Research on the Legal Framework of Content Regulations for Network Platforms

In the era of the Internet,various network platforms have evolved into new hubs for information dissemination.Currently,China has established a platform-centered content regulation framework,wherein platforms proactively enforce content regulations in accordance with legal censorship obligations.Additionally,platform policies and user agreements augment their authority in content regulation.The platforms can achieve cost-effective and highly efficient content regulation by leveraging their strategic advantages enabled by their own technical capabilities and extensive coverage.The platform self-regulation model,however,still faces challenges.First,accurately evaluating content remains a formidable task;second,ensuring effective platform publicity through self-regulation poses difficulties;third,users may potentially face disadvantages due to the platform’s right of self-regulation;and fourth,digital copyright owners face challenges when defending digital copyright disputes under the safe harbor rule.Therefore,it is imperative to establish,review,and revise the legal framework for content regulation of network platforms in order to enhance the efficiency of their governance systems.The formulation of the legal framework for content regulation of network platforms may encompass the following aspects:rationalizing obligations pertaining to platform content regulations,enhancing supervision over platform self-regulation,and establishing a dual-track responsibility system for digital copyright content regulation.This will ensure a harmonious balance among public interests,users’personal rights and interests,and commercial benefits through regulating the content on network platforms.

Research on Current Situation and Legal Regulation of Cosmetics Live Streaming E-commerce in China

Analyze the compatibility between cosmetics and live streaming e-commerce from its own nature,marketing means and supply chain characteristics.According to the prominent problems,sort out the relationship between all parties in the cosmetics live e-commerce industry chain.Combined with the latest regulatory policies of live streaming e-commerce and cosmetics,the responsibilities of different subjects in cosmetics live streaming e-commerce are summarized,and relevant suggestions and countermeasures are put forward for the standardization and development of live streaming e-commerce.Cosmetics brand owners are the first responsible persons for product quality.Anchors,as a mixed identity between intermediary,advertising spokesperson and operator,should bear stricter joint and several liability when recommending products related to consumers’health.If anchors fail to clearly identify themselves in the recommendation process,thus causing consumers to mistake them for the operator of the cosmetics,they should assume the obligations of the operator.

Research on Enterprise Legal Service Strategy Based on Compliance Management Optimization

With the background of enterprise compliance management,this paper discusses how to improve the level of enterprise legal service and reduce enterprise legal risks by optimizing the compliance management system.It aims to analyze the current situation and existing problems of enterprise legal services through the analysis of the importance of compliance management.Furthermore,it delves into the case of enterprise legal service strategy based on compliance management optimization to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of enterprise legal service strategy.

Legal Protection of Human Rights in the Digital Era

Xi Jinping,General Secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee said that“We should insist that everyone is equal before the law,respect and protect human rights throughout all aspects of legislation,law enforcement,ju-diciary,and law-abiding,accelerate the improvement of a legal system that reflects fairness in rights,opportunities,and rules,so as to protect citizens’personal rights,property rights,and personality rights,to guarantee citizens’basic political rights such as participating in democratic elections,democratic consultations,democratic decision-making,democratic management,and democratic supervision,and to protect citizens’rights in various aspects such as economy,culture,society,and environment,continuously enhancing the protection of human rights based on the rule of law.”

Markets in crypto‑assets regulation:Does it provide legal certainty and increase adoption of crypto‑assets?

This study discusses the European Union’s proposal for a Regulation on Markets in Crypto-Assets,now subject to formal approval by the European Parliament.The objective is to explore whether it will positively impact the adoption of crypto-assets in the financial sector.The use of crypto-assets is growing.However,some stakeholders in the financial service sector remain skeptical and hesitant to adopt assets that are yet to be defined and have an unclear legal status.This regulatory uncertainty has been identified as the primary reason for the reluctant adoption.The proposed regulation(part of the EU’s Digital Finance Strategy)aims to provide this legal certainty for currently unregulated crypto-assets.This study investigates whether or not the proposed regulation can be expected to have the intended effect by reviewing the proposed regulation itself,the opinions and reactions of the various stakeholders,and secondary literature.Findings reveal that such regulation will most likely not accelerate the adoption of crypto-assets in the EU financial services sector,at least not sufficiently or as intended.Some suggestions are made to improve the proposal.

