Invasive versus conservative strategy in consecutive patients aged 80 years or older with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a retrospective study in China

Objective To investigate whether the very elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) will benefit from an invasive strategy versus a conservative strategy. Methods 190 consecutive patients aged 80 years or older with NSTEMI were included in the retrospective study from September 2014 to August 2017, of which 69 patients received conservative strategy and 121 patients received invasive strategy. The primary outcome was death. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to assess the statistical association between strategies and mortality. The survival probability was further analyzed. Results The primary outcome occurred in 17.4% patients in the invasive group and in 42.0% patients in the conservative group (P = 0.0002). The readmission rate in the invasive group (14.9%) was higher than that in the conservative group (7.2%). Creatinine level (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.10–1.03, P = 0.05) and use of diuretic (OR = 3.65, 95% CI: 1.56–8.53, P = 0.003) were independent influential factors for invasive strategy. HRs for multivariate Cox regression models were 3.45 (95% CI: 1.77–6.75, P = 0.0003), 3.02 (95% CI: 1.52–6.01, P = 0.0017), 2.93 (95% CI: 1. 46–5.86, P = 0.0024) and 2.47 (95% CI: 1.20–5.07, P = 0.0137). Compared with the patients received invasive strategy, the conservative group had remarkably reduced survival probability with time since treatment (P < 0.001). Conclusions An invasive strategy is superior to a conservative strategy in reducing mortality of patients aged 80 years or older with NSTEMI. Our results suggest that an invasive strategy is more suitable for the very elderly patients with NSTEMI in China.

Effects of omeprazole or pantoprazole on platelet function in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome patients receiving clopidogrel

Background: This study evaluated the effect of omeprazole or pantoprazole on platelet reactivity in non-STsegment elevation acute coronary syndrome(NSTE-ACS) patients receiving clopidogrel.Methods: Consecutive patients with NSTE-ACS(n =620) from general hospital of Shenyang Military Command were randomized to the omeprazole or pantoprazole(20mg/d) group(1:1), and received routine dual antiplatelet treatment. Patients' reversion rate of adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation(ADP-PA) was assessed at baseline, 12 to 24 h after administration of medication, and after 72 h of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). The primary endpoint of the study was platelet reactivity assessed with ADP-PA at 30 days after PCI. Adverse events(AEs) were recorded for 30-day and 180-day follow-up periods.Results: There were no significant differences between both the groups in platelet response to clopidogrel at 12–24h after drug administration(54.09%±18.90% vs. 51.62%±19.85%, P=0.12), 72 h after PCI(52.15%±19.45% vs. 49.66%±20.05%, P=0.18), and 30 days after PCI(50.44%±14.54% vs. 48.52%±15.08%, P=0.17). The rate of AEs did not differ significantly between groups during the 30-day(15.2% vs. 14.8%, P=0.91) and 180-day(16.5% vs. 14.5%, P=0.50) follow-up periods after PCI.Conclusion: The addition of omeprazole or pantoprazole to clopidogrel did not restrict the effect of platelet aggregation by reducing the conversion of clopidogrel. Compared with clopidogrel alone, pantoprazole-clopidogrel and omeprazoleclopidogrel combinations did not increase the incidence of adverse clinical events during 30-day and 180-day follow-up periods after PCI.

Effect of Shenmai injection combined with antiplatelet drugs on the plaque property and inflammatory response in patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS

Objective: To investigate the effect of Shenmai injection combined with antiplatelet drugs on the plaque property and inflammatory response in patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS. Methods: A total of 142 patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS who were treated in the hospital between June 2015 and September 2017 were divided into control group (n=71) and Shenmai injection group (n=71) by random number table method. Control group received antiplatelet drugs based on routine treatment, and Shenmai injection group received Shenmai injection combined with antiplatelet drugs on the basis of routine treatment. The differences in serum contents of plaque property-related indexes and inflammatory factors were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results: Before treatment, there was no significant difference in serum contents of metabolism indexes, lipid indexes, cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory factors between the two groups. After 1 week of treatment, serum metabolism indexes Hcy and UA contents of Shenmai injection group were lower than those of control group;serum lipid indexes ox-LDL and Lp-PLA2 contents were lower than those of control group;serum adhesion molecules sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 contents were lower than those of control group;serum inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-23 contents were lower than those of control group. Conclusion: Adjuvant Shenmai injection therapy can further stabilize the plaques and inhibit the systemic inflammatory response in patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS.

