Tracking direct and indirect impact on technology and policy of transformative research via ego citation network

Purpose:The disseminating of academic knowledge to nonacademic audiences partly relies on the transition of subsequent citing papers.This study aims to investigate direct and indirect impact on technology and policy originating from transformative research based on ego citation network.Design/methodology/approach:Key Nobel Prize-winning publications(NPs)in fields of gene engineering and astrophysics are regarded as a proxy for transformative research.In this contribution,we introduce a network-structural indicator of citing patents to measure technological impact of a target article and use policy citations as a preliminary tool for policy impact.Findings:The results show that the impact on technology and policy of NPs are higher than that of their subsequent citation generations in gene engineering but not in astrophysics.Research limitations:The selection of Nobel Prizes is not balanced and the database used in this study,Dimensions,suffers from incompleteness and inaccuracy of citation links.Practical implications:Our findings provide useful clues to better understand the characteristics of transformative research in technological and policy impact.Originality/value:This study proposes a new framework to explore the direct and indirect impact on technology and policy originating from transformative research.

A Framework for the Assessment of Research and Its Impacts

This paper proposes a holistic framework for the development of models for the assessment of research activities and their impacts. It distinguishes three dimensions, including in an original way, data as a main dimension, together with theory and methodology. Each dimension of the framework is further characterized by three main building blocks： education, research, and innovation （theory）; efficiency, effectiveness, and impact （methodology）; and availability, interoperability, and ＂unit-free＂ property （data）. The different dimensions and their nine constituent building blocks are attributes of an overarching concept, denoted as ＂quality.＂ Three additional quality attributes are identified as implementation factors （tailorability, transparency, and openness） and three ＂enabling＂ conditions （convergence, mixed methods, and knowledge infrastructures） complete the fi-amework. A framework is required to develop models of metrics. Models of metrics are necessary to assess the meaning, validity, and robustness of metrics. The proposed framework can be a useful reference for the development of the ethics of research evaluation. It can act as a common denominator for different analytical levels and relevant aspects and is able to embrace many different and heterogeneous streams of literature. Directions for future research are provided.

Evidence-based Nomenclature and Taxonomy of Research Impact Indicators

Purpose: This study aims to classify research impact indicators based on their characteristics and scope. A concept of evidence-based nomenclature of research impact(RI) indicator has been introduced for generalization and transformation of scope. Design/methodology/approch: Literature was collected related to the research impact assessment. It was categorized in conceptual and applied case studies. One hundred and nineteen indicators were selected to prepare classification and nomenclature. The nomenclature was developed based on the principle—"every indicator is a contextual-function to explain the impact". Every indicator was disintegrated into three parts, i.e. Function, Domain, and Target Areas.Findings: The main functions of research impact indicators express improvement(63%), recognition(23%), and creation/development(14%). The focus of research impact indicators in literature is more towards the academic domain(59%) whereas the environment/sustainability domain is least considered(4%). As a result, research impact related to the research aspects is felt the most(29%). Other target areas include system and services, methods and procedures, networking, planning, policy development, economic aspects and commercialisation, etc. Research limitations: This research applied to 119 research impact indicators. However, the inclusion of additional indicators may change the result. Practical implications: The plausible effect of nomenclature is a better organization of indicators with appropriate tags of functions, domains, and target areas. This approach also provides a framework of indicator generalization and transformation. Therefore, similar indicators can be applied in other fields and target areas with modifications. Originality/value: The development of nomenclature for research impact indicators is a novel approach in scientometrics. It is developed on the same line as presented in other scientific disciplines, where fundamental objects need to classify on common standards such as biology and chemistry.

W-Index: A Weighted Index for Evaluating Research Impact

Academic evaluations such as tenure/promotion applications and society fellowship nominations rely heavily on bibliometric measures of each candidate’s research impact, including their research citations. This article first reviews existing evaluation criteria such as the h-index and q-most-citations, and then proposes a weighted w-index which minimizes shortcomings in existing single-number measures. The w-index consists of three factors—3 most cited first-author publications, 3 most cited publications as the corresponding/last author, and 3 additional most cited publications as a co-author, but does not allow double counting of these publications.

