south western Nigeria. Data were obtained through inventory surveys on five top priority species including： bush mango （Irvingia gabonensis （Aubry-Lecomte ex O’Rorke） Baill）, African walnut （Tetracarpidium conophorum （Mull. Arg.） Hutch. ＆ Dalziel syn. Plukenetia conophora）, chew-stick （Massularia acuminata （G. Don） Bullock）, fever bark （Annickia chlorantha Setten ＆ P.J.Maas syn. Enantia chloranta） and bush pepper （Piper guineense Schumach. ＆ Thonn.）. Purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were used for the inventory. Each forest reserve was stratified into three, viz： less disturbed natural forest （for areas that have been rested for at least ten years）, recently disturbed natural forest （for areas that have suffered one form of human perturbation or the other in the last five years）, and plantation forest （for areas carrying forest plantation）. Data were collected from eighteen 10 m × 500 m belt transects located in the above strata. The species were generally fewer in both plantation and recently disturbed natural forest than the less disturbed natural forest, suggesting that forest disturbances （habitat modification） for other uses may have an effect on the occurrence and densities of the NTFPs. Exceptions to this trend were found for P. guineense and T. conophorum, which were fairly common in both plantation and recently disturbed natural forest. Among three tree NTFP species （i.e. I. gabonensis, M. acuminata and A. chlorantha）, only I. gabonensis showed a significant difference in overall DBH size classes for both reserves （t=？2.404; df =21; p=0.026）. Three tree NTFP species in both reserves further showed differences from the regular patterns of distribution of trees. The fairly regular reverse J-shaped size class distribution observed for M. acuminata in the study sites, however, suggests a recuperating population. In general, destructive harvesting of species, logging operations, low population size, narrow distribution ranges and habitat degradation are the major threats to the population of NTFPs in the study area. The implications of our findings for sustainable management of NTFPs in the study area are discussed and recommendations are made for a feasible approach towards enhancing the status of the species.

Bayesian Reliability——Growth Analysis for Statistical of Diverse Population Based on Non-homogeneous Poisson Process

New armament systems are subjected to the method for dealing with multi-stage system reliability-growth statistical problems of diverse population in order to improve reliability before starting mass production. Aiming at the test process which is high expense and small sample-size in the development of complex system, the specific methods are studied on how to process the statistical information of Bayesian reliability growth regarding diverse populations. Firstly, according to the characteristics of reliability growth during product development, the Bayesian method is used to integrate the testing information of multi-stage and the order relations of distribution parameters. And then a Gamma-Beta prior distribution is proposed based on non-homogeneous Poisson process（NHPP） corresponding to the reliability growth process. The posterior distribution of reliability parameters is obtained regarding different stages of product, and the reliability parameters are evaluated based on the posterior distribution. Finally, Bayesian approach proposed in this paper for multi-stage reliability growth test is applied to the test process which is small sample-size in the astronautics filed. The results of a numerical example show that the presented model can make use of the diverse information synthetically, and pave the way for the application of the Bayesian model for multi-stage reliability growth test evaluation with small sample-size. The method is useful for evaluating multi-stage system reliability and making reliability growth plan rationally.

Synchronization Dynamics in a System of Multiple Interacting Populations of Phase Oscillators

We study the synchronization dynamics in a system of multiple interacting populations of phase oscillators. Using the dimensionality-reduction technique of Ott and Antonsen, we explore different types of synchronization dynamics when the incoherent state becomes unstable. We find that the inter-population coupling is crucial to the synchronization. When the intra-population interaction is repulsive, the local synchronization can still be maintained through the inter-population coupling. For attractive inter-population coupling, the local order parameters in different populations are of in-phase while the local synchronization are of anti-phase for repulsive inter-population coupling.

Population dynamics of excited atoms in non-Markovian environments at zero and finite temperature

The population dynamics of a two-atom system, which is in two independent Lorentzian reservoirs or in two independent Ohmic reservoirs respectively, where the reservoirs are at zero temperature or finite temperature, is studied by using the time-convolutionless master-equation method. The influences of the characteristics and temperature of a non-Markovian environment on the population of the excited atoms are analyzed. We find that the population trapping of the excited atoms is related to the characteristics and the temperature of the non-Markovian environment. The results show that, at zero temperature, the two atoms can be effectively trapped in the excited state both in the Lorentzian reservoirs and in the Ohmic reservoirs. At finite temperature, the population of the excited atoms will quickly decay to a nonzero value.