Relationship between serum vasoactive factors and plaque morphology in patients with non-ST-segment elevated acute coronary syndrome

Background Vasoactive factors have been reported to correlate with vulnerable plaque and acute coronary syndrome （ACS）. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vasoactive factors and plaque morphology in patients suffering from non-ST-segment elevated ACS. Methods From April 2007 to April 2009, 124 consecutive patients suffering from non-ST-segment elevated ACS who had received coronary angiography （CAG） and intravascular ultrasound （IVUS） in the People＇s Liberation Army General Hospital and Beijing Anzhen Hospital were enrolled in this study. Three serum vasoactive factors, plasma soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 （sFIt-1）, placental growth factor （PLGF） and interleukin-18 （IL-18）, were measured by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay of the patients. The levels of vasoactive factors were compared between vulnerable plaque group and stable plaque group, and between unstable angina pectoris （UAP） group and non-ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction （NSTE-AMI） group. The relationship between the plaque morphology and levels of vasoactive factors was analyzed. Results The levels of vasoactive factors were similar between the UAP group （69 patients） and NSTE-AMI group （55 patients）. The levels of sFIt-1 and PLGF in the vulnerable plaque group were significantly higher than those in the stable plaque group. The level of IL-18 was correlated positively with plaque morphology. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the level of PLGF was an independent risk factor for vulnerable plaque （OR=2.115, 95%Cl 1.415-5.758, P=0.018）. Using the ROC curve, PLGF was a significant factor for the diagnosis of vulnerable plaque （the diagnostic point was 26.3 ng/L, the proportion of square area under the ROC curve was 0.799, 95%C/0.758-0.839, P 〈0.001 ; the sensitivity of PLGF under the ROC curve was 86%, and the specificity 63%）. Conclusion Both IL-18 and PLGF are biomarkers for vulnerable plaques and helpful to predict vulnerable plaque.

Long-term Prognosis of Patients with Acute non-ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction undergoing Different Treatment Strategies

Background： In cardiology, it is controversial whether different therapy strategies influence prognosis after acute coronary syndrome. We examined and compared the long-term outcomes of invasive and conservative strategies in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （NSTEMI） and characterized the patients selected for an invasive approach. Methods： A total of 976 patients with acute NSTEMI were collected from December 2006 to October 2012 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Hospital. They are divided into conservative strategy （586 patients） and invasive strategy （390 patients） group. Unified tbllow-up questionnaire was performed by telephone contact （cut-off date was November, 2013）. The long-term clinical events were analyzed and related to the different treatment strategies. Results： The median follow-up time was 29 months. Mortality was 28.7% （n = 168） in the conservative group and 2.1% （n = 8） in the invasive management at long-term clinical follow-up. The secondary endpoint （the composite endpoint） was 59.0% （n = 346） in the conservative group and 30.3% （n = 118） in the invasive management. Multivariate analysis showed that patients in the conservative group had higher all-cause mortality rates than those who had the invasive management （adjusted risk ratio [RR] = 7.795; 95% confidence interval [CI]： 3.796 16.006, P 〈 0.001）, and the similar result was also seen in tile secondary endpoint （adjusted RR ： 2.102; 95% （7： 1.694-2.610, P 〈 0.001 ）. In the subgroup analysis according to each Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction risk score （TRS）, log-rank analysis showed lower mortality and secondary endpoint rates in the invasive group with the intermediate and high-risk patients （TRS 3-7）. Conclusions： An invasive strategy could improve long-term outcomes for NSTEMI patients, especially for intermediate and high-risk ones （TRS 3- 7）.