Economic Impact of Clinical Research to Research Centers and Opportunity Cost for the Reimbursement System in Turkey

Introduction: Clinical research is a key component of drug development with a significant economic value. It has been reported that the development of a new molecule requires 10 - 15 years and costs almost $1.3 billion. Around 75% of the cost is spent on the Phase I-IV clinical research process. This study aimed to show the economic value of clinical research in Turkey. Methods: Clinical trial budgets were estimated from the raw data of the Report of Istanbul Medical Faculty Clinical Research (ITFKAR). In the research, the estimated cost of drugs used in the clinical trials for the Turkish reimbursement agency (SGK) was calculated to show the cost of medicines acquired through clinical research. Results: The total budget for sponsored pharmaceutical research was $107 million in Turkey, and the government saved close to $311,096,130 during 2006-2010, due to not reimbursing the patients for the drugs in the clinical trials. Conclusion: Despite the limitations of the study, the findings are unique for Turkey. The results can lead to revisiting the importance and economic value of clinical trials in Turkey.

Characterizing structure of cross-disciplinary impact of global disciplines:A perspective of the Hierarchy of Science

Purpose:Interdisciplinary fields have become the driving force of modern science and a significant source of scientific innovation.However,there is still a paucity of analysis about the essential characteristics of disciplines’cross-disciplinary impact.Design/methodology/approach:In this study,we define cross-disciplinary impact on one discipline as its impact to other disciplines,and refer to a three-dimensional framework of variety-balance-disparity to characterize the structure of cross-disciplinary impact.The variety of cross-disciplinary impact of the discipline was defined as the proportion of the high cross-disciplinary impact publications,and the balance and disparity of cross-disciplinary impact were measured as well.To demonstrate the cross-disciplinary impact of the disciplines in science,we chose Microsoft Academic Graph(MAG)as the data source,and investigated the relationship between disciplines’cross-disciplinary impact and their positions in the Hierarchy of Science(HOS).Findings:Analytical results show that there is a significant correlation between the ranking of cross-disciplinary impact and the HOS structure,and that the discipline exerts a greater cross-disciplinary impact on its neighboring disciplines.Several bibliometric features that measure the hardness of a discipline,including the number of references,the number of cited disciplines,the citation distribution,and the Price index have a significant positive effect on the variety of cross-disciplinary impact.The number of references,the number of cited disciplines,and the citation distribution have significant positive and negative effects on balance and disparity,respectively.It is concluded that the less hard the discipline,the greater the cross-disciplinary impact,the higher balance and the lower disparity of cross-disciplinary impact.Research limitations:In the empirical analysis of HOS,we only included five broad disciplines.This study also has some biases caused by the data source and applied regression models.Practical implications:This study contributes to the formulation of discipline-specific policies and promotes the growth of interdisciplinary research,as well as offering fresh insights for predicting the cross-disciplinary impact of disciplines.Originality/value:This study provides a new perspective to properly understand the mechanisms of cross-disciplinary impact and disciplinary integration.

Visualizing medicine:The case for implementing graphical abstracts in clinical reporting

Graphical abstracts(GAs)are emerging as a pivotal tool in medical literature,enhancing the dissemination and comprehension of complex clinical data through visual summaries.This editorial highlights the significant advantages of GAs,including improved clarity,increased reader engagement,and enhanced visibility of research findings.By transforming intricate scientific data into accessible visual formats,these abstracts facilitate quick and effective knowledge transfer,crucial in clinical decision-making and patient care.However,challenges such as potential data misrepresentation due to oversimplification,the skill gap in graphic design among researchers,and the lack of standardized creation guidelines pose barriers to their widespread adoption.Additionally,while software such as Adobe Illustrator,BioRender,and Canva are commonly employed to create these visuals,not all researchers may be proficient in their use.To address these issues,we recommend that academic journals establish clear guidelines and provide necessary design training to researchers.This proactive approach will ensure the creation of high-quality GAs,promote their standardization,and expand their use in clinical reporting,ultimately benefiting the medical community and improving healthcare outcomes.

