Institutional preparation for relaxation of control over the upstream petroleum industry in China

Relaxation of control over the upstream business of the petroleum industry in China is discussed. The authors suggest that a basic institutional preparation should be made before relaxing control over the upstream business, and that the institutional preparation includes at least four parts： 1） setting up the admission standards, 2） perfecting the management system of mining rights, 3） reforming the royalty and taxation system for oil and gas resources, and 4） improving the supervision and management system. Stressing the institutional preparation before relaxation of control does not mean that China could not relax control over the upstream business until the management systems are perfected, but the authors suggest that China could establish a necessary system for relaxation of control and to improve it with future practice.

Model of Healthcare-Associated Infection Control in Primary Health Care Institutions:A Structural Equation Modeling

The purpose of this study was to construct the model of organization system,managemcnt,training and surveillance in healthcare-associated infection prevention and control(IC)of primary health care institutions and identify its efleet on patient safety and decreasing economic burden by standardizing IC.A cross-sectional survey was conducted with questionnaires.Data were collected from 268 primary health care institutions in Hubei province,China.Hypotheses on the model of IC were analyzed by means of confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.The results showed that the fit indices of the hypothesized model of IC satisfied recommended levels:root mean square error of approximation(RMSEA)=0.071;comparative fit index(CFI)=0.965;tucker lewis index(TLI)=0.956:weighted root mean square residual(WRMR)=1.014.The model showed that organization system had a direct effect on management(β=0.311.P<0.01),and training(β=0.365,P<0.01).Management and training played an intermediary role that partially promoted organization system impact on surveillance.Results also showed that institutional factors such as the number of physicians、the ninnber of nurses,the designated capacity of beds,the actual number of open beds and surgery trips had positive impacts on management(β=0.050,P<0.01;β=0.181,P<0.01;β-0.111.P<0.01;β=0.064,P<0.01;β=0.084,P=0.04);nd training(β=0.21,P=0.03;β=0.050,P=0.02;β=0.586.P=0.01;0=0.995,P=0.02;β=0.223.P=0.03).In conclusion.the model of organization system,managemcnt,training and surveillancc in IC of primary health care institutions is valuable tor guiding IC practice.

State Council Issued the “Regulations on the Control of Foreign Funded Financial Institutions”

The Xinhua News Agency has released the full text of the No.340 order of the State Council signed by Premier Zhu Rongji, on the publication of the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on the Control of Foreign Funded Financial Institutions, which will take effect on the date of February 1 in 2002.

Survey on the Status Quo of Emergency Response Capabilities of Public Health Emergencies in Grassroots Disease Control Institutions in a Certain Area

Objective:To survey and study the emergency response capabilities of grassroots disease control institutions in a certain area for public health emergencies,and to put forward suggestions for rectification.Methods:The study was carried out from March 2022 to March 2023.Field surveys,questionnaire surveys,and interviews were used to investigate and analyze the emergency response capabilities of public health emergencies in 5 county Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCs)in the region.Results:Through the survey,it was found that the professional level of the existing emergency team personnel of the grassroots disease control institutions in this region needs to be improved.There was an overall lack of emergency plans,and the compliance rate of the equipment,inspection,and testing items was low.The health emergency system of the CDCs in the region and the ability of the talent team need to be further improved.Conclusion:The emergency response capacity of grassroots disease control institutions in this region needs to be improved.For this reason,government departments need to increase investment and strengthen the construction of talent teams and hardware settings,and grassroots disease control institutions need to strengthen the construction of the public health emergency system to improve the ability to respond to public health emergencies.

TheFocaIPointsoftheInstitutesofInternaIFinanciaIControIinHigherLearning

高校内部财务控制在实施过程中存在许多值得关注的问题,如何在现行复杂多变的经济环境中设计出一套科学合理有效的内部财务控制体系,事关高校改革与发展。本文从货币资金、筹资与对外投资、采购与付款、工程项目、预算外收入、经费支出以及科研经费管理等方面作了比较深入的探讨,以期对我国高校内部财务控制设计有所帮助。

Reducing the Internal Difference Error Rate in Hospital Pharmacies:From the Angle of Quality Control Circle

Objective To improve the management level of pharmacy dispensing center,reduce dispensing errors and promote the safety of drug use.Methods Hospital pharmacies could be managed according to the theory of quality control circle(QCC).Based on the ten steps of QCC,the internal difference error rate in pharmacies could be reduced.Results and Conclusion The error rate of pharmacies was reduced from 2.74‰to 0.57‰,and the goal achievement rate was 108.466.Besides,the progress rate reached 84.82%.The abilities of circle members were improved,and the operation of pharmacy was more standardized.The activity of QCC is helpful to reduce the internal difference error rate,improve the operation level of pharmacy and ensure the safety of drug use.

