Design of Vegetable Pot Seedling Pick‑up Mechanism with Planetary Gear Train

It has been challenging to design seedling pick-up mechanism based on given key points and trajectories,because it involves dimensional synthesis and rod length optimization.In this paper,the dimensional synthesis of seedling pickup mechanism with planetary gear train was studied based on the data of given key points and the trajectory of the endpoint of seedling pick-up mechanism.Given the positions and orientations requirements of the five key points,the study first conducted a dimensional synthesis of the linkage size and center of rotation.The next steps were to select a reasonable solution and optimize the data values based on the ideal seedling trajectory.The link motion was driven by the planetary gear train of the two-stage gear.Four pitch curves of noncircular gears were obtained by calculating and distributing the transmission ratio according to the data.For the pitch curve with two convex points,the tooth profile design method of incomplete noncircular gear was applied.The seedling pick-up mechanism was tested by a virtual prototype and a physical prototype designed with the obtained parameter values.The results were consistent with the theoretical design requirements,confirming that the mechanism meets the expected requirements for picking seedlings up.This paper presents a new design method of vegetable pot seedling pick-up mechanism for an automatic vegetable transplanter.

Bifurcation and chaos study on transverse-torsional coupled 2K-H planetary gear train with multiple clearances

A new non-linear transverse-torsional coupled model was proposed for 2K-H planetary gear train, and gear's geometric eccentricity error, comprehensive transmission error, time-varying meshing stiffness, sun-planet and planet-ring gear pair's backlashes and sun gear's bearing clearance were taken into consideration. The solution of differential governing equation of motion was solved by applying variable step-size Runge-Kutta numerical integration method. The system motion state was investigated systematically and qualitatively, and exhibited diverse characteristics of bifurcation and chaos as well as non-linear behavior under different bifurcation parameters including meshing frequency, sun-planet backlash, planet-ring backlash and sun gear's bearing clearance. Analysis results show that the increasing damping could suppress the region of chaotic motion and improve the system's stability significantly. The route of crisis to chaotic motion was observed under the bifurcation parameter of meshing frequency. However, the routes of period doubling and crisis to chaos were identified under the bifurcation parameter of sun-planet backlash; besides, several different types of routes to chaos were observed and coexisted under the bifurcation parameter of planet-ring backlash including period doubling, Hopf bifurcation, 3T-periodic channel and crisis. Additionally, planet-ring backlash generated a strong coupling effect to system's non-linear behavior while the sun gear's bearing clearance produced weak coupling effect. Finally, quasi-periodic motion could be found under all above–mentioned bifurcation parameters and closely associated with the 3T-periodic motion.

Translational - torsional coupled model based nonlinear dynamic analysis of an NGW planetary gear train

This paper aims to investigate the nonlinear dynamic behaviors of an NGW planetary gear train with multi-clearances and manufacturing/assembling errors. For this purpose, an analytical translational- torsional coupled dynamic model is developed considering the effects of time-varying stiffness, gear backlashes and component errors. Based on the proposed model, the nonlinear differential equations of motion are derived and solved iteratively by the Runge-Kutta method. An NGW planetary gear reducer with three planets is taken as an example to analyze the effects of nonlinear factors. The results indicate that the backlashes induce complicated nonlinear dynamic behaviors in the gear train. With the increment of the backlashes, the gear system has experienced periodic responses, quasi-periodic response and chaos responses in sequence. When the planetary gear system is in a chaotic motion state, the vibration amplitude increases sharply, causing severe vibration and noise. The present study provides a fundamental basis for design and parameter optimization of NGW planetary gear trains.