近期国外旅游影响研究综述——《Annals of Tourism Research》文献分析

旅游影响研究是旅游学研究的重要领域,包括旅游的经济影响、社会文化影响、环境影响、居民对旅游影响的感知等内容。以1995年～2005年期间在《Annals of Tourism Research》上发表的有关旅游影响研究的76篇论文为样本,从研究内容、研究区域、研究方法与特点等方面对国外研究进行了系统综述,可以看出国外旅游影响研究非常注重模型的构建、运用和使用数理统计方法,并且对欠发达地区较为关注,但在旅游的环境影响以及对旅游影响的调控等方面的研究也存在不足。

改进基本医疗(初级保健)研究报告内容的CRISP共识声明

基本医疗(初级保健)是一门独特的临床专业和研究学科,具有其自身的视角和方法。该领域的研究使用多种研究方法和研究设计来调查各种主题。基本医疗(初级保健)的多样性对其研究内容的报告提出了挑战,尽管已有大量报告指南问世,但没有一项指南专门针对基本医疗(初级保健)学科的需求而设。基本医疗(初级保健)研究报告内容的条目共识(CRISP)清单,旨在指导基本医疗(初级保健)研究的报告,包括提供基本医疗(初级保健)相关人群(从业者、患者和社区)所需的信息。CRISP清单完善了现有指南,有利于基本医疗(初级保健)研究结果的报告、传播和应用。先前的CRISP研究,探索了在该领域改善研究内容报告的可能性。工作组通过对国际化、跨学科和跨专业的基本医疗(初级保健)社区的调查,确定了基本医疗(初级保健)研究报告中需要包含的基本条目。工作组开展了一项包含两轮德尔菲的研究,对必要的条目达成了共识,并汇总成清单。CRISP清单包含24个条目,涵盖了基本医疗(初级保健)研究报告中的研究团队、患者、研究参与者、健康状况、临床接触、护理团队、干预、研究测量、照护环境,以及研究结果的实施等方面。并非全部条目都适用于每种研究设计或主题。CRISP指南为设计和报告以下三类研究提供了参考信息:(1)基本医疗(初级保健)研究人员开展的研究,(2)其他研究人员在基本医疗(初级保健)人群和环境中开展的研究,(3)旨在应用于基本医疗(初级保健)实践中的研究,从而改进对临床服务和研究过程背景的报告。这对于解释研究结果并将其应用于基本医疗(初级保健)的不同人群和环境至关重要。

Measuring Societal Impact Is as Complex as ABC

Purpose: This paper describes an alternative way of assessing journals considering a broader perspective of its impact. The Area-based connectedness(ABC) to society of journals applied here contributes to the assessment of the dissemination task of journals but with more data it may also contribute to the assessment of other missions.Design/methodology/approach: The ABC approach assesses the performance of research actors, in this case journals, considering the characteristics of the research areas in which they are active. Each paper in a journal inherits the characteristics of its area. These areas are defined by a publication-based classification. The characteristics of areas relate to 5 dimensions of connectedness to society(news, policy, industrial R&D, technology and local interest) and are calculated by bibliometric indicators and social media metrics. Findings: In the paper, I illustrate the approach by showing the results for a few journals. They illustrate the diverse profiles that journals may have. We are able to provide a profile for each journal in the Web of Science database. The profiles we present show an appropriate view on the journals’ societal connectedness.Research limitations: The classification I apply to perform the analyses is a CWTS in house classification based on Web of Science data. As such the application depends on the(updates of) that system. The classification is available at www.leidenranking.com.Practical implications: The dimensions of connectedness discussed in this paper relate to the dissemination task of journals but further development of this method may provide more options to monitor the tasks/mission of journals. Originality/value: The ABC approach is a unique way to assess performance or impact of research actors considering the characteristics of the areas in which output is published and as such less prone to manipulation or gaming.