全国妇幼保健机构医院感染监测与防控实施现状调查报告

目的 了解全国各级妇幼保健机构医院感染监测和防控措施的实施现状,为优化妇幼保健机构医院感染防控工作提供政策依据。方法 从8个省/自治区的省部级、地市级和区县级妇幼保健机构中分层抽样,设计统一的调查问卷,以“问卷星”的形式开展线上调查。结果 123所妇幼保健机构的数据纳入统计分析。90.24%的妇幼保健机构开展了医院感染综合性监测,开展新生儿监护室医院感染目标性监测、手术部位感染目标性监测、多重耐药菌目标性监测和重症监护病房(非新生儿)医院感染目标性监测的妇幼保健机构比率分别为89.66%、85.96%、80.77%和74.19%,51.22%的妇幼保健机构实现了医院感染病例信息化监测。94.31%的妇幼保健机构开展了手卫生依从性监测工作,90%以上的妇幼保健机构中医院感染高风险部门开展了环境卫生学监测,71.54%的妇幼保健机构由消毒供应中心对复用诊疗器械集中清洗、消毒、灭菌和供应。>90%的妇幼保健机构建立了三级预检分诊制度,86.18%的妇幼保健机构设置了过渡病房。妇幼保健机构对建档孕产妇、高危新生儿、保健人群和长期康复患者等特殊就诊人群普遍采取了建立有效沟通机制、全预约就诊和单独分区就诊的管理模式,但开展互联网复诊的妇幼保健机构比率<50%。结论 妇幼保健机构普遍开展了医院感染综合性监测和目标性监测,信息化监测程度有待提高。手卫生和环境卫生学监测在各级妇幼保健机构中普及程度较高,少数妇幼保健机构复用诊疗器械清洗、消毒、灭菌和供应流程不规范。特殊就诊人群得到有效管理,互联网医疗有待进一步推广。

Randomized Controlled Trials and Ph.D. Level Training in Educational Research

This invited paper reviews recent initiatives in teaching about randomized field trials at the graduate level in education research. Reports in a book on randomized trials by Mosteller and Boruch are used as a benchmark. The initiatives have been driven heavily by recent governmental emphasis on ＂evidence based policy＂ in education, criminology, welfare and other sectors. This policy has been backed, in the US at least, by substantial investments in mounting randomized controlled trials to evaluate curriculum packages and programs in grades K-12, crime prevention programs, welfare, and other work. Accelerated growth in randomized trials has entailed cross discipline pre-doctoral and post-doctoral institutes and graduate education programs aimed at enhancing the quality in trial design, execution, and analysis of results. Specific illustrations of graduate education in this area of statistics are taken mainly from experience at the University of Pennsylvania＇s Graduate School of Education and selected other institutions.

环境法典污染控制制度的二元结构与体系整合

污染控制制度是环境法典的最主要内容,需要在现行污染防治单行法律法规的基础上进行体系化整合。现行立法分为两大基本类型,环境要素污染防治法围绕环境要素的污染排除进行制度设计,污染物质和能量污染防治法围绕污染物质和能量的减量和管制进行制度设计。在整合进入环境法典污染控制编时,两类污染防治制度的共通性制度要提炼出来进入污染控制编的基本规定,环境要素污染控制制度仍然围绕水、海洋、大气、土壤的污染控制展开,规定与环境要素相对应的具体污染控制制度。污染物质控制制度包括固体废物污染控制、有毒有害物质污染控制和放射性污染控制几个方面,应规定污染物质的全过程管控制度。能量污染控制制度以噪声污染控制为重心,振动、电磁辐射和光辐射污染控制应在法典中有基本规定。在协调不同类型污染控制制度的基础上,对现行污染防治规定进行归类、精简、合并、调整,并补充重要的污染控制规则,以完成环境法典污染控制编的制度设计和编排。