The association between admission systolic blood pressure and 1-year mortality in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome

Background In patients with acute coronary syndrome（ACS）, lower admission systolic blood pressure（SBP）levels infer a worse prognosis. However, the predictive potential of admission SBP on 1-year mortality has not fully elucidated in patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS（NSTEACS）. Methods We enrolled 1325 patients to investigate the association between admission SBP in patients hospitalized for NSTEACS. We analyzed the association between admission SBP and 1-year mortality. Admission SBP was categorized as low（〈110 mm Hg）, normal（110-140 mm Hg）, high（141-160 mm Hg）, and very high（〉160 mm Hg）. Results Compared with patients with normal admission SBP, those with low SBP had a significantly increased hazard ratios（HRs） for 1-year mortality of 3.03（P〈0.05）, while patients with high and very high admission SBP had no significantly increased HRs for 1-year mortality. Conclusion Low admission SBP, but not elevated admission SBP, is a strong independent predictor of 1-year mortality in patients with NSTEACS.

Comparison Between Upstream Tirofiban and Downstream Tirofiban in Patients With Non-ST-segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes at High-risk Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions:Efficacy and Safety

Objectives To compare the efficacy and safety of upstream tirofiban with downstream tirofiban in patients with non- ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes （NSTE-ACS） at high-risk undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods Two hundred and four patients with NSTE-ACS at high-risk undergoing PCI were randomized to upstream （4 -6 hours before coronary angiography） tirofiban or downstream （with the guidewire crossing the lesion） tirofiban. We evaluated myocardial damage after PCI by qualitatively analyzing cardiac troponin I （cTnI） and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase （CK-MB）. Platelet aggregation inhibition and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction （TIMI） flow grade were assessed. The incidences of major adverse cardiac events （MACE） at 24-hour, 90-day and 180-day after PCI were followed up. The incidences of bleeding complications and thrombocytopenia during tirofiban administration were recorded. Results There were 102 patients with NSTE-ACS randomly assigned to upstream group and downstream group respectively. The peak serum levels of cTnI within 48 hours after PCI were significantly lower with upstream tirofiban than downstream tirofiban （0.34 vs 0. 61 ; P 〈 0.05 ）. Post-procedural cTnI elevation within 48 hours was significantly less frequent among patients who received upstream tirofiban than downstream tirofiban （63 % vs 82%, P 〈 0. 05 ）. The peak serum levels of CK-MB as well as post-procedural CK-MB elevation within 48 hours after PCI were not significantly different between the two groups （ 15 vs 18 and 38% vs 43% ; respectively; P 〉 0. 05 ）. ECG changes and the inhibition of platelet aggregation between two groups were similar （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Although the inci- dences of MACE at 90-day and 180-day after PCI were not statistically different, they were consistently lower with upstream tirofiban （3 % vs 6% and 6% vs 16% ; P 〉 0.05 ）. The incidences of bleeding complications and thrombocyto- penia were similar in the two groups （ 11% vs 9% ; P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusions Among patients with NSTE-ACS at high-risk undergoing PCI, upstream tirofiban is associated with attenuated myocardial damage without increasing complications. （ S Chin J Cardiol 2009; 10（4） ： 179 -185）

Early aggressive versus initially conservative treatment in elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromeaTitle and subTitle Breakaaaaaaaa randomized controlled trial

Abstract Objectives The authors sought to describe the association between post-procedural bleeding and long-term recurrent bleeding, major adverse cardiac events （MACE）, and mortality among older patients undergoing per-cutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）.