A new technology for hard-rock tunneling based on drilling and hydraulic impact breaking

In order to realize the safety, high efficiency and rapidity of hard rock tunneling, we propose the drilling &hydraulic impact hard-rock tunneling(DHIHT) technology and method. Based on the LS-DYNA explicit module and APDL programming, the key parameters of DHIHT, including drilling spacing and drilling radius, were investigated. The simulation results show that: the drilling spacing should not exceed0.20 m-larger distances weaken the actual breaking effect; the best drilling radius is about 0.035 m, larger or smaller distances would both decrease the effect of drilling-hole free surfaces. The field impact breaking experiments were conducted in Baitaizi township granite quarry, Jinzhou, Liaoning province,China. The experiment results indicate that DHIHT is a feasible method for hard-rock tunneling, but its efficiency still needs to be further optimized and improved.

Google Scholar University Ranking Algorithm to Evaluate the Quality of Institutional Research

Education quality has undoubtedly become an important local and international benchmark for education,and an institute’s ranking is assessed based on the quality of education,research projects,theses,and dissertations,which has always been controversial.Hence,this research paper is influenced by the institutes ranking all over the world.The data of institutes are obtained through Google Scholar(GS),as input to investigate the United Kingdom’s Research Excellence Framework(UK-REF)process.For this purpose,the current research used a Bespoke Program to evaluate the institutes’ranking based on their source.The bespoke program requires changes to improve the results by addressing these methodological issues:Firstly,Redundant profiles,which increased their citation and rank to produce false results.Secondly,the exclusion of theses and dissertation documents to retrieve the actual publications to count for citations.Thirdly,the elimination of falsely owned articles from scholars’profiles.To accomplish this task,the experimental design referred to collecting data from 120 UK-REF institutes and GS for the present year to enhance its correlation analysis in this new evaluation.The data extracted from GS is processed into structured data,and afterward,it is utilized to generate statistical computations of citations’analysis that contribute to the ranking based on their citations.The research promoted the predictive approach of correlational research.Furthermore,experimental evaluation reported encouraging results in comparison to the previous modi-fication made by the proposed taxonomy.This paper discussed the limitations of the current evaluation and suggested the potential paths to improve the research impact algorithm.

New Index for Quantifying an Individual＇s Scientific Research Output

Classifying researchers＇ work according to the quality of their publications rather than the quantity of their publications is an important issue. To this end we introduce a new measure, the ＂percentage range＂ or A-index, which provides a qualitative evaluation of a researchers＇ productivity. The percentage range depends to a great extent on the number of single-author published papers and their citations. It is to be a new index to be considered along with the h-index. The combined factors have the advantage of making clearer the innovation of the individual authors. The resultant percentage range gives a reduced impact on its numerical value for authors who gain citations by adding their names on multi-author papers. It is shown that various dimensions of ethical integrity and originality are clarified by the new index. The important scenarios arising from this analysis are demonstrated with examples, The great differences between the new percentage range and old h-index come from the percentage range＇s emphasis on considering the whole work of an author, including the significance of the author＇s single-author papers as opposed to multiple-author contributions. This emphasis is demonstrated.

Research on the Influences of the Invisible Environment of Language Laboratories on the Practical Teaching Based on the Network

There is a close relationship between the environmental factors and the human learning.The language laboratory is an important place for the foreign language learning.Building a good learning and practice environment of language laboratories plays an important role in the foreign language teaching.Learning can never take place in a vacuum.It always takes place in a variety of environments.Some of these environments may be more conducive to the development of the cognitive,emotional and social skills than others.

开放科学环境下负责任评价实现路径研究

开放科学的发展正在改变学术交流生态,同时对传统科研评价产生挑战,对于科研评价创新的呼声也日益高涨。负责任评价(RRA)应时而生并成为开放科学政策框架的重要组成部分,而如何实现RRA成为关键问题。本文解析开放科学环境下的RRA内涵,总结国内外相关理论与实践进展,在此基础上尝试探索RRA的实现路径,以期为“破四唯”指导下的我国科研评价提供借鉴与参考。以典型内容文本为数据源,通过关键词提取和共现分析得出结论,即以研究质量和影响力为主维度,以知情同行评议为主基调,构成国际RRA改革的主要思路。在分析开放科学背景下我国学术交流新业态与RRA的基础上,提出我国RRA的三层结构框架。其中以识别科研新范式为情境,以改善宏观政策为支撑,以改革评价方式为实操,以评价主体多元化、评价内容多维化、评价对象精准化、评价方法循证化为路径,建立有利于潜心研究和创新的我国科研评价制度,并回答科研评价改革的必答题:“谁来评”“评什么”“如何评”“怎么用”。研究认为,建立质量意识、培育“影响素养”、达成评价系统变革的国际共识,从而提高RRA的互操作性和可移植性,避免相关理论与实践的碎片化是保证RRA顺利实施的关键;将负责任评价理念与实现路径本土化,营造有利于开放科学发展的学术交流环境,将成为我国图书情报工作的新使命。

