The Dihedral Angle and Intersection Processes of a Conjugate Strike-Slip Fault System in the Tarim Basin, NW China

Recent studies, focused on dihedral angles and intersection processes, have increased understandings of conjugate fault mechanisms. We present new 3-D seismic data and microstructural core analysis in a case study of a large conjugate strike-slip fault system from the intracratonic Tarim Basin, NW China. Within our study area, ＂X＂ type NE and NW trending faults occur within Cambrian- Ordovician carbonates. The dihedral angles of these conjugate faults have narrow ranges, 19~ to 62~ in the Cambrian and 26~ to 51~ in the Ordovician, and their modes are 42~ and 44~ respectively. These data are significantly different from the ~60~ predicted by the Coulomb fracture criterion. It is concluded that： （1） The dihedral angles of the conjugate faults were not controlled by confining pressure, which was low and associated with shallow burial; （2） As dihedral angles were not controlled by pressure they can be used to determine the shortening direction during faulting; （3） Sequential slip may have played an important role in forming conjugate fault intersections; （4） The conjugate fault system of the Tarim basin initiated as rhombic joints; these subsequently developed into sequentially active ＂X＂ type conjugate faults; followed by preferential development of the NW-trending faults; then reactivation of the NE trending faults. This intact rhombic conjugate fault system presents new insights into mechanisms of dihedral angle development, with particular relevance to intracratonic basins.

Mechanical analysis of the femoral neck dynamic intersection system with different nail angles and clinical applications

BACKGROUND The femoral neck dynamic intersection system(FNS)is mechanically more stable than other internal fixation techniques.Current studies have confirmed that the structural design of FNS has good biomechanical properties in European and American populations.However,whether the suitability of the FNS's 130°main nail angle design for Asian populations has been thoroughly investigated remains unclear.AIM To compare the biomechanical stability differences among different main nail angles of the FNS in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in Asian populations.METHODS Computed tomography data of the femur of healthy adult male volunteers were imported into Mimics software to create a three-dimensional model of the femur.The model was adapted to the curve using Geomagic software and imported into Solidworks software to construct the Pauwels I femoral neck fracture model and design the FNS internal fixation model using different main nail angles.Afterward,the models were assembled with the FNS fracture model and meshed using the preprocessing Hypermesh software.Subsequently,they were imported into Abaqus software to analyze and evaluate the biomechanical effects of different angles of the FNS main nail on the treatment of femoral neck fractures.RESULTS The peak displacement of the proximal femur under different angles of FNS fixation under stress was 7.446 millimeters in the 120°group and 7.416 millimeters in the 125°group;in the 130°,135°,and 140°FNS fixation groups,the peak displacement was 7.324 millimeters,8.138 millimeters,and 8.246 millimeters,respectively.In the 120°and 125°FNS fixation groups,the maximum stresses were concentrated at the main nail and the anti-rotation screw,which intersected the fracture line of the femur neck,resulting in peak stresses of 200.7 MPa and 138.8 MPa,respectively.Peak stresses of 208.8 MPa,219.8 MPa,and 239.3 MPa were observed on the angular locking plate distal to the locking screw in the 130°,135°,and 140°fixation groups.CONCLUSION FNS has significant stress distribution properties,a minimal proximal femoral displacement,and an optimal stability for treating femoral neck fractures in Asian populations when performed with a 130°main nail angle.

Experimental and numerical investigation of droplet flow mechanisms at fracture intersections

Understanding unsaturated flow behaviors in fractured rocks is essential for various applications.A fundamental process in this regard is flow splitting at fracture intersections.However,the impact of geometrical properties of fracture intersections on flow splitting is still unclear.This work investigates the combined influence of geometry(intersection angle,fracture apertures,and inclination angle),liquid droplet length,inertia,and dynamic wetting properties on liquid splitting dynamics at fracture intersections.A theoretical model of liquid splitting is developed,considering the factors mentioned above,and numerically solved to predict the flow splitting behavior.The model is validated against carefullycontrolled visualized experiments.Our results reveal two distinct splitting behaviors,separated by a critical droplet length.These behaviors shift from a monotonic to a non-monotonic trend with decreasing inclination angle.A comprehensive analysis further clarifies the impacts of the key factors on the splitting ratio,which is defined as the percentage of liquid volume entering the branch fracture.The splitting ratio decreases with increasing inclination angle,indicating a decrease in the gravitational effect on the branch fracture,which is directly proportional to the intersection angle.A non-monotonic relationship exists between the splitting ratio and the aperture ratio of the branch fracture to the main fracture.The results show that as the intersection angle decreases,the splitting ratio increases.Additionally,the influence of dynamic contact angles decreases with increasing intersection angle.These findings enhance our understanding of the impact of geometry on flow dynamics at fracture intersections.The proposed model provides a foundation for simulating and predicting unsaturated flow in complex fractured networks.