地中海饮食模式和急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死发生风险的关系研究

目的探讨地中海饮食模式与急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)发生风险的相关性。方法本研究是一项单中心大型病例对照研究。收集2017年1月至2020年12月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院首次确诊为急性NSTEMI的患者600例作为急性NSTEMI组。根据年龄、性别进行1∶1匹配选取同期本院体检中心健康体检者600人作为对照组。比较2组一般资料。根据饮食频率调查问卷计算出改良地中海饮食评分(AMEDS)。将所有受试者按AMEDS分为AMEDS<4分组、AMEDS 4~5分组和AMEDS≥6分组。分析总体及不同AMEDS组的急性NSTEMI发生风险,分析AMEDS中不同种类食物与急性NSTEMI发生风险的相关性。结果急性NSTEMI组有高血压病、糖尿病病史的患者比例、收缩压、体重指数、目前吸烟者比例均高于对照组,家庭收入≥120000元/年的比例、AMEDS均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。相对于AMEDS<4分组的受试者而言,AMEDS 4~5分组以及AMEDS≥6分组受试者急性NSTEMI发生风险明显降低(调整年龄、性别、受教育年限、家庭年收入、病史、体重指数、血压、血红蛋白、生活方式等多个协变量后的多因素分析比值比=0.72,95%置信区间:0.53~0.94,P=0.031;比值比=0.62,95%置信区间:0.47~0.84,P=0.008)。将患者按年龄和性别进行分层,多因素回归分析后发现,随AMEDS增加,急性NSTEMI发生风险降低的趋势在男性和年龄<60岁的人群依然存在(均P<0.05),在女性和≥60岁的人群中,趋势差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),同时分层之间交互性分析后差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。AMEDS食物种类分析结果显示,蔬菜、鱼类降低急性NSTEMI发生风险,红肉或加工肉类增加其发生风险(比值比=0.51,95%置信区间:0.42~0.66,P<0.001;比值比=0.75,95%置信区间:0.59~0.94,P=0.010;比值比=1.51,95%置信区间:1.21~1.90,P<0.001)。结论地中海饮食模式和急性NSTEMI的发生相关,改良地中海饮食的高依从性可能降低急性NSTEMI的发生风险。

阿司匹林抗血小板相关基因多态性在汉族NSTEMI患者人群中的分布

目的:分析汉族非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者人群中与阿司匹林抗血小板药理作用相关的GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918)、PEAR1(rs12041331)和PTGS1(rs10306114)基因的基因型结果及等位基因分布特征,为汉族NSTEMI患者的个体化治疗提供参考。方法:选取2016年1月~2022年12月首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院收治的汉族NSTEMI患者107例为研究对象。采用荧光染色原位杂交的方法对GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918)、PEAR1(rs12041331)和PTGS1(rs10306114)3个基因多态性位点进行检测分型,研究分析其基因型频率分布及等位基因分布情况,并分析汉族NSTEMI患者人群与1000 Genomes数据库中部分人群相关等位基因的分布是否存在统计学差异。结果:汉族NSTEMI患者人群中,GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918)位点上基因型频率为TT 97.20%、TC 2.80%、CC 0%,等位基因频率为T 98.60%、C 1.40%;PEAR1(rs12041331)位点上基因型频率为GG 42.06%、GA 44.86%、AA 13.08%,等位基因频率为G64.49%、A 35.51%;PTGS1(rs10306114)位点上基因型均为AA(100%),未见AG或GG型。结论:在汉族NSTEMI患者人群中,与阿司匹林抗血小板药理作用相关的GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918)位点上突变少见,PTGS1(rs10306114)位点上未见突变,这2个多态性位点上均以野生型纯合子为主,而PEAR1(rs12041331)位点上突变多见。本研究中部分结果与既往报道或相关数据库中收录的其他人群类似,也有部分结果与既往报道或其他人群存在明显差异。

Distribution of gene polymorphisms associated with aspirin antiplatelet in the Han NSTEMI population