Impact of Mandatory Provisions on the Validity of Juristic Acts: A Path for Legal Policy Analysis

Contrary to the approach in judicial practice,Paragraph 1,Article 153,of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China,as a rule of invalidity for violating mandatory provisions,does not adopt a dichotomy towards mandatory provisions with effectiveness and administrative characteristics,yet it maintains the legislative philosophy of differentiation.It leaves unspecified whether mandatory provisions that do not explicitly render a juristic act invalid impact the act’s validity,entrusting this determination to the discretion of judges on a case-by-case basis.When judges,under the authority of Paragraph 1,Article 153 of the Civil Code,explore the normative intent of mandatory provisions to assess their effect on the validity of juristic acts,they should engage in legal policy analysis centered on consequence-based argumentation to overcome the limitations of norm typological analysis.This analysis employs a reasoning model predicated on the normative purpose,utilizing a consequencefocused interpretative approach for formulating and arguing propositions of rules applicable to pending cases,thereby arriving at case-specific conclusions.Since the invalidation of juristic acts serves as an auxiliary regulatory tool for the state economy and society,a consequence-oriented interpretation needs to be based on the idea of mutual instrumentalization of public and private laws.This entails predicting the outcomes of negating the validity of a juristic act in industrial regulatory scenarios and assessing these outcomes within the framework of public and private regulatory instruments.

Construction of Legal System of China's Farmland Protection under the Coexistence of Multiple Objectives:Historical Logic,Practical Problems and Optimization Paths

[Objectives]To explore the evolution of the legal system of farmland protection and explore the rules and characteristics of policy development based on the theory and logic of institutional change since China's reform and opening up,reveal the problems and deep-seated reasons of its legislation,clarify the direction of farmland protection in the new period,and solve the"non-agricultural""non-grain"and ecological problems of farmland.[Methods]Literature analysis and inductive deduction methods were used.[Results]The evolution of the farmland protection legal system has gone through the process of"national consciousness-policy guidelines-institutional system",the change from"single subject to multiple subjects";change from the use of"one-way administrative means to coordinated use of administrative,economic and technical means".The practical problems of the farmland protection legal system are mainly due to the insufficient systematization of the farmland protection legal system itself,the generalization of quantity protection,the transformation of quality protection,and the absence of ecological protection.[Conclusions]It is recommended to improve the existing farmland protection legal system from the establishment of the Farmland Protection Law,the improvement of the farmland protection public participation mechanism and supervision mechanism,the establishment of the farmland quality construction and improvement system,the differentiated farmland occupation and supplementation balance system,and the ecological restoration system.

个性化推荐算法的法律风险规制

信息爆发增长催生了个性化推荐算法技术的兴起。个性化推荐算法在解决信息过载和长尾问题、满足用户个性化需求、提高互联网信息服务效率的同时,也引发了用户意思自治受限、隐私泄露、信息茧房、算法歧视等诸多法律风险,亟需法律作出必要的回应。为此,应当在诚信原则、自主原则、公正原则、比例原则的指导下,树立开放的隐私保护观,强化算法告知义务与用户拒绝权利,完善算法解释权,构建算法审计制度,以降低个性化推荐算法所带来的法律风险。

具体犯罪保护法益的确定方法

在基本犯与加重犯的保护法益不同的情形下,应当分别确定基本犯与加重犯的保护法益。如果拟制罪名与基本罪名的构成要件不同,就不应按罪名确定保护法益,而应分别确定拟制罪名与基本罪名的保护法益。阻挡层法益与背后层法益是就不同犯罪或者基本犯与加重犯的关系而言,并不是任何具体犯罪的保护法益都包含阻挡层法益与背后层法益。应当根据法益主体与被害人同意或承诺的有效性等要素区分个人法益与公共法益,不应当在对个人法益的犯罪中随意添加公共法益内容,也不宜随意在对公共法益的犯罪中任意添加个人法益内容。此外,需要区分具体犯罪的保护法益与阻却违法性的优越利益,不应将阻却违法性的优越利益当作相关犯罪的保护法益。

Improvement of the Legal System for Addressing the Issue of Elderly Care in China in the Context of Population Aging

Rapid population aging is a social reality facing China at present,and the issue of elderly care has become a hot topic of social concern.Legislation to address the issue of elderly care in the context of population aging should follow systematic concepts to achieve“vertical and horizontal integration.”In terms of content,it is necessary to formulate specific legal approaches around“the elderly and children,”with a focus on guaranteeing the livelihood and protection of the rights of the elderly while taking into account childbirth,employment and other issues.the laws should not only safeguard the social participation and labor rights of the elderly,but also effectively respond to the social challenges brought about by the aging of the population.It is also necessary to optimize the family planning policy to ease the burden of child-raising,improve the population structure and promote the long-term balanced development of the population,thus fundamentally solving the problem of population aging.the effort to improve the legal system to deal with the issue of elderly care in the context of population aging will better advance Chinese modernization.