Pose Planning for the End-effector of Robot in the Welding of Intersecting Pipes

All-position robots are widely applied in the welding of complicated parts.Welding of intersecting pipes is one of the most typical tasks.The welding seam is a complicated saddle-like space curve,which puts a great challenge to the pose planning of end-effector.The special robots designed specifically for this kind of tasks are rare in China and lack sufficient theoretical research.In this paper,a systematic research on the pose planning for the end-effectors of robot in the welding of intersecting pipes is conducted. First,the intersecting curve of pipes is mathematically analyzed.The mathematical model of the most general intersecting curve of pipes is derived,and several special forms of this model in degraded situations are also discussed.A new pose planning approach of bisecting angle in main normal plane（BAMNP） for the welding-gun is proposed by using differential geometry and the comparison with the traditional bisecting angle in axial rotation plane（BAARP） method is also analytically conducted.The optimal pose of the welding-gun is to make the orientation posed at the center of the small space formed by the two cylinders and the intersecting curve to help the welding-pool run smoothly.The BAMNP method can make sure the pose vertical to the curve and center between the two cylinders at the same time,therefore its performance in welding-technique is superior to the BAARP method.By using the traditional BAARP method,the robot structure can become simpler and easier to be controlled,because one degree of freedom（DOF） of the robot can be reduced.For the special case of perpendicular intersecting,an index is constructed to evaluate the quality of welding technique in the process of welding.The effect of different combination of pipe size on this index is also discussed.On the basis of practical consideration,selection principle for BAARP and BAMNP is described.The simulations of those two methods for a serial joint-type robot are made in MATLAB,and the simulation results are consistent to the analysis.The mathematical model and the proposed new pose-planning method will lay a solid foundation for future researches on the control and design of all-position welding robots.

Analysis of dynamic features in intersecting pedestrian flows

This paper focuses on the simulation analysis of stripe formation and dynamic features of intersecting pedestrian flows.The intersecting flows consist of two streams of pedestrians and each pedestrian stream has a desired walking direction.The model adopted in the simulations is the social force model, which can reproduce the self-organization phenomena successfully. Three scenarios of different cross angles are established. The simulations confirm the empirical observations that there is a stripe formation when two streams of pedestrians intersect and the direction of the stripes is perpendicular to the sum of the directional vectors of the two streams. It can be concluded from the numerical simulation results that smaller cross angle results in higher mean speed and lower level of speed fluctuation. Moreover, the detailed pictures of pedestrians＇ moving behavior at intersections are given as well.

单轴压缩条件下单裂隙花岗岩力学特性及破坏特征

为研究含贯通单裂隙花岗岩的力学特性及破坏特征,以我国高放废物地质处置甘肃北山预选区完整花岗岩及含倾角30°、45°和60°贯通裂隙的花岗岩为研究对象,开展单轴压缩试验研究.结果表明:裂隙倾角越大,试样的单轴抗压强度、损伤应力以及弹性模量越低;与完整岩石相比,倾角30°、45°和60°裂隙花岗岩的抗压强度分别下降7.97%、29.17%和71.68%,损伤应力分别下降9.35%、24.26%和69.79%,弹性模量分别下降5.89%、23.32%和60.49%.裂隙倾角不同,试样的应力-应变曲线呈现出显著的差别;裂隙倾角越大,损伤应力至峰值应力之间的屈服阶段越明显,发生沿裂隙面滑移破坏特征越显著;裂隙倾角影响花岗岩的破坏模式,试样的破坏形式主要表现为穿裂隙面破坏(倾角30°)、穿裂隙面破坏和沿裂隙面滑移并存的复合破坏(倾角45°)以及沿裂隙面滑移破坏(倾角60°);倾角60°的裂隙花岗岩的抗压强度与试验前后裂隙面的分形维数差符合幂函数增长关系.

幼童脑干形态学与增龄发育的数字化特征

背景:既往对脑干研究多集中于成人和胎儿,而对国人幼童脑干的增龄发育特征研究甚少。目的:观测健康幼童脑干发育特征,探究其增龄差异及其与性别间的相关性。方法:2019年1月至2022年4月对内蒙古医科大学附属医院174例2-6岁幼童颅颈部3.0T MRI图像行回顾性研究,测量脑干(含中脑、脑桥、延髓)正中矢状面径线、面积和角度。结果与结论:中脑、脑桥、延髓前后径在2-5岁组,中脑、脑桥、延髓纵径和面积在2-6岁组总体随增龄呈递增趋势,除延髓纵径外均呈正相关(r>0,P<0.05),在2-3岁组、4-5岁组期间处于快速生长发育阶段,这2个年龄组可作为幼童发育重点观测指标;脑桥前后径、纵径、面积和脑干总面积与年龄相关性较强,可作为其脑干发育重点观测指标。

