Removal of jamming using independent component analysis in non-cooperative passive detection system

Due to electronic jamming transmitted by hostile electronic jamming equipments and unintentional jamming from other illuminating sources in the complex electromagnetic environment,the performance of non-cooperative passive detection systems may degrade it significantly.To solve the problem,a receiving frame with multiple channels for signal preprocessing is designed and a theoretical analysis to the received signals in the complex electromagnetic environment is provided.Furthermore,a scheme for jamming removal using independent component analysis is proposed.Simulation results demonstrate the proposed scheme appears as a very appealing solution for removal of jamming and an approximate 10 dB signal to distortion ratio over traditional schemes is obtained.

Target detection using CDMA based passive bistatic radar

Recently, the code division multiple access （CDMA） waveform exists in the large area across the world. However, when using the CDMA system as the illuminator of opportunity for the passive bistatic radar （PBR）, there exists interference not only from the base station used as the illuminator of opportunity but also from other base stations with the same frequency. And be cause in the CDMA system, the signal transmitted by each base station is different, using the direct signal of one base station can not cancel the interference from other base stations. A CDMA based PBR using an element linear array antenna as both the reference antenna and surveillance antenna is introduced. To deal with the interference in this PBR system, an adaptive temporal cancellation algorithm is used to remove the interference from the base station used as the illuminator of opportunity firstly. And then a robust adaptive beamformer is used to suppress the interference from other base stations. Finally, the preliminary experiment re sults demonstrate the feasibility of using CDMA signals as a radar waveform.

Target detection method in passive bistatic radar

Owing to the advantages in detecting the low altitude and stealth target,passive bistatic radar(PBR)has received much attention in surveillance purposes.Due to the uncontrollable characteristic of the transmitted signal,a high level range or Doppler sidelobes may exist in the ambiguity function which will degrade the target detection performance.Mismatched filtering is a common method to deal with the ambiguity sidelobe problem.However,when mismatched filtering is applied,sidelobes cannot be eliminated completely.The residual sidelobes will cause false-alarm when the constant false alarm ratio(CFAR)is applied.To deal with this problem,a new target detection method based on preprocessing is proposed.In this new method,the ambiguity range and Doppler sidelobes are recognized and eliminated by the preprocessing method according to the prior information.CFAR is also employed to obtain the information of the target echo.Simulation results and results on real data illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Passive detection of copy-paste forgery between JPEG images

A blind digital image forensic method for detecting copy-paste forgery between JPEG images was proposed.Two copy-paste tampering scenarios were introduced at first:the tampered image was saved in an uncompressed format or in a JPEG compressed format.Then the proposed detection method was analyzed and simulated for all the cases of the two tampering scenarios.The tampered region is detected by computing the averaged sum of absolute difference(ASAD) images between the examined image and a resaved JPEG compressed image at different quality factors.The experimental results show the advantages of the proposed method:capability of detecting small and/or multiple tampered regions,simple computation,and hence fast speed in processing.

ANALYSIS OF GROUND TARGET STEALTH BASED ON PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE DETECTION

Passive Millimeter-Wave(MMW)detection has become a threat to ground targets.Toenhance the survivability of the ground target in the future battlefield,passive MMW stealth tech-nology is analyzed in this paper.Based on the passive MMW detection principle,computation andanalysis are made for the MMW apparent temperature of tank in different actual combat conditions.The necessity of the passive MMW stealth is analyzed and the passive MMW stealth methods arealso studied.

Study on the Technique of Passive Millimeter Wave Detector

In order to initiate the flight immediately when it reaches the top of the pedrail vehicle, technical parameters of radiometer have been designed and speedy effective signal processing method has been adopted. After analyzing the difference of signal characteristic between the main jam and the target, a method of identifying target in time domain is given. The target distinguishing rules are set up by extracting the magnitude, the slope and the width of the signal, combining with distinguishing the dimension of the target. The result of the theoretic analysis shows that the detecting scheme adopted can ensure the detector to identify and orientate the pedrail vehi cle＇s top armour, as well as control the detonation precisely.