“双一流”大学教师国际学术影响力研究——结构、评价指标及影响因素

构建大学教师国际学术影响力的三维评价指标和量表,对中国37所“双一流”大学教师进行了国际学术影响力抽样调查和测评。通过结构方程模型方法,拟合验证了所构建的大学教师国际学术影响力的三维结构,即国际人才培养、国际科学研究和国际社会服务。研究结果表明,大学教师的国际学术影响力平均水平偏低,存在较大的个体差异,同时,还会受到大学教师的学科领域、职称、访学时长、访学次数等因素的显著影响。

我国应对近地小行星撞击风险和动能撞击偏转研究的若干进展

近地小行星(NEA)撞击地球是人类长期面临的重大潜在威胁,基于监测预警和风险评估,实施在轨处置是防范化解NEA撞击风险的最佳途径。本文概述了国际近地小行星撞击风险应对的现状与发展趋势,介绍了2020年我国启动应对近地小行星撞击风险工作以来的主要进展。着重从实验、数值仿真和理论建模3个方面介绍了我国在动能撞击偏转在轨处置技术研究的若干进展,展望了我国即将实施的首次近地小行星动能撞击防御演示验证任务,提出了在轨处置体系能力与技术深化研究建议。

跨介质航行器入水流固耦合特性研究综述

本文综述了跨介质航行器入水问题的研究进展,特别关注了入水流固耦合特性、弹性体结构入水冲击以及高速入水现象。入水过程涉及复杂的流体动力学现象,包括空泡形成、冲击载荷以及与航行体动力学特性的相互作用,这些因素都对航行器的设计和性能产生重大影响。本文讨论了跨介质航行器的基本概念,其具有独特的战略应用价值。入水过程中的关键挑战包括处理巨大的冲击载荷和复杂的流体动力学特性,这要求对航行器的形状、入水速度和入水姿态进行精密控制以优化性能。针对不同形状的航行体如何影响冲击响应和空泡动态,详细介绍了通过高速摄影和传感器技术在不同条件下进行的入水试验,这些试验帮助研究学者观察并分析了入水过程中的空泡形成、流体喷射以及随后的空泡闭合等现象。随着计算技术的进步,人们开始使用仿真技术研究多相流动和航行体结构的相互作用。总之,跨介质航行器的入水研究是一个多学科交叉的研究。通过深入理解入水过程中的物理现象和力学响应,可以为未来航行器的设计和操作提供科学依据,推动海空一体化航行器技术的发展。

健康影响评估研究的现状、进展与趋势--基于CNKI的CiteSpace文献计量和可视化分析

健康影响评估(HIA)是健康城市规划和建设的重要技术支撑,文章通过对2008—2023年中国知网(CNKI)数据库中与健康影响评估相关的文献进行搜索,运用CiteSpace软件,通过聚类图谱和共现分析等方法,系统分析了中国健康影响评估的研究演进脉络、现状、热点和发展趋势,发现:(1)中国健康影响评估的研究主要关注公共健康领域,研究演进脉络可总结为从理论建构逐步转向实施路径的探讨,实证研究也同步进行,研究热度集中在2018—2021年。(2)研究学者主要来自公共卫生和城乡规划领域,跨学科研究较为少见。(3)现有研究存在理论建构不足、实施路径分析不全面、实证研究量少且不规范3点不足。针对这些问题,文章提出全面建立健康影响评估理论体系;构建全方位全过程健康影响评估实施体系;加强基础实证研究,完善指标体系。