盾构隧道开挖对既有电缆隧道周围地层的影响研究

为了研究盾构隧道开挖对既有电缆隧道周围地层的干扰情况,以太原地铁1号线隧道工程为背景,采取数值模拟,分析了不同隧道净间距下和不同隧道相交角度下盾构隧道开挖时土体沉降变化,及不同隧道相交角度下土体最大沉降关系。研究结果表明:在地铁盾构隧道和既有电缆隧道相交角度相同条件下,随着地铁盾构隧道和既有电缆隧道净间距的增大,盾构隧道开挖时土体沉降量逐渐减小;在相同隧道相交角度条件下,随着两条隧道净间距的增大,盾构隧道开挖时土体沉降量逐渐减小,当相交角度为28°时,沉降量最大,当相交角度为84°时,沉降量最小;在盾构地铁隧道工程中,建议尽量增加两条隧道的净间距,或选择相交角度大的方位进行施工。

高铁钢箱梁跨中单临时支墩顶推施工关键技术

研究目的:顶推施工过程中,因新建线路小角度斜交既有线路,造成了跨越既有线路段临时支墩难以布置、主梁悬挑跨径大的问题,增加了施工难度,同时给施工的安全性提出了挑战。为解决该问题,本文依托于广汕高铁跨深汕西高速大桥的工程,通过Midas有限元模拟分析以及对实桥应力和位移的监测,研究了高铁钢箱梁跨中单临时支墩顶推施工关键技术。研究结论:(1)跨中无临时支墩顶推方案不满足施工要求;(2)跨中单临时支墩顶推方案顶推施工过程中主梁的应力、位移都处于安全状态,满足施工要求;(3)成桥后的线形、应力状态满足设计预期要求;(4)在路内不允许设置临时支墩的小角度斜交顶推施工中,跨中单临时支墩顶推方案可作为备选方案,本文涉及的施工及监测方法可为类似工程提供一定借鉴作用。

基于角度交会的二维坐标图像测量系统

针对基准平面障碍物检测定位问题,设计了一种采用角度交会法测量二维坐标的嵌入式图像检测系统。二维坐标测量系统采用双线法标定线阵CCD图像传感器,并采用角度交会法对被测对象进行坐标计算,从而测得未修正的二维坐标测量结果。采用控制变量法分别测量X轴和Y轴坐标,使用Matlab软件对数据进行处理,并对X轴和Y轴测量误差分别进行多项式线性拟合,进而得到坐标修正公式,修正的二维坐标误差明显变小。实验结果表明:基于角度交会的二维坐标图像测量系统能够实时、准确、快速和可靠地测量二维坐标,为基准平面障碍物二维坐标测量定位提供了一种可行的方案,具有一定的应用价值和意义。

交叉管网水力特性及优化设计

管道交汇处水流的紊动混合作用较强,水流能量损失较大,影响过流能力。采用有限体积法模拟不同工况的交汇管段水力特性,通过对交叉管网流速等水力参数的讨论揭示交叉管网的水力特性及设计参数对其的影响。结果表明,随入汇角的增大对交汇处流速的影响越来越明显,90°时达到最大。随着汇流比的增大,支流水流对干流的挤压显著,影响过流能力。该成果可为管网优化设计及管网运行管理等提供依据。

两种道路网格网模式识别方法比较研究

基于“数据密集型范式”的研究思路,设计了两种格网模式道路识别方法。一种是基于统计实验区域的道路相交角的方法,另外一种是基于统计实验区域道路网眼格网单元矩形度的方法。经过实验验证,两种方法效果均较好,且易于运用于工程实践。

公路交通指南标记对信号交叉口饱和流速的影响研究

探讨公路交通指南标记对信号交叉口饱和流速的影响。研究人员采用了调整因子模型,通过对多个交叉口的实际交通流数据进行观测和分析,对不同类型指南标记,在交叉口流速中的差异进行研究,并考虑不同转向角情境下的影响。通过对交叉口饱和流速的模拟和对比分析,研究人员得出结论:某些特定类型的指南标记对流速产生显著影响,可能导致饱和流率的提高或降低。同时,转向角度对指南标记的影响存在一定的规律,研究发现在某些角度下,指南标记对流速的调节效果更为显著。对优化信号交叉口设计、提高交叉口通行效率具有重要意义,为交通规划者提供了实用的指导,有助于合理设置公路交通指南标记,以最大程度地提升交叉口的运行效率。