Fuzzy Q learning algorithm for dual-aircraft path planning to cooperatively detect targets by passive radars

The problem of passive detection discussed in this paper involves searching and locating an aerial emitter by dualaircraft using passive radars. In order to improve the detection probability and accuracy, a fuzzy Q learning algorithrn for dual-aircraft flight path planning is proposed. The passive detection task model of the dual-aircraft is set up based on the partition of the target active radar＇s radiation area. The problem is formulated as a Markov decision process （MDP） by using the fuzzy theory to make a generalization of the state space and defining the transition functions, action space and reward function properly. Details of the path planning algorithm are presented. Simulation results indicate that the algorithm can provide adaptive strategies for dual-aircraft to control their flight paths to detect a non-maneuvering or maneu- vering target.

Model and Emulation of the System for the Passive Electrostatic Detecting People Through the Medium

The plane medium and point charge are regarded as an integral system. The static field＇s distribution situation of the point charge is studied in the medium structure of plane division layers by using mirror image method, drawing the point charge＇s calculation expression of the electric potential in every medium space. The mathematics model of passive electrostatic detecting people through the medium （regular distance between the goal point charge and the medium） is established, using MATLAB software to carry out emulation of the model and analysing the result, establishing the theoretical foundation for studying the technology of the passive static detecting people through the wall.

Simulation on the Models of Small Scale Passive Acoustic Sensor Arrays Based on Time-Delay Estimation Method

The passive acoustic localization with planar sensor array is introduced. Based on a method to eliminate the influence of effective sound velocity in passive detection, a new five-sensors solid array and its localization model are put forward. The factors that influence the precision of the localization are analyzed. Considering the errors from the factors synchronously, the simulation compares the solid array with the planar array. It can be proved that the five-sensor solid array is better than the four-sensor planar array in the estimation of bearing elements.

Design of a Non-cooperative Target Capture Mechanism

A passive compliant non-cooperative target capture mechanism is designed to maintain the non-cooperative target on-orbit. When the relative position between capture mechanism and satellite is confirmed,a pair of four-bar linkages lock the docking ring,which is used for connecting the satellite and the rocket. The mathematical model of capture mechanism and capture space is built by the Denavit-Hartenberg(D-H)method,and the torque of each joint is analyzed by the Lagrange dynamic equation. Besides,the capture condition and the torque of every joint under different capture conditions are analyzed by simulation in MSC. Adams. The results indicate that the mechanism can capture the non-cooperative target satellite in a wide range. During the process of capture,the passive compliant mechanism at the bottom can increase capture space,thereby reducing the difficulty and enhance stability of the capture.

Passive target tracking with intermittent measurement based on random finite set

In the tracking problem for the maritime radiation source by a passive sensor,there are three main difficulties,i.e.,the poor observability of the radiation source,the detection uncertainty(false and missed detections)and the uncertainty of the target appearing/disappearing in the field of view.These difficulties can make the establishment or maintenance of the radiation source target track invalid.By incorporating the elevation information of the passive sensor into the automatic bearings-only tracking(BOT)and consolidating these uncertainties under the framework of random finite set(RFS),a novel approach for tracking maritime radiation source target with intermittent measurement was proposed.Under the RFS framework,the target state was represented as a set that can take on either an empty set or a singleton; meanwhile,the measurement uncertainty was modeled as a Bernoulli random finite set.Moreover,the elevation information of the sensor platform was introduced to ensure observability of passive measurements and obtain the unique target localization.Simulation experiments verify the validity of the proposed approach for tracking maritime radiation source and demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach in comparison with the traditional integrated probabilistic data association(IPDA)method.The tracking performance under different conditions,particularly involving different existence probabilities and different appearance durations of the target,indicates that the method to solve our problem is robust and effective.