Design and Experiment of Non-circular Combined Gear Train Beating-up Mechanism

The most important performance of a beating-up mechanism is that the dwelling time of the sley must ensure the completion of the weft insertion. To meet this requirement, a new non-circular combined gear train beating-up mechanism which is composed of two-stage planetary gear trains is proposed. The first-stage is a Fourier planetary gear train and the second-stage is a non-circular planetary gear train. For designing of this new mechanism, the ideal kinematic equations of the sley are constructed first. Then the kinematic model of the first-stage Fourier planetary gear train is established and the reverse solution for the pitch curves of the second-stage non-circular gears is deduced. With a computer-aided design program, the influences of several important parameters on the pitch curves of the second-stage non-circular gears are analyzed, and a set of preferable structural parameters are obtained. Finally, a test bed of this mechanism is developed and the experimental results show that this new beating-up mechanism can achieve the designed dwelling time, namely it can meet the requirements of beating-up process.

Stability of motion state and bifurcation properties of planetary gear train

A nonlinear lateral-torsional coupled vibration model of a planetary gear system was established by taking transmission errors,time varying meshing stiffness and multiple gear backlashes into account.The bifurcation diagram of the system's motion state with rotational speed of sun gear was conducted through four steps.As a bifurcation parameter,the effect of rotational speed on the bifurcation properties of the system was assessed.The study results reveal that periodic motion is the main motion state of planetary gear train in low speed region when ns<2 350 r/min,but chaos motion state is dominant in high speed region when ns>2 350 r/min,The way of periodic motion to chaos is doubling bifurcation.There are two kinds of unstable modes and nine unstable regions in the speed region when 1 000 r/min<ns<3 000 r/min.

Dynamic load sharing behavior of transverse-torsional coupled planetary gear train with multiple clearances

A new nonlinear transverse-torsional coupled model with backlash and bearing clearance was proposed for planetary gear set. Meanwhile, sun gear and planet's eccentricity errors, static transmission error, and time-varying meshing stiffness were taken into consideration. The differential governing equations of motion were solved by employing variable step-size Rung-Kutta numerical integration method. The behavior of dynamic load sharing characteristics affected by the system parameters including input rate, sun gear's supporting stiffness and eccentricity error, planet's eccentricity error, sun gear's bearing clearance, backlashes of sun-planet and planet-ring meshes were investigated qualitatively and systematically. Some theoretical results are summarized at last which extend the current understanding of the dynamic load sharing behavior of planet gear train, enrich the related literature and provide references for the design of planetary gear train.

Research on Instantaneous Angular Speed Signal Separation Method for Planetary Gear Fault Diagnosis

Planetary gear train is a critical transmission component in large equipment such as helicopters and wind turbines. Conducting damage perception of planetary gear trains is of great significance for the safe operation of equipment. Existing methods for damage perception of planetary gear trains mainly rely on linear vibration analysis. However, these methods based on linear vibration signal analysis face challenges such as rich vibration sources, complex signal coupling and modulation mechanisms, significant influence of transmission paths, and difficulties in separating damage information. This paper proposes a method for separating instantaneous angular speed (IAS) signals for planetary gear fault diagnosis. Firstly, this method obtains encoder pulse signals through a built-in encoder. Based on this, it calculates the IAS signals using the Hilbert transform, and obtains the time-domain synchronous average signal of the IAS of the planetary gear through time-domain synchronous averaging technology, thus realizing the fault diagnosis of the planetary gear train. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the calculated IAS signals, demonstrating that the time-domain synchronous averaging technology can highlight impact characteristics, effectively separate and extract fault impacts, greatly reduce the testing cost of experiments, and provide an effective tool for the fault diagnosis of planetary gear trains.

Efficiency Evaluation of Continuously Variable Transmissions Including a Planetary Gear Train

With their advantages, continuously variable transmissions have gained more popularity in the last decade by their use in mechanical transmission systems. The present paper aims to analysis the efficiency of the transmission based on the mechanical efficiency of the planetary gear train integrated in such transmission. In this analysis, we consider the mechanical efficiency of the transmission has been determined considering how the efficiency of the CVT members changes as a function of the operating conditions. The efficiency of the planetary gear train as a function of the configuration, speeds in his three input/output shafts, and also with respect to the power flow type. Results are compared with those obtained from other methods performance evaluation of the transmission, available in the literature.