Objective:To analyze the genotype and allele distribution characteristics of GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918),PEAR1(rs12041331),and PTGS1(rs10306114)genes related to the antiplatelet pharmacological effects of aspirin,providing reference for individualized treatment of Chinese Han NSTEMI patients.Methods:A total of 107 Han patients with NSTEMI in Beijing Luhe Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2016 to December 2022 were selected as the research subjects.The genotypes of GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918),PEAR1(rs12041331)and PTGS1(rs10306114)were detected by fluorescence staining in situ hybridization.The frequency distribution and allele distribution of genotype were analyzed.The results were analyzed whether there were statistical differences in the distribution of related alleles between the Han NSTEMI population and some populations in the 1000 Genomes database.Results:In the Han NSTEMI population,the genotype frequencies of GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918)locus were TT 97.20%,TC 2.80%and CC 0%,the allele frequencies were T 98.60%and C 1.40%.The genotype frequencies of PEAR1(rs12041331)locus were GG 42.06%,GA 44.86%and AA 13.08%,the allele frequencies were G 64.49%and A 35.51%.The genotypes at the PTGS1(rs10306114)locus were all AA(100%),no AG or GG genotype was found.Conclusion:In the NSTEMI population of Han nationality,the mutation at GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918)site related to aspirin antiplatelet pharmacology is rare,and there is no mutation at PTGS1(rs10306114)site.Wild homozygotes are dominant in these two gene loci,while mutations in PEAR1(rs12041331)are more common.Some of the findings in this study are similar to those in previous reports or other populations included in the relevant database;however,some results differ from previous reports or other populations。

超声联合血清AnxA1、MMP-3对NSTE-ACS患者PCI术后冠状动脉再狭窄的预测价值

目的探讨血清膜联蛋白A1(AnxA1)、基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)联合冠状动脉血管内超声钙化特征对非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后冠状动脉再狭窄的预测价值。方法回顾性选取2019年7月至2022年5月鄂州市中心医院行PCI治疗的236例NSTE-ACS患者为研究对象,依据随访1年内冠状动脉再狭窄情况分为再狭窄组(n=24)和非狭窄组(n=212)。收集患者临床资料,对比患者血清AnxA1、MMP-3水平、血管内超声检查结果;采用Logistic多因素回归分析NSTE-ACS患者PCI术后冠状动脉再狭窄影响因素;受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清AnxA1、MMP-3水平联合钙化特征评分预测术后冠状动脉再狭窄的价值。结果再狭窄组血清AnxA1、MMP-3水平及钙化病变比例、浅表型钙化比例、钙化弧度、钙化长度、钙化特征评分分别为(2.40±0.61)μg/L、(56.49±12.31)μg/L、66.67%、70.83%、(162.18±28.43)°、(25.91±4.56)mm、(5.02±1.28)分,高于非狭窄组[(1.78±0.40)μg/L、(42.78±10.07)μg/L、22.64%、29.72%、(78.41±20.39)°、(13.72±3.68)mm、(3.47±1.02)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。AnxA1、MMP-3、钙化特征评分是NSTE-ACS患者PCI术后冠状动脉再狭窄的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。AnxA1、MMP-3、钙化特征评分及3者联合预测NSTE-ACS患者PCI术后冠状动脉再狭窄的AUC分别为0.825、0.780、0.854、0.960。结论AnxA1、MMP-3、钙化特征评分是NSTE-ACS患者PCI术后冠状动脉再狭窄的独立危险因素,3者联合较单一指标对冠状动脉再狭窄的预测价值更高。

急性NSTEMI患者PCI术后血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平及对预后的预测价值研究