Exploring euthanasia in Malta: an intersectional analysis of medical, legal, and ethical perspectives

This paper provides a comprehensive examination of euthanasia from various perspectives,including medical,legal,religious,philosophical,and moral.The study also explores the public perceptions and trends in Malta.The medical perspective analyses the benefits and risks of euthanasia and its impact on the healthcare system.The legal perspective discusses the legality of euthanasia in Malta and the potential legal implications of legalizing the practice.The religious perspective explores the beliefs of various religious groups in Malta,particularly Catholicism,on euthanasia.The philosophical perspective discusses the ethical and moral considerations of euthanasia.The paper also analyses the results of surveys conducted in Malta,examining the public’s attitudes towards euthanasia.Overall,the study provides a thorough analysis of euthanasia from various angles,shedding light on the complex and controversial nature of the topic.

An Empirical Study on the Differences between Overt Translation and Covert Translation in Legal

Currently,it is key to convey precise meanings to readers for translators.Observing expressing habits between different languages is the precondition to make target texts more readable.It is crucial to ensure the exactness and seriousness of legal texts,but it does not mean that translators have to take machined way to leave out and even give up transmitting in-deep cultural implications for the intention of achieving the all-inclusive integrity of target content.It is a correct choice for translators to take overt translation and covert translation in line with traits of source language and target language and differences between civil law system and common law system.The intention of the article is to make an empirical study between overt translation and covert translation.

人工智能司法应用法律风险及法治应对

2022年11月底,OpenAI发布ChatGPT;2024年2月16日,OpenAI又发布了Sora,呼啸而过的科技带来的是一个新时代。人工智能的司法应用在辅助机制方面确有实际效用,但也引发了算法不透明、决策权重配置、裁判规则僵化、对司法权威的损害等诸多司法实践难题。法律风险需要法治应对:首先,数据隐私和安全需建立严格保护机制;其次,人工智能决策可能不透明和不公正,需要可解释性和透明性技术确保公正;再次,人工智能可能存在歧视和偏见问题,需要数据治理和审查减少影响;最后,人工智能应用可能挑战司法程序的公正和人权保护,需通过法律和伦理规范解决。应当坚持司法主体责任,允许实验性设置决策权重,保持制衡并强化人机交互决策制度在人工智能司法中的体系定位,力求扩大和完善人工智能司法应用的制度功能与法律规范供给。

ChatGPT的法律人格认定与生成内容性质探讨

随着ChatGPT的广泛运用,关于人工智能的法律问题探讨再次成为舆论焦点。根据ChatGPT系统与人类互动生成相应文字内容的特性,ChatGPT生成内容是否受《著作权法》保护问题备受争议。探讨该问题,有两个不可或缺的前提要件,即ChatGPT是否具有法律人格及其生成内容能否被认定为作品,以此确定其是否应受《著作权法》保护。文本认为,ChatGPT尚不具备法律主体资格,在ChatGPT生成内容被认定为作品对其进行保护时,应明确ChatGPT使用者作为生成内容的著作权主体,通过加强对ChatGPT著作权主体的监管实现对其生成内容的规制,以此加快推进人工智能法治化进程。

海洋渔业捕捞法律问题研究

海洋渔业捕捞事关海洋自然生态系统平衡和国家粮食安全。当前我国海洋渔业捕捞产业发展迅速,市场前景广阔,但仍面临一些问题亟待解决。文章分析了我国海洋渔业捕捞及相关法律发展现状,针对捕捞许可证制度存在缺陷,限额捕捞制度可操作性不强,“一刀切”伏季休渔制度缺乏科学性等系列问题,提出了发展建议:①完善捕捞许可证制度的限制管理措施,强化监管力度,提高准入门槛;②增加具有可操作性的限额捕捞法律规定,建立海洋渔业总可捕捞量数据库,建立相应的政府财政补贴制度;③借鉴加拿大、美国等海洋渔业发达国家先进经验完善伏季休渔制度。