Influence of Structural Aspects on the Generation Process in Planetary Gear Trains

Structural and rotational isomorphism in planetary Gear Trains (PGTs), is tested by Hamming number method. Symmetry in PGTs can be determined from the same Hamming matrix. Bearing of the structural property like symmetry in PGTs is studied and is used to evaluate its influence on generation of PGTs.

Automatic Scallion Seedling Feeding Mechanism with an Asymmetrical High-order Transmission Gear Train

The current automatic scallion-transplanting machine is a complicated mechanism composed of two linkage mechanisms and two band carriers.It delivers seedlings ine ciently because of the movement limitations of the linkage mechanism.This paper proposes a new high-order non-circular gear train for an automatic scallion-seedling feeding mechanism.The proposed gear train has an asymmetrical transmission ratio;i.e.,its transmission ratio varies.This allows the mechanism’s execution component to move in a long displacement and rotate in a large rotation angle.The long displacement enables the execution component to reach the designed working position,and the large rotation angle allows it to feed a scallion in the required pose.A mathematical model for calculating the asymmetrical transmission ratio was established according to the closure requirements and the full-cycle motion of the driven gear pitch curve.Then,the parameter-design model of the new seedling-feeding mechanism was established,based on precise pose points and trajectory-shape control points.Moreover,an aided-design program was developed to obtain the parameter-solution domain of the scallion-seedling feeding mechanism.The mechanism parameters,which met the seedling-feeding function,were optimized to determine the transmission ratio,using a program and a kinematic simulation.Finally,a prototype of the mechanism was produced,and a seedling-feeding experiment was carried out.One-thousand seedlings were tested at a rate of 100 seedlings per minute,and the statistical success rate was 93.4%.Thus,the automatic scallion-seedling feeding mechanism significantly improves the e ciency of automatically transplanting scallions.

Optimization design and test of rice plug seedling transplanting mechanism of planetary gear train with incomplete eccentric circular gear and non-circular gears

In order to solve the problem of the high-speed mechanized transplanting of rice plug seedlings,the design requirements of transplanting mechanism for rice plug seedlings were analyzed and a kind of rice plug seedling transplanting mechanism of planetary gear train based on the drive with incomplete eccentric circular gear and non-circular gears was designed innovatively.The laboratory kinematics was examined.The working principle of the transplanting mechanism for rice plug seedlings was studied,kinematics analysis of the transplanting mechanism was carried out and its kinematic model was set up.A human-computer interaction optimization method was used to optimize the parameters of the transplanting mechanism.The computer aided analysis and optimization software of the transplanting mechanism based on Visual Basic 6.0 was developed.Through analyzing the influence of design variables on the optimization objectives of the transplanting mechanism,a set of parameters of the transplanting mechanism which meet the requirements of transplanting trajectory and posture for transplanting rice seedlings were obtained by means of human-computer interaction.The structure of the transplanting mechanism was designed according to this set of parameters,and its virtual prototype and physical prototype were set up and manufactured,respectively.The kinematic simulation test and high-speed photography kinematic test of the transplanting mechanism were conducted to obtain its kinematic performances,such as transplanting trajectory and posture.The results of bench test,simulation analysis and theoretical analysis were almost in agreement,which verified the correctness of the theoretical model and design results of the transplanting mechanism,indicating that the optimized transplanting mechanism can satisfy the requirements of transplanting rice seedlings and be applied in the rice plug seedling transplanter.