Effect on Landau damping rates for a non-Maxwellian distribution function consisting of two electron populations

In many physical situations where a laser or electron beam passes through a dense plasma,hot low-density electron populations can be generated,resulting in a particle distribution function consisting of a dense cold population and a small hot population.Presence of such low-density electron distributions can alter the wave damping rate.A kinetic model is employed to study the Landau damping of Langmuir waves when a small hot electron population is present in the dense cold electron population with non-Maxwellian distribution functions.Departure of plasma from Maxwellian distributions significantly alters the damping rates as compared to the Maxwellian plasma.Strong damping is found for highly nonMaxwellian distributions as well as plasmas with a higher density and hot electron population.Existence of weak damping is also established when the distribution contains broadened flat tops at the low energies or tends to be Maxwellian.These results may be applied in both experimental and space physics regimes.

Adaptive coupled synchronization of non-autonomous systems in ring networks

The adaptive coupled synchronization method for non-autonomous systems is proposed. This method can avoid estimating the value of coupling coefficient. Under the uniform Lipschitz assumption, we derive the asymptotical synchronization for a general coupling ring network with N identical non-autonomous systems~ even when N is large enough. Strict theoretical proofs are given. Numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the present method.

A novel mixed-synchronization phenomenon in coupled Chua's circuits via non-fragile linear control

Dynamical variables of coupled nonlinear oscillators can exhibit different synchronization patterns depending on the designed coupling scheme. In this paper, a non-fragile linear feedback control strategy with multiplicative controller gain uncertainties is proposed for realizing the mixed-synchronization of Chua＇s circuits connected in a drive-response configuration. In particular, in the mixed-synchronization regime, different state variables of the response system can evolve into complete synchronization, anti-synchronization and even amplitude death simultaneously with the drive variables for an appropriate choice of scaling matrix. Using Lyapunov stability theory, we derive some sufficient criteria for achieving global mixed-synchronization. It is shown that the desired non-fragile state feedback controller can be constructed by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities （LMIs）. Numerical simulations are also provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.

Surgery Versus Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Single Synchronous Brain Metastasis from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Objective： The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of surgery with stereotactic radiosurgery （SRS） for patients with a single synchronous brain metastasis from successfully treated non-small cell lung cancer. Methods： Between 1995 and 2002, 53 patients underwent resection of both primary non-small cell lung cancer and the associated single brain metastasis. There were 33 men and 20 women with a mean age of 57 years （range, 32-85 years）. At the time of diagnosis, 42 patients experienced lung cancer related symptoms, whereas 11 patients experienced brain metastases-related symptoms. 42 patients had received thoracic surgery first, and 11 patients had undergone neurosurgery or radiosurgery first. Pneumonectomy was performed in 9 out of 42 patients （21.4%）, lobectomies in 30 （71.4%）, and wedge resection in 3 （7.2%）. 48 patients （90.5%） underwent complete lymphadenectomy. 35 patients underwent brain metastasectomy. 18 underwent SRS. Results： There was no postoperative mortality and severe complications after either lung or brain surgery. Histology showed 34 adenocarcinomas, 16 squamous cell carcinomas, and 3 large cell lung cancers. 15 patients （28.3%） had no evidence of lymph node metastases （No）, 20 patients （37.7%） had hilar metastases （N1）, and 18 patients （34%） had mediastinal metastases （N2）. The 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 49%, 19%, 10%, and 5%, respectively. The corresponding data for neurosurgery group were 55%, 17%, 11%, and 6%, respectively. The median survival time was 13 months. For SRS group the corresponding data were 44.8%, 20.9% 10.5%, and 2%, respectively. The median survival time was 14 months. The differences between the two groups were not significant （P〉0.05）. In lymph node negative patients （No）, the overall 5-year survival rate was 10%, as compared with a 1% survival rate in patients with lymph node metastases （N1-2）. The difference was significant （P〈0,01）. For adenocarcinomas, the 5-year survival rate was 5%. The correspondent data for squamous cell lung cancers was 3%. The difference was not significant （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Although the overall survival rate for patients who have brain metastases from NSCLC is poor, surgical resection or radiosurgery may be beneficial in a select group of patients with synchronous brain metastases and lung cancer without lymph node metastases.