目的探讨并分析急性非ST段抬高心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后血清纤维蛋白原/白蛋白值(FAR)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GGT),N端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平对预后的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2020年2月至2023年2月邯郸市中心医院收治的实施PCI的急性NSTEMI患者93例,根据术后30 d主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生情况将其分为MACE组(n=21)及无MACE组(n=72)。比较术前、术后30 d MACE组及无MACE组血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析对影响急性NSTEMI患者术后30 d MACE发生的危险因素进行分析,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平对急性NSTEMI患者术后MACE发生的预测价值。结果MACE组年龄为(65.37±3.46)岁;Killip分级为Ⅰ级2例,Ⅱ级3例,Ⅲ级5例,Ⅳ级11例;病变支数双支5例,3支16例;术后30 d血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平分别为(2.87±0.55)%、(53.27±3.06)U/L、(914.35±84.35)ng/mL。无MACE组的年龄为(58.71±2.86)岁;Killip分级为Ⅰ级32例,Ⅱ级27例,Ⅲ级7例,Ⅳ级6例;病变支数为双支53例,3支19例;术后30 d血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平分别为(2.12±0.51)%、(44.33±3.35)U/L、(656.82±75.63)ng/mL。MACE组和无MACE组的年龄、Killip分级、病变支数及术后30 d血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组性别、吸烟史、高血压史、高血脂史、糖尿病史及术前1 d血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP升高均为影响急性期NSTEMI患者术后MACE发生的独立危险因素(OR=3.074、2.686、3.340,P均<0.05)。ROC结果显示血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP及其联合检测预测急性NSTEMI患者术后MACE发生的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.681、0.690、0.733和0.790,联合检测的AUC更高(P<0.05)。结论血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平升高增加了急性NSTEMI患者PCI术后MACE的发生风险,三者联合检测对患者术后不良预后有一定预测价值。

NSTEMI患者PCI术后再入院风险预测模型的建立及验证

目的:探讨急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者行直接PCI术后再入院的影响因素,并建立预测模型。方法:选取166例NSTEMI患者为研究对象,依据患者PCI术后1年内是否因心梗及心肌梗死并发症再入院分为再入院组(n=110)和未再入院组(n=56)。分析NSTEMI患者行直接PCI术后再入院的独立影响因素,并构建其风险预测模型列线图,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线来评估模型区分度,采用Hosmer-Lemeshow对模型进行拟合优度检验,绘制校准曲线评估模型准确度。结果:心率、有无肺炎病史、病变血管数、甘油三酯、B型利钠肽为NSTEMI患者经直接PCI术后再入院的独立预测因素(P<0.05)。构建预测模型列线图,ROC曲线显示,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.773,敏感度为70.9%,特异度为76.8%,Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验显示,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.329,P=0.351)。通过模型校准曲线提示列线图模型的实际曲线接近理想曲线。结论:心率、有无肺炎病史、病变血管数、甘油三酯、B型利钠肽为NSTEMI患者直接PCI术后再入院的独立预测因素,以此建立的预测模型列线图可直观、快捷的对该类患者再入院的风险进行评估。

非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管闭塞状态与血栓类型的关系

目的运用光学相干断层成像(OCT)探讨非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者的梗死相关血管(IRA)闭塞状态与血栓类型的关系。方法回顾性研究2021年10月至2023年8月于河南省人民医院行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗且术中使用OCT检查的NSTEMI患者170例,其中IRA完全闭塞组83例,IRA非完全闭塞组87例,结合患者基线特征、造影结果及OCT结果进行比较分析。结果与IRA非完全闭塞组相比,IRA完全闭塞组的患者更年轻(P=0.013),男性比例更高(P=0.026),而患高血压病(P=0.010)和糖尿病(P=0.033)的比例较低。冠状动脉造影结果表明,IRA完全闭塞组IRA多见于左回旋支,而IRA非完全闭塞组多见于左前降支(P=0.012);IRA完全闭塞组侧支循环分级Ⅱ~Ⅲ级的比例高于IRA非完全闭塞组(P=0.022)。OCT结果显示,IRA完全闭塞组多数情况下由斑块破裂事件引起(P=0.014),主要以红色/混合血栓为主(P<0.001);而IRA非完全闭塞组则更常见于斑块侵蚀事件(P=0.014),以白色血栓为主(P<0.001)。结论NSTEMI患者IRA完全闭塞常发于左回旋支,且患者更年轻,血栓类型以红色/混合血栓为主,而IRA非完全闭塞病变以白色血栓为主。