Research on stepless transmission utilizing noncircular gears

In view of the lack of systemic analysis for stepless transmission using noncircular gears, two basic noncircular gear units, an addition unit adopting differential mechanism and a multiplication unit applying a fixed gear train, are proposed. Then, the design methods of the noncircular gear pair of each unit, transmission ratio relationship, rotation angle relationship and key parameters with specific physical meanings are studied. The adjusting properties, composing strategy and varying range of transmission ratio etc. are investigated in detail for each unit. Following this, several examples of using a noncircular gear pair in the units and their manipulation technique are introduced.

应用滑动轴承的风电齿轮箱行星轮系动力学建模及解耦方法

在行星轮系动力学建模中,常以非线性油膜力或线性刚度-阻尼形式考虑其对系统动力学特性的影响,前者仿真精度高但计算成本也高,后者计算效率高却忽略了油膜力和轴颈-轴套偏心量的时变性,仿真精度有限。为此,以2MW级风电齿轮箱为研究对象,建立滑动轴承时变线性刚度-阻尼模型,提出计入轴颈-轴套时变偏心量的滑动轴承附加偏心修正力计算方法;利用行星架销轴-行星轮变形协调关系,将时变线性刚度-阻尼模型与附加偏心修正力进行耦合;建立应用滑动轴承的风电齿轮箱行星轮系动力学模型,对比了工况和轴承参数对模型计算精度与系统动态响应的影响,并通过试验加以验证。研究结果表明,齿轮副动态啮合力波动会使滑动轴承刚度-阻尼系数和附加偏心修正力产生周期性变化;在稳定和瞬态工况下,提出的模型可以很好地预测系统响应,尤其是行星轮振动响应;减小滑动轴承宽径比与间隙、增大输入转矩可以改善系统均载性能。

微型行星齿轮传动设计与分析

提出一种应用于某航空发动机中空气涡轮起动机的微型行星齿轮传动设计方案,对传动系统的构型进行结构设计、参数匹配;采用有限元分析软件ANSYS对其重要零部件进行强度校核,基于正交试验法对减速器结构进行优化,为微型行星减速结构在航空发动机起动机等航空产品中的推广与应用提供理论支撑。

不等速行星轮系机构混合多位姿综合方法及应用

为使不等速行星轮系机构能够实现精准取放任务,提出一种混合多位姿运动综合方法。将不等速行星轮系机构视为平面2R开链机构与非圆齿轮传动机构的组合,以理想运动轨迹上关键位姿(精确与近似)数据为约束,基于杆长不变条件建立平面2R开链机构混合多位姿运动综合模型,并利用同伦算法求解获得最优结构参数;给出了非圆齿轮传动比计算与分配方法,实现了不等速行星轮系机构的混合多位姿运动综合。将此运动综合方法应用于农业机械领域取苗机构的设计可满足蔬菜穴盘苗精准取放移栽要求,通过虚拟仿真分析、物理样机实验验证了所提方法的正确性。

基于ANSYS Workbench的行星轮系高楼逃生器动力学研究

为进一步提高行星轮系高楼逃生器的使用性能,开展了行星轮系高楼逃生器的动力学研究。首先,采用Solidworks三维软件对行星轮系进行建模;其次,采用ANSYS Workbench对模型进行仿真,分析其受力情况;然后,探讨行星轮系高楼逃生器在传动过程中的动力学、动态力矩平衡等问题;最后,根据分析结果对设备进行优化。实验结果表明,优化后设备的受力情况得到明显改善,使用性能得到大幅提升。