Simplified Reflection Models of Representative Ground Metal Target in Millimeter Wave Passive Surveillance

For designing camouflage of ground metal target against millimeter wave(MMW) passive detections,based on the radiation and reflection theories related to MMW passive detection and an assumption of high frequency approximation,simplified models of two kinds of ground metal targets are established.Analysis indicates that the reflection from ground is the leading factor on a ground metal target's radiant temperature.In an 8-mm imaging experiment,the uneven distribution of radiant temperatures in horizontal and vertical metal plates is directly perceived.In a radiometer experiment,two positions of a radiometer device are utilized to obtain the radiant temperatures of a horizontal metal in two different grounds(made of asphalt and metal net respectively),which are 295.41 K and 301.55 K,respectively.The experimental results are close to the analytical results calculated from the proposed simplified models,which are 306 K and 296 K,respectively.According to the simplified models,different parts of a vertical plate receive incident MMW of different angles from the asphalt background.The radiant temperature of a vertical metal plate obtained from a radiometer experiment at night is 307 K,and it is in coherent with 304.22 K,the result from calculation using the simplified model of vertical plate.Both the analytic results and the experimental results agree with the uneven distribution of radiant temperature.

面向外辐射源雷达目标探测的非时变稀疏模型和深度展开网络实现方法

近年来,基于稀疏特征提取的目标探测方法成为了雷达领域的研究热点。基于正交频分复用调制的外辐射源雷达(简称“外源雷达”)由于发射波形不受控,一方面构建的稀疏模型会随未知发射波形时变,导致相应的目标探测方法计算量大;另一方面目标回波常常因被直达波等强杂波掩盖而面临探测困难。在此背景下,利用外源雷达的正交频分复用波形特点,使用导频位置处频域信道响应提出一种非时变稀疏模型。通过将稀疏模型求解的每一次迭代过程替代为一层神经网络,首次研究了基于深度展开网络的智能化外源雷达目标探测实现方法。仿真和实测数据结果表明:所提方法与传统杂波抑制方法在目标探测上性能相近,但有着更低的计算复杂度,且无需人工设计稀疏矩阵等稀疏模型求解参数。

可重构智能表面辅助的无源波束成形和信号检测

针对基于空间调制的可重构智能表面(Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface, RIS)联合无源波束成形和信号检测系统中无源波束成形的非凸二次约束二次规划问题,提出了基于连续凸逼近(Successive Convex Approximation, SCA)和优化最小化(Majorization-Minimization, MM)的低复杂度算法。针对用户信息的双线性检测问题,提出自适应阻尼因子双线性广义近似消息传递(Bilinear Generalized Approximate Message Passing, BiG-AMP)算法,在保证误码率性能的同时算法具有更快的收敛速度与更低的复杂度。针对仅有0和1组成的可重构智能表面信息检测,提出基于广义近似消息传递(Generalized Approximate Message Passing, GAMP)算法的改进算法,在计算从检查节点到变量节点的消息时算法不使用GAMP算法中近似值,而直接计算信息。仿真结果表明,在降低误码率性能方面改进的GAMP算法比GAMP实现了4 dB的信噪比增益。

利用电化学和显色检测法分级评估316L不锈钢钝化膜完整性

针对核电和航天工程不锈钢设备服役在高温高盐海洋环境中钝化和损伤的质检评估,提出显色检测图像分析钝化膜完整性分级的方法。以不同钝化及其损伤状态的316L不锈钢为研究对象,通过显色检测的红色色度图像分析与电化学腐蚀行为检测,建立显色色度与耐蚀性的关系,并获得分级范围。结果表明,显色色度随钝化膜损伤程度增加而增大,随自钝化时间的延长而减小;二次局部损伤在直方图中具有双峰特征;色度百分比和面积百分比呈现双对数线性二阶段特征;动电位极化和阻抗表明,点蚀电位和界面反应阻抗随损伤程度的增加而减小;耐蚀性随显色色度的增加而下降;最终获得了316L不锈钢钝化膜完整性的三个色度等级范围。这可为不锈钢钝化膜质检分级评估提供理论基础。

星载海洋剖面多要素探测技术与系统研究

海洋立体结构信息是未来实现海洋透明与海洋强国的基础,针对海洋剖面探测能力不足的问题,以及星载海洋剖面多要素同源同域一体化探测空白,开展星载海洋剖面多要素探测技术与系统方案研究,提出新型激光主被动复合、能谱复用探测技术体制,面向未来星载应用,完成星载海洋剖面多要素探测载荷系统设计。其中,激光器谱段设计为486、532 nm多波长一体化最佳配比输出,光电接收探测系统选用1 m×5 m超大口径可折叠光栅主镜,经过仿真分析,探测系统可实现大洋水深100 m深度、温度、盐度以及后向散射系数等多要素同源探测能力,同等体积包络条件下,能量收集能力提升5倍。