Non-PLL high-precision synchronous sampling method among lots of acoustics acquisition channels for underwater multilinear array seismic exploration system

Synchronous sampling is very essential in underwater multilinear array seismic exploration system in which every acquisition node(AN)samples analog signals by its own analog-digital converter(ADC).Aiming at the problems of complex synchronous sampling method and long locking time after varying sampling rate in traditional underwater seismic exploration system,an improved synchronous sampling model based on the master-slave synchronous model and local clock asynchronous drive with non phase locked loop(PLL)is built,and a high-precision synchronous sampling method is proposed,which combines the short-term stability of local asynchronous driving clock with the master-slave synchronous calibration of local sampling clock.Based on the improved synchronous sampling model,the influence of clock stability,transmission delay and phase jitter on synchronous sampling error is analyzed,and a high-precision calibration method of synchronous sampling error based on step-by-step compensation of transmission delay is proposed.The model and method effectively realize the immunity of phase jitter on synchronous sampling error in principle,and compensate the influence of signal transmission delay on synchronous sampling error.At the same time,it greatly reduces the complexity of software and hardware implementation of synchronous sampling,and solves the problem of long locking time after changing the sampling rate in traditional methods.The experimental system of synchronous sampling for dual linear array is built,and the synchronous sampling accuracy is better than 5 ns.

Non-Synchronous Deformation Effect of Particle in Sheet Metal Forming Process

A new concept referred to the non-synchronous deformation effect of particle in sheet metal forming is proposed. The results of finite element analysis show that the flow resistance of sheet metal can be effectively reduced and thus the forming property can be greatly improved if the moving and deformation state of the neighboring elements with equal perpendicular distance to the entrance contour of die is non-synchronous. Experiment tests are presented and the results agree well with FEA simulation. In addition, the mechanism of the non-synchronous effect is analyzed in detail.

General hybrid projective complete dislocated synchronization with non-derivative and derivative coupling based on parameter identification in several chaotic and hyperchaotic systems

According to the Lyapunov stability theorem, a new general hybrid projective complete dislocated synchronization scheme with non-derivative and derivative coupling based on parameter identification is proposed under the framework of drive-response systems. Every state variable of the response system equals the summation of the hybrid drive systems in the previous hybrid synchronization. However, every state variable of the drive system equals the summation of the hybrid response systems while evolving with time in our method. Complete synchronization, hybrid dislocated synchronization, projective synchronization, non-derivative and derivative coupling, and parameter identification are included as its special item. The Lorenz chaotic system, Rssler chaotic system, memristor chaotic oscillator system, and hyperchaotic Lü system are discussed to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Design of an adaptive finite-time controller for synchronization of two identical/different non-autonomous chaotic flywheel governor systems

The centrifugal flywheel governor （CFG） is a mechanical device that automatically controls the speed of an engine and avoids the damage caused by sudden change of load torque. It has been shown that this system exhibits very rich and complex dynamics such as chaos. This paper investigates the problem of robust finite-time synchronization of non-autonomous chaotic CFGs. The effects of unknown parameters, model uncertainties and external disturbances are fully taken into account. First, it is assumed that the parameters of both master and slave CFGs have the same value and a suitable adaptive finite-time controller is designed. Second, two CFGs are synchronized with the parameters of different values via a robust adaptive finite-time control approach. Finally, some numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed finite-time controllers.

Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on the Treatment Outcomes of Chemotherapy in Women with Breast Cancer——A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study

There are few population-based data in investigating the impact of diabetes on chemotherapy adverse effects and treatment outcomes of non-metastatic breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether diabetes affects the patterns of use in chemotherapy, toxic effects of chemotherapy, and treatment outcomes for non-metastatic breast cancer in Taiwan. The study results can provide physicians for making a decision whether or not to use chemotherapy based on the individual patients＇ condition.

Discordant tumor response in the treatment of ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer leads to the diagnosis of synchronous multiple primary lung cancer

The advent of targeted molecular therapy against the EML4-ALK fusion gene is the latest therapeutic intervention for a subset of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Crizotinib (Xalkori) is an orally available small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor proven in clinical trials to significantly impact progression free survival and overall response rate. We present a case of a 56-year-old male with NSCLC whose lack of a positive treatment response to this therapy led to the clinical suspicion and identification of the underdiagnosed entity known as synchronous multiple primary lung cancer (SMPLC).