青菜高密度移栽机植苗机构的设计与试验

目前国内移栽机尚无成熟的适用于青菜等多行密植蔬菜移栽的植苗机构;针对小株距小行距、高效率的密植移栽要求,设计了一种非圆齿轮行星轮系八行同步植苗机构,并进行了运动学仿真和田间移栽试验。对非圆齿轮行星轮系进行了运动学建模与分析,开发了植苗机构辅助分析与优化设计软件;分析了不同机构参数对植苗轨迹姿态的影响,并通过人机交互的方式得到一组满足青菜小株距移栽要求的机构参数;建立了八行同步植苗机构的三维模型,利用虚拟样机仿真技术绘制出仿真轨迹,并与理论轨迹进行对比,以验证植苗机构三维设计的正确性;开展了田间移栽试验,以验证该机构的可行性和实用性。试验结果表明:在作业转速为15r/min、前进速度为55mm/s的情况下,八行植苗机构的作业株距和行距均为110mm,平均植苗成功率为93.9%,移栽密度超过70株/m2,试验移栽效率为240株/min,表明该机构在机械化密植移栽作业中有较高的应用价值。该研究为高密度移栽机植苗机构的研发提供了理论和试验依据,促进了密植型蔬菜钵苗机械化移栽的进程,为密植移栽机的进一步研究提供技术支持和参考。

行星轮系取栽一体化蔬菜移栽机构优化设计及试验

为简化蔬菜毯苗移栽机构、提高移栽效率,提出了一种非圆齿轮行星轮系和变形椭圆行星轮系组合的取苗挖穴一体化移栽机构,可完成蔬菜毯苗切块、取苗、送苗、挖穴、投苗的工作过程。首先,根据蔬菜毯苗的农艺要求,选取合适的移栽轨迹,设定精确位姿点,采用运动生成机构综合方法建立取苗机构运动学模型;根据取苗机构的运动轨迹要求,基于求解参数拟合优化,获得输入轴与输出轴转角关系曲线,计算非圆齿轮行星轮系总传动比和非圆齿轮节曲线参数。其次,确定挖穴机构优化目标,获得挖穴机构参数。最后,完成整套机构组合与三维模型装配,并进行仿真和样机试验。结果表明,理论轨迹、仿真轨迹和试验轨迹基本一致,幼苗移栽平均漏栽率为2%,平均倒伏率、伤苗率、埋苗率均为1.5%,均满足农艺要求,验证了机构设计方法的准确性。

齿面粗糙度对风电齿轮箱行星轮系动力学特性影响

为研究齿面粗糙度对行星轮系动力学特性的影响,提出行星轮系齿轮副动态承载接触分析与系统振动位移耦合方法。以某型兆瓦级风电齿轮箱行星轮系为研究对象,基于分形理论对轮齿粗糙表面进行分形表征,通过齿轮副啮合变形协调条件,构建齿面动态承载接触状态与构件振动位移、粗糙齿面啮合误差以及摩擦力的关联关系,建立风电齿轮箱行星轮系动力学模型,分析粗糙齿面啮合误差与摩擦力对系统动态特性的影响。结果表明:随着粗糙度的增大,齿面载荷峰值与波动幅值增大,动态啮合刚度幅值出现明显波动,均载性能降低;增大粗糙度会降低行星轮系临界转速,在低转速区域内,其具有激励增振作用,而在临界转速区域附近,其具有阻尼减振作用;摩擦力主要影响行星轮系各构件振动位移,可改变动态啮合力在少齿啮合区的幅值。

行星轮系力学超材料及其连续可调力学性能

针对高可靠性复杂工况需求的连续可调力学特性,分别研究基于双层行星轮系和拉式行星轮系的连续刚度可调及振动传递率可调的力学超材料;应用空间梁单元建立弯曲梁的变径向载荷下刚度连续可调理论力学模型及模态分析模型,研究基于行星轮系的超材料刚度连续可调理论及模态振型特点,为基于行星轮系连续刚度可调及振动传递率可调的力学超材料提供理论支撑;建立基于双层行星轮系和拉式行星轮系单胞及2×2胞的力学超材料有限元模型,分别计算分析压缩弹性模量、剪切模量和振动传递率与控制变量的作用关系。研究结果表明:基于双层行星轮系和拉式行星轮系力学超材料的压缩弹性模量和剪切模量分别具有9~15倍和1~2.5倍连续可调范围,其振动传递率亦可通过控制变量进行调控;理论计算和仿真分析结果一致性较好。