血清sOSCAR对急性非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后心血管不良事件的预测价值

目的探讨血清可溶性破骨细胞相关受体(sOSCAR)对急性非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后心血管不良事件的预测价值。方法选取2020年1月至2022年1月潍坊市人民医院收治的接受PCI术的124例NSTEMI患者为NSTEMI组,根据术后是否发生主要不良心血管事件分为预后不良组(n=31)和预后良好组(n=93),另选取同期100体检健康的志愿者为对照组。构建多因素Logistic回归模型分析影响NSTEMI患者PCI术后预后的因素,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析sOSCAR水平对NSTEMI患者PCI术后预后的预测价值。结果与对照组比较,NSTEMI组血清血管生成素-2(Ang-2)水平升高,sOSCAR水平降低(P<0.05)。随访1年,124例NSTEMI患者PCI术后预后不良发生率为25.00%(31/124)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄增加和Ang-2升高为NSTEMI患者PCI术后预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05),左心室射血分数升高和sOSCAR升高为独立保护因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清Ang-2、sOSCAR水平联合预测NSTEMI患者PCI术后预后的曲线下面积为0.865,大于血清Ang-2、sOSCAR水平单独预测的0.791、0.786(P<0.05)。结论NSTEMI患者血清sOSCAR水平与患者PCI术后预后不良密切相关,血清sOSCAR联合Ang-2对NSTEMI患者PCI术后预后不良有较高的预测价值。

LDL-C/HDL-C对急性非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者介入治疗预后的预测价值

目的 探讨低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)对急性非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者介入治疗预后的预测价值。方法 选择医院2021年6月至2022年6月收治的105例接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的NSTEMI患者为研究对象,所有患者入院时记录一般资料,采集血液标本,检测血清LDL-C、HDL-C水平,并计算LDL-C/HDL-C值。介入治疗后均进行为期1 a的随访,观察患者预后情况,采用logistic回归分析NSTEMI患者介入治疗预后的危险因素,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,检验LDL-C/HDL-C对NSTEMI患者介入治疗预后的预测价值。结果 105例NSTEMI患者介入治疗出院后被随访1 a, 25例(23.81%)发生主要心血管不良事件,纳入预后不良组,80例未发生主要心血管不良事件,纳入预后良好组。预后不良组血清cTnT、LDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C水平均高于预后良好组,HDL-C水平低于预后良好组(P<0.05);经logistic回归分析,cTnT、LDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C是NSTEMI患者介入治疗预后不良的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05),HDL-C是NSTEMI患者介入治疗预后不良的保护因素(OR<1,P<0.05)。LDL-C、HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C预测NSTEMI患者介入治疗预后情况的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.677、0.795、0.808。结论 LDL-C/HDL-C与NSTEMI患者介入治疗预后情况密切相关,其水平上调可提示介入治疗预后不良发生风险增加。

阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布对非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征患者PCI围手术期Lp-PLA2的影响

目的 评估强化阿托伐他汀和阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布对采用经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者围手术期脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2 (Lp-PLA2)水平的影响。方法 共纳入择期行PCI的NSTE-ACS患者193例,根据降脂方案,分为阿托伐他汀20 mg组(A20组)、阿托伐他汀40 mg组(A40组)、阿托伐他汀20 mg联合依折麦布10 mg组(A20+E10组)、阿托伐他汀40 mg联合依折麦布10 mg组(A40+E10组)。观察围手术期血浆Lp-PLA2和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平的变化,随访30 d主要心血管不良事件和他汀类药物相关不良反应的发生情况。结果 析因分析结果表明,强化阿托伐他汀和依折麦布2个因素间无交互作用(P> 0.05),强化阿托伐他汀和阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布均可显著降低术后血浆Lp-PLA2水平(P <0.05)。术前各组Lp-PLA2水平无统计学差异(P> 0.05),术后各组Lp-PLA2水平均较术前降低(P <0.001)。对4组Lp-PLA2围手术期变化值进行两两比较,A40组、A20+E10组、A40+E10组均高于A20组,A40+E10组高于A40组(P <0.05),其余2组间比较无统计学差异(P> 0.05)。术后与术前比较,各组LDL-C水平无统计学差异(P> 0.05)。围手术期Lp-PLA2变化值与LDL-C变化值无相关性(P> 0.05)。各组30 d主要心血管不良事件和他汀类药物相关不良反应的发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 在行PCI的NSTE-ACS患者中,与中等强度阿托伐他汀(20 mg)相比,高强度阿托伐他汀(40 mg)可进一步降低术后Lp-PLA2水平。与阿托伐他汀单药相比,阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布可进一步降低术后Lp-PLA2水平。围手术期强化阿托伐他汀和阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布对Lp-PLA2水平的降低作用不依赖于LDL-C变化。