考虑时间变化的洪涝灾害损失评估

洪涝灾害是对我国影响最大的自然灾害之一。聚焦灾害损失评估问题,本文构建了考虑时间变化的洪涝灾害损失函数。一方面,表征灾害损失随着致灾因子强度先递增、而后增幅趋缓的静态S型曲线关系;另一方面,通过量级、形状和位置三个参数综合考虑灾害损失随时间的动态变化情况。基于《中国水旱灾害防御公报》提供的受灾人口、直接经济损失数据,对于各省级行政区2006—2021年洪涝灾害损失进行评估分析。结果表明:通过拟合洪涝灾害损失函数,洪涝灾害损失关于致灾因子强度和时间的三维空间散点图可有效地拓展成为连续的三维空间曲面及二维空间热力图。各省级行政区受灾人口整体上呈现出逐年下降的特征,但随致灾因子强度的增加而趋于增加。各省级行政区直接经济损失则表现出明显的差异,随时间呈现出大幅下降、缓慢下降和略有增加等不同特征。考虑时间变化的洪涝灾害损失函数是变化环境下灾害评估的有效工具,可为区域洪涝灾情评估提供借鉴和参考。

科技创新应对健康挑战

随着全球化、人口老龄化趋势的加剧和全球气候变化,人类面临的健康挑战日益复杂。全球化带来了全球性健康问题的出现,传染病的传播速度和范围明显增加,影响更加深远;气候变化不仅直接影响着人类健康,还通过改变生态系统和病媒生物分布等方式间接增加传染病暴发风险;与此同时,人口老龄化使得慢性非传染性疾病负担持续攀升,共病等复杂健康问题日益凸显,给医疗卫生健康系统和社会服务保障系统均带来了巨大挑战。而科技创新为应对这些挑战提供了前所未有的机遇,从精准医学到人工智能(AI),科技的进步正重塑健康管理范式。科技创新不仅是现代医学发展的引擎,更是应对未来健康问题的关键。未来应加强卫生健康体系建设、创新医防协同及医防融合机制、加强科技攻关与创新、AI赋能基层能力提升,以更好地应对健康挑战,增进人类福祉。

务农情境下的工作—家庭冲突研究

本文基于CSS2021年的数据讨论了务农情境下的工作—家庭冲突。研究发现,双向工作—家庭冲突,即“工作对家庭干扰”(WIF)和“家庭对工作干扰”(FIW)不仅存在于非农群体中,也存在于务农群体中。务农群体FIW水平甚至超过了非农群体。在不同的情境中,工作—家庭冲突水平不同,影响因素也不同。因此,在工作—家庭冲突研究、工作—家庭平衡研究和工作—家庭增益研究中,无论是质性研究还是量化研究,都应该将务农群体纳入研究视野;在政策制定层面,国家应关注务农群体在工作—家庭平衡上的需求,他们不仅面临着工作—家庭冲突的困扰,也相对更为脆弱,更需要政策支持。

非肥胖人群胆结石检出率与危险因素分析

目的调查非肥胖体检人群胆结石检出率及其危险因素。方法2021年1月~2021年12月西安交通大学第二附属医院健康管理中心参加体检的非肥胖人群(BMI≤24 kg/m^(2)),行腹部超声和血生化检测。结果2021年度参加体检人群66221例,超重人群31427例,发现胆结石1591例(5.1%),有胆囊切除术862例(2.7%),非肥胖人群34794例,发现胆结石1309例(3.8%),胆囊切除术657例(1.9%),两组差异显著(P<0.001);非肥胖胆结石患者女性、年龄大、高BMI占比高,SBP、DBP、FBG、TG、TC、LDL-C、UA、ALT、AST、ALP、GGT、TBIL水平和合并脂肪肝者更高(P<0.001);采用多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、女性、BMI、FBG、GGT和脂肪肝是非肥胖人群胆结石发生的独立危险因素,而HDL-C则为保护性因素(P<0.001);非肥胖胆结石患者女性占65.0%,≥45岁者占62.4%,高SBP占32.7%,低HDL-C占29.4%、高LDL-C占27.3%、高TG占24.6%、高DBP占21.3%、高TC占21.3%、高FBG占19.6%、脂肪肝占16.8%和高UA占16.0%。结论非肥胖人群胆结石检出率显著低于超重人群,但这些人群中的女性、血糖、血脂代谢紊乱和合并脂肪肝者仍可存在胆结石,需要注意监测和防治。

基于漏斗函数双电机伺服系统跟踪与同步控制

针对双电机驱动伺服系统具有未知非线性的问题,提出一种基于漏斗函数的跟踪与同步控制方案。首先,利用神经网络逼近和补偿复杂的非线性,在此基础上,引入滤波技术解决传统反步控制的“计算爆炸”问题,同时引入非光滑漏斗误差面确保系统的状态量被约束在预定义的漏斗边界内,结合改进的漏斗函数和反步设计技术设计了一种自适应量化漏斗跟踪控制方案。为了同时保证双电机的同步运行,同步控制器采用了平均偏差耦合策略,实现了双电机伺服系统的跟踪与同步控制。仿真结果表明,该方法可以实现对负载的跟踪以及双电机的同步。