联合多传感器的水下多目标无源声学定位

在多传感器无源声学定位问题中,不同传感器接收的来自同一目标的信号均对应于此目标位置,依据这一物理基础,提出了一种基于粒子滤波的无源声学定位方法,以有效融合多传感器数据,进而提高定位性能。该方法将粒子滤波中的似然函数定义为粒子状态所对应不同传感器信号之间互相关输出的乘积。该似然函数的设计确保所提方法可以充分获取多传感器的处理增益。此外,所提方法摆脱了传统定位范式,因此可以规避传统定位范式必须面对的测量−跟踪关联问题。湖上试验表明,在强多途干扰的条件下,传统定位方法的平均定位误差为7.2 m,而所提方法的平均定位误差为1.2 m,具有更好的性能。

综合孔径微波辐射成像技术发展现状与趋势

从综合孔径微波辐射成像技术实际需求和技术特点出发,首先简要回顾了综合孔径微波辐射成像技术的整个发展历程;然后,从地球被动微波遥感和目标被动探测两个应用领域较为全面地介绍了综合孔径微波辐射成像技术的发展现状,包括综合孔径微波辐射成像系统研制和相关重要研究进展等;最后,从高空间分辨率和多手段联合等方面总结了综合孔径微波辐射成像技术的发展趋势。随着综合孔径微波辐射成像技术的发展,其在地球被动微波遥感和目标探测领域将会得到更广泛的应用。

基于机器学习的带被动阻尼直流微电网系统的稳定性检测

直流微电网中恒功率负荷(CPL)具有负阻尼特性,该特性会降低系统稳定性。为此,通过在滤波器上添加被动阻尼来增强直流微电网系统的稳定性,并提出一种基于机器学习的方法来检测带被动阻尼直流微电网系统的稳定性。首先,建立带被动阻尼直流微电网系统的小信号模型,以此来确定影响系统稳定性的参数。其次,以所选系统参数为变量建立仿真场景,以此来获取用于机器学习算法训练的数据集。再次,提出一种基于轻量型梯度提升机(LGBM)的直流微电网稳定性检测模型,并采用沙普利加解释法(SHAP)分析所选参数对LGBM预测结果和直流微电网系统稳定性的影响。最后,通过仿真和硬件在环实验验证所提方法的有效性和优越性。

用于篡改图像检测和定位的双通道渐进式特征过滤网络

针对现有基于深度学习的篡改图像检测网络通常存在检测精度不高、算法可迁移性弱等问题,提出一种双通道渐进式特征过滤网络。利用两个通道并行提取图像的双域特征,一个通道提取图像空间域的浅层和深层特征,另一个通道提取图像噪声域的特征分布;同时,使用渐进式细微特征筛选机制过滤冗余特征,逐步定位篡改区域;为了更准确地提取篡改掩码,提出一个双输入细微特征提取模块,结合空间域和噪声域的细微特征,生成更准确的篡改掩码;在解码过程中,通过融合不同尺度的过滤特征和网络的上下文信息,提高网络对篡改区域的定位能力。实验结果表明,在检测和定位方面,与现有先进的篡改检测网络ObjectFormer、MVSS-Net(Multi-View multi-Scale Supervision Network)和PSCC-Net(Progressive Spatio-Channel Correlation Network)相比,所提网络的F1分数在CASIA V2.0数据集上分别提高10.4、5.9和12.9个百分点;面对高斯低通滤波、高斯噪声和JPEG压缩攻击时,相较于ManTra-Net(Manipulation Tracing Network)、SPAN(Spatial Pyramid Attention Network),所提网络的曲线下面积(AUC)分别至少提高了10.0、5.4个百分点。验证了所提网络可以有效解决篡改检测算法存在的检测精度不高、迁移性差等问题。