6种常见模型评分对NSTEMI患者远期预后预测价值的验证和比较

目的验证和比较6种常用模型评分对非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者远期主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的预测价值。方法收集1136例NSTEMI患者的临床资料。根据患者的GRACE评分、TIMI评分、ACEF评分、mACEF评分、CHA2DS2-VASc评分及CAMI-NSTEMI评分分为低、中、高危组。统计患者在随访期间MACE的发生情况。Kaplan-Meier法比较各评分风险分层患者的MACE发生率,受试者工作特征曲线和Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验来验证和比较6种模型评分对NSTEMI患者远期MACE的预测价值。结果本研究最终纳入909例NSTEMI患者,有225例患者发生了MACE。6种评分低、中、高危组间累积MACE发生率差异均有统计学意义,高危组累积MACE发生率均最高。CHA2DS2-VASc评分、ACEF评分及mACEF评分对NSTEMI患者远期发生MACE预测价值尚可[曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.675、0.660、0.662],TIMI评分、CAMI-NSTEMI评分和GRACE评分的预测价值一般(AUC分别为0.596、0.618、0.640)。所有模型评分对患者远期发生MACE的预测具有很好的校准度。结论CHA2DS2-VASc评分和mACEF评分对患者远期预后的预测能力较好,可以作为NSTEMI患者远期预后的评分工具。

定量血流分数对非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者冠状动脉临界病变功能性狭窄的诊断价值

目的:定量血流分数(QFR)是一项基于冠状动脉造影的无导丝功能学检查。本研究以血流储备分数(FFR)为参考标准,验证QFR对非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者冠状动脉临界病变(冠状动脉狭窄程度40%~70%)功能性狭窄的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2018年6月1日至2023年2月1日就诊于阜外华中心血管病医院并行冠状动脉FFR检查的168例NSTE-ACS患者。通过第二代QFR检测仪(AngioPlus,上海搏动医学影像技术有限公司)离线分析目标血管的QFR,并记录病变血管的解剖学参数,包括最小管腔直径(MLD)、直径狭窄百分比(DS%)、最小管腔面积(MLA)、面积狭窄百分比(AS%)。当FFR≤0.80时,认为冠状动脉狭窄存在功能学意义,即为冠状动脉功能性狭窄。结果:以FFR为金标准,对比剂血流模型QFR(cQFR)和固定血流模型QFR(fQFR)识别NSTE-ACS患者冠状动脉临界病变功能性狭窄的AUC分别为0.829(95%CI:0.773~0.885,P<0.001)和0.821(95%CI:0.766~0.875,P<0.001),诊断准确度、灵敏度、特异度分别为81.30%、56.00%、98.63%和76.83%、59.00%、99.04%。DeLong检验表明,在NSTE-ACS患者中,cQFR对冠状动脉临界病变功能性狭窄的诊断价值显著优于fQFR(P=0.03)。结论:以FFR为金标准,QFR尤其cQFR对NSTE-ACS患者冠状动脉临界病变功能性狭窄具有一定的诊断价值。