主应力对巷道交岔点围岩稳定性影响研究

为研究主应力对交岔点围岩稳定性的影响,以某矿为工程背景,建立5组交岔点数值计算模型,研究了交岔点开挖前的扰动应力场偏转规律,并引入点安全系数法研究了主应力和交岔角度对交岔点围岩位移场、扰动破碎区的影响规律。研究结果表明:在交岔点开挖之前,交岔点附近围岩的主应力方向发生偏转,偏转后的应力场类型由σh型变为σv型,交岔点开挖过程中围岩受σv型应力场影响;交岔角(α≤90°)越大,交岔点越稳定;交岔角度相同时,新掘巷道轴向较靠近最大水平主应力方向的交岔点更稳定。交岔点现场实测数据验证了研究结果。

考虑应变软化的巷道交叉段稳定性分析

在两巷道的交叉段两支承压力区和顶板卸载区会发生相互叠加,因此,相对于巷道其他部位来说交叉段的围岩扰动范围会扩大,且导致变形加剧和原有支撑应力增加等不利于巷道稳定的情形出现。为分析地下采场巷道交叉段的稳定性,利用有限元数值模拟软件并考虑岩土体的应变软化特性,对5种具有代表性的交叉情形进行了数值模拟研究。研究结果表明:由于巷道交叉使得交叉几何中心附近的围岩变形进一步增加,不同的交叉角度对巷道交叉段的变形存在不同程度的影响,交叉角度越小,主巷(巷道1)锐角侧的变形越大,而且由于交叉角度的不同也使得交叉段主巷的顶板最大沉降区向锐角侧呈不同程度的偏移,交叉角度越小,偏移越为明显。从结果可以得出巷道2的变形同样也受到交叉角度的影响,从距离交叉中心4远的地方开始,交叉角度越小,巷道2的变形越大。研究成果可以为类似条件下的巷道设计和支护提供借鉴与参考。

基于交角的林木竞争指数

建立基于交角的林木竞争指数(u_a_CIi),该指数能够同时表达出竞争木对对象木的上方遮盖和侧翼挤压。该指数取值范围为[0,1),无量纲,指数值越大,表明树体越小,所承受的竞争压力越大,清晰直观地表达林木在林分中所处的相对竞争态势。从理论上阐明大的竞争邻体比小的竞争邻体对对象木有更大影响,不仅反映在上方的遮盖也体现在侧方的挤压中。该指数与林木大小的相关性明显高于常用的HEGYI竞争指数。在测量技术飞速发展的今天,该竞争指数将具有很大的应用前景。

反倾岩质边坡变形特征的三维数值模拟研究——以龙滩水电站工程边坡为例进行三维变形特征分析

以龙滩水电站工程边坡三维变形为例,分析了层状反倾岩质边坡当边坡与岩层夹角变化时,边坡的变形特征。并通过数值模拟根据变形曲线对不同范围边坡与岩层走向夹角的变形特征进行了定性描述。

火焰数控切管机割炬轨迹研究及仿真

在火焰数控切管机割炬运动分析的基础上,定义了表达割炬轨迹所需的参考面和相关参数,建立了带坡口角的管-管相贯、管-板相贯相贯线数学模型,提出了最大z坐标原则求K形接头相贯线的方法。对管-管相贯、K形接头相贯的切割实例进行了仿真分析,研究了割炬轨迹和相关参数的关系。

管端相贯线坡口切割割炬位姿控制

针对管端相贯线坡口切割过程中存在三维空间曲面加工问题,研究割炬轨迹的保证和姿态的选择是获得良好加工质量的关键.利用空间解析几何原理,建立了管-管,管-板及管-管、板相贯带坡口切割时割炬位姿控制数学模型.提出了最大Z坐标原则求管-管、板相贯线坡口切割割炬轨迹的方法.对管-管、板相贯线坡口切割实例进行了割炬位姿控制仿真分析,研究了在不同相贯段时割炬位姿和两面角、坡口角以及割炬姿态角等相关参数的数学表达式,理论研究表明在拐点处割炬姿态的转变应分多步进行,从而保证拐点处的切割质量.为管端相贯线坡口精确数控切割提供了理论基础.

基于MLE算法的海上角度交会测量方法及其精度分析

针对我国现有测量船单站REA测量体制精度相对较低的问题,提出了基于光电经纬仪的海上角度交会测量方法。介绍了角度交会测量原理和设备布站原则,构建了AE-AE异面交会测量系统,设计了基于MLE(Maximum Likelihood Estimation)算法的海上角度交会测量算法和船摇修正方法,仿真分析了船体姿态测量误差、设备测角误差以及站址定位误差等的影响。仿真结果表明,站址测量误差是海上角度交会测量的最主要误差源,船体姿态测量误差和设备测角误差对海上角度交会测量精度有一定的影响,当船体水平姿态测量误差优于20″、航向测量误差优于30″、设备测角误差优于20″、站址测量误差优于1 m时,海上角度交会测量精度可达1 m。该法解决了动态条件下的飞行目标高精度测量技术难题,为后续工程设计奠定了基础。