中国整形美容专业公立和民营医疗机构发展趋势

目的分析近3年中国整形美容专业公立和民营医疗机构的质控数据变化趋势。方法根据整形美容专业国家级质控中心制定的质控指标,借助国家医疗质量管理与控制信息系统收集指标数据,对数据进行整理、归纳及反馈核查,召开专家委员会对数据变化趋势进行分析。结果近3年整形美容专业公立和民营医疗机构数量均呈上升趋势,医师人数在2022年明显上升,公立医疗机构医师90%以上(民营医疗机构医师约70%)接受过高等教育;其他专业出身医师从事整形美容专业活动比例升高;病房美容性患者占比升高;门诊患者中注射操作占比较低;约1/3的民营医疗机构尚未应用电子病历系统。结论我国整形美容专业稳步发展,但部分指标数据仍存在改进空间。由于民营医疗机构数据较少,为开展全面评估,后续应鼓励民营医疗机构提高数据填报的积极性。

The Remarkable Impacts of Gordon Life Science Institute

In this review paper, the remarkable impacts of the first Internet Institute, the Gordon Life Science Institute, as well as its profound and far-reaching influence have been systematically and comprehensively presented.

健康体检机构呼吸道传染病疫情防控管理标准化研究

本文根据健康体检机构特点和疫情防控需求,从组织保障、物资配备、场所管理、工作人员管理、受检者管理、消毒隔离、传染病疫情报告、应急处置等方面,提出健康体检机构疫情防控管理标准化要点,明确标准研制思路,并提出进一步建议,以促进健康体检机构呼吸道传染病疫情防控管理的规范化。

基层疾病预防控制机构复合型人才评价指标体系构建

目的 构建基层疾病预防控制机构复合型人才评价指标体系,为基层疾控机构评价复合型人才提供参考。方法 根据冰山模型理论、德尔菲法和层次分析法,对甄选的专家进行咨询和问卷调查,计算各评价指标的权重并排序,建立基层疾控机构复合型人才评价指标体系。结果 共进行两轮专家咨询,协调系数分别为0.633和0.743,建立7个一级指标、17个二级指标在内的基层疾控机构复合型人才评价指标体系,符合一致性检验要求。一级指标分别为人员基本情况、学识水平、专业知识与技能、学习与创新能力、组织力与执行力、沟通协作能力、抗压能力与特殊成就,权重分别为0.083 01、0.089 03、0.093 79、0.125 30、0.223 08、0.205 30和0.180 49。其中二级指标位列前3位为处理疫情及重大事件能力、团队意识及协作能力、现任岗位工作能力。结论 基层疾控机构复合型人才评价工作中评价权重应向组织力与执行力指标倾斜,沟通协作能力指标也应给予重视;研究指标具有一定的科学性和实用性,为基层疾病预防控制机构选拔人才提供参考。

制度环境与大股东侵占行为研究——基于内部控制中介效应的检验

制度环境作为重要的外部治理机制,在约束大股东侵占行为,减缓公司治理问题中起着关键作用。本文以2013—2019年沪深A股上市公司为研究对象,探寻制度环境对大股东侵占的影响和作用机制,并进一步检验中介效应的调节作用。结果显示:制度环境的改善和企业内部控制质量的提升均能抑制大股东的侵占程度,内部控制质量在制度环境对大股东侵占作用中发挥中介效应。进一步研究发现,内部控制的中介传导机制仅存在于国有企业或实际控制人所有权较低的企业中,且制度环境和非正式制度之间存在替代效应。

文化教育类校外培训机构传染病防控能力评价指标体系构建

目的:构建文化教育类校外培训机构传染病防控能力评价指标体系,为相关部门提升传染病防控能力和开展管理工作提供参考依据。方法:在日常防控工作经验的基础上,结合既往文献研究和参考幼托机构、中小学校相关传染病管理要求,通过小组讨论和深入个人访谈等方法形成评价指标体系初步框架,通过两轮德尔菲法专家咨询对指标的重要性和可操作性进行判定。结果:邀请19名传染病防控领域专家开展两轮专家咨询,专家积极系数分别为1.00和0.95,专家权威系数为0.87,指标变异系数均<25%;第二轮专家咨询三级指标重要性协调系数为0.22,可操作性协调系数为0.27。从文化教育类校外培训机构基本情况、保障体系、日常防控措施、异常情况应对和防病检查指导5个维度,将机构资质、选址与规模、人员配备、设施设备、制度建设、物资配备、清洁与消毒、健康管理、缺课追踪、现场处置、登记与报告、复课管理和防病检查指导等各方面指标纳入评价指标体系,构建5个一级指标、14个二级指标、44个三级指标的评价指标体系。结论:构建的指标体系具有一定的科学性和合理性,可应用于文化教育类校外培训机构传染病防控能力的评价。