系统重要性金融科技公司的法律规制

随着金融科技的加速应用,金融科技的系统性风险已成为监管重点。金融科技巨头以关键技术服务商、金融基础设施和互联网金融控股集团等样态深度参与金融活动,在规模性、复杂性、可替代性和关联性等方面开始具备系统重要性特征,成为金融科技时代的“大而不能倒”。有必要参考系统重要性金融机构的监管经验,并结合金融科技公司系统性风险的生成机理,对系统重要性金融科技公司予以特殊规制。在有效识别系统重要性金融科技公司的基础上,整合金融监管、数据治理、网络安全和市场竞争等四大规制场域,建立以协调性为目标的监管体制、以可靠性为目标的审慎监管体系、以可承受性为目标的风险处置机制,构建系统重要性金融科技公司的监管框架和规制方案,有效防范其运行失灵给金融稳定带来的冲击。

习近平法治思想中的“中华法系”概念

中华法系萌生发展于中华大地,为千百年来国家治理与社会运行作出了重要贡献。但作为一个法学概念,“中华法系”发端于19世纪末传入中国的“法族”概念,其内涵在中华民族艰辛探索法治道路过程中经历了长期建构与重构。法系与法律系统、法律体系,法律、道德及其相互关系,发展方向、未来命运及其决定因素是“中华法系”概念演进过程中形成的基本论题,最终表达的是中国法治的过去和未来如何在法治实践中获得存在的意义。“中华法系”概念百余年演进历程中围绕基本论题展开的讨论,表征着概念本身所具有的民族性、实践性与时代性。习近平总书记全面回顾了“中华法系”概念的演进历程与基本论题,深刻揭示了其丰富的制度内涵、思想内涵与文明内涵,并赋予其新的时代意义。习近平法治思想中的“中华法系”概念具有鲜明的主体性、范式性、引领性,是具有标识意义的重要概念。

关于破产保护法律制度的若干思考

破产保护法律制度中存在的理念认识问题,导致对破产法律保护制度的功能和作用产生误解。必须清晰认识到破产保护法律制度对社会主义市场经济建设的重要性。建立和完善破产保护法律制度,可以补齐当前我国社会主义市场经济制度的短板,可以为市场在资源配置中发挥决定性作用搭建工作平台,可以通过挽救危困企业和其他市场主体,稳住我国当前经济发展的基本盘,推动我国经济高质量健康发展。因此,要贯彻落实习近平法治思想,建立和完善我国个人破产保护法律制度、非法人组织破产保护法律制度、管理人制度、府院联动协调制度、执行与破产协调制度等破产保护法律制度体系,加强破产保护法律文化建设,发挥破产制度的功效。

新时代推进高等教育高质量发展的法治化路径探析

党的二十大报告提出,高质量发展是新时代改革发展的新目标,也是中国教育现代化建设的新方向。要实现高等教育高质量发展,必须坚持党的全面领导,加强高等教育法治化建设,着重厘清政府、高校、社会三大主体的权责和相互权责关系,实现高教治理主体的多元形态、系统完备的法律制度体系、有效合理的协同治理结构,落实依法治教方针。推进高等教育法治化进程,需要正视面临的新问题,深化高等教育体制改革,最大程度激发高校自主办学的主动性与创新性,为实现高等教育高质量发展提供理想环境条件。

论人工智能透明度原则的法治化实现

随人工智能应用范围不断扩大,透明度原则成为破解“算法黑箱”难题的钥匙。透明度原则包括形式透明和实质透明。形式透明是对人工智能基础信息的披露,使人工智能的部署使用处于非秘密状态。实质透明与人工智能的可解释性息息相关,强调对披露信息以可被理解的方式进行有意义解释,从而打破知识壁垒,使相关信息实现真正可知。透明度原则应在法治化实现上进行精细考量:在考虑现有技术条件的基础上,有必要根据监管机关和社会公众的能力不同有区别地对披露和解释的信息内容提出义务要求,并针对不同人工智能的风险程度采取分级分类分场景的执行标准,从保护用户与公众知情权行使、确保国家监管权落实两方面推动透明度原则实现。