认知症老人机构照护风险控制:理论模型与实践阐释

随着人口老龄化程度的加深,我国不断增加的认知症老人对专业认知症照料提出了迫切需求。受认知症病症特征复杂、主体脆弱等因素影响,认知症老人机构照护面临着高照护风险。本文基于SHEL风险控制理论,聚焦人这一核心要素与其他要素间的相互影响,从人一软件、人一硬件、人一人、人一环境四个维度构建认知症老人机构照护风险控制理论模型。结合南京市R机构实例,通过认知症老人机构照护服务体系构建、疗愈空间设计、认知症友好环境打造、照护主体间协同支持等具体措施,阐释如何系统地生成认知症老人机构照护风险控制路径。在此基础上针对各照护风险因素提出四点对策思考:运用智能技术赋能照护服务体系、打造患者一护理一体化照护系统、营造社会认同与自主支持照护环境和协同多主体共建认知症照护屏障,以推进多层面认知症老人机构照护风险控制体系建立。

机构投资者调研对企业创新效率的影响及其作用机制

进一步拓宽关于企业创新效率影响因素以及机构调研经济后果的研究视角,以2013—2020年在深交所A股上市公司的数据为样本,从管理层激励的角度,对机构投资者调研与企业创新效率的关系进行实证检验。结果发现,机构投资者调研能够显著提升企业创新效率,表现在机构调研次数和参与调研的机构数量越多,企业创新效率越高。其中,相比于买方或卖方机构单独调研,买卖双方的联合调研对创新效率的提升作用更显著;机构调研能够通过发挥信息效应提高企业会计信息透明度、发挥监督效应提高企业内部控制力、发挥激励效应促进创新积极性,进而提高企业创新效率;相比于保险和其他机构,券商和基金公司调研对企业创新效率的作用更明显,并且机构调研对企业创新效率的促进作用在市场化程度较高的地区更强。据此,在促进机构投资者调研提高企业创新效率方面,得出对机构投资者、上市公司和政府部门等的启示建议。

基层疾病预防控制机构2017—2022年政务热线案件特征分析

目的通过分析2017—2022年某基层疾控机构政务热线诉求反映的问题,为基层疾控机构政务热线处理提供参考。方法回顾性对比分析2017—2019年(常态化防控期)与2020—2022年(动态化防控期)受理的市民热线政务工单,通过比较诉求原因分类及受理科室分布,探讨不同时期市民诉求的变化情况。结果该基层疾控机构在动态化防控期(6974件)受理热线工单量较常态化防控期(284件)增加了23.6倍。常态化防控期“公共卫生服务质量”类(7.75%)、“公共卫生服务可及性”类(49.30%)诉求引发的案件占比高于动态化防控期同类型案件占比(3.63%和19.29%)。动态化防控期“管理措施”类(27.37%)案件占比低于常态化防控期同类案件(33.10%),“数据信息化”类案件受理量在动态化防控期间更为突出。结论动态化防控政策直接影响了市民获得公共卫生服务的体验,导致市民诉求原因的变化。基层疾控机构应通过完善公共卫生服务能力建设,以诉求问题为导向,加强沟通培训等措施提高政务热线处理能力。

异质机构投资者持股对企业ESG表现的影响研究

以2011—2021年A股上市公司为研究样本,分析了异质机构投资者持股对于企业ESG表现的影响,并进一步检验了压力抵抗型机构投资者的作用机制。研究发现,压力抵抗型机构投资者更能够显著提升企业的ESG表现,并且在非国有企业、高新技术企业中这种促进作用更强;进一步机制检验表明,压力抵抗机构投资者可以通过缓解企业融资约束、提升企业内部控制水平的作用渠道对企业ESG表现产生促进作用。