Investigation on Non-covalent Complexes of Cyclodextrins with Li＋ in Gas Phase by Mass Spectrometry

To investigate the non-covalent interaction between cyclodextrins （CD） and lithium ion, a stoichiometry of α-CD, β-CD, heptakis（2,6-di-O-methyl）-β-CD （DM-β-CD）, or heptakis（2,3,6-tri-O-methyl）-β-CD （TM-β-CD） was mixed with lithium salt, respectively, and then incubated at room temperature for 10 min to reach the equilibrium. In posi- tive mode, the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry （ESI-MS） results demonstrated that lithium ion can conjugate to α-, β-, DM-β- or TM-β-CD and form 1：1 stoichiometric non-covalent complexes. The binding of the complexes was further confirmed by collision- induced dissociation. The dissociation constants Kdl of four complexes （Li＋α-CD, Li＋β- CD, Li＋DM-β-CD, and Li＋TM-β-CD） were determined by mass spectrometric titration. The results showed Kdl were 18.7, 26.7, 33.6, 30.5 μmol/L for the complexes of Li＋ with α-CD, β-CD, DM-β-CD, and TM-β-CD, respectively. Kdl for the Li＋ complexes of/3-CD is smaller than that of DM-β-CD due to its steric effect of the partial substituted -CH3. The Kdl for the Li＋ complexes of DM-β-CD is nearly in agreement with that of TM-β-CD, indicating Li＋ is more likely to locate in the small rim of DM-β-CD＇s hydrophobic cavity. The DFT results showed through electrostatic interaction, one Li＋ can strongly conjugate to four neighboring oxygen atoms. For the （α-CD＋Li）＋ complex, one Li＋ may also situate the small rim of α-CD＇s hydrophobic cavity to form a non-specific host-guest complex.

Direct Observation of Non-covalent Complexes for Phosphorylated Flavonoid-protein Interaction by ESI

Diethyl flavon-7-yl phosphate was synthesized by modified Atheron-Todd reaction. The result of ESI shows that the phosphated flavonoids possess stronger binding affinities toward proteins such as myoglobin, insulin and lysozyme and are easier to form the non-covalent complexes with them.

Detection and Characterization of Non-covalent Complex between Lappaconitine and β-Cyclodextrin by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The non-covalent complexes between lappaconitine （LA） and β-cyclodextrin （β-CD） have been detected and characterized by electrospray ionization combined with ion trap tandem mass spectrometry （ESI-MSn）. The experimental results showed that only 1：1 non-covalent complex can be formed in different starting molar ratios of LA to β-CD. Furthermore, the diagnostic fragmentation of the β-CD-LA complex, with a significant contribution of covalent fragmentation of LA leaving the N-acetyl anthranoyl （AN） moiety inserted to β-CD, provided the convincing evidence for the formation of non-covalent complex between LA and β-CD and the cite of LA molecule included to cavity of β-CD assigned to AN residue.

Synthesis of Novel Phosphorylated Daidzein Derivatives and ESI Investigation on Their Non-Covalent Complexes with Lysozyme

Daidzein （7,4＇-dihydroxyisoflavone） was phosphorylated by a modified Atherton-Todd reaction. The structures of the five target product, were determined by X-ray, IR, NMR and ESI-MS. Electrospray ionization results show that in the gas phase all the phosphorylated daidzein derivatives could form non-covalent complexes with the protein lysozyme, while non-covalent complexes were not detected in the mixed solution of daidzein with lysozyme. Relative affinity of every non-covalent complex was obtained according to its different decomposition orifice voltage.

Copper complexes of anthrahydrazone bearing pyridyl side chain:Synthesis,crystal structure,anticancer activity,and DNA binding

To expand the study on the structures and biological activities of the anthracyclines anticancer drugs and reduce their toxic side effects,the new anthraquinone derivatives,9‑pyridylanthrahydrazone(9‑PAH)and 9,10‑bispyridylanthrahydrazone(9,10‑PAH)were designed and synthesized.Utilizing 9‑PAH and 9,10‑PAH as promising anticancer ligands,their respective copper complexes,namely[Cu(L1)Cl_(2)]Cl(1)and{[Cu_(4)(μ_(2)‑Cl)_(3)Cl_(4)(9,10‑PAH)_(2)(DMSO)_(2)]Cl_(2)}_(n)(2),were subsequently synthesized,where the new ligand L1 is formed by coupling two 9‑PAH ligands in the coordination reaction.The chemical and crystal structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by IR,MS,elemental analysis,and single‑crystal X‑ray diffraction.Complex 1 forms a mononuclear structure.L1 coordinates with Cu through its three N atoms,together with two Cl atoms,to form a five‑coordinated square pyramidal geometry.Complex 2 constitutes a polymeric structure,wherein each structural unit centrosymmetrically encompasses two five‑coordinated binuclear copper complexes(Cu1,Cu2)of 9,10‑PAH,with similar square pyramidal geometry.A chlorine atom(Cl_(2)),located at the symmetry center,bridges Cu1 and Cu1A to connect the two binuclear copper structures.Meanwhile,the two five‑coordinated Cu2 atoms symmetrically bridge the adjacent structural units via one coordinated Cl atom,respectively,thus forming a 1D chain‑like polymeric structure.In vitro anticancer activity assessments revealed that 1 and 2 showed significant cytotoxicity even higher than cisplatin.Specifically,the IC_(50)values of 2 against HeLa‑229 and SK‑OV‑3 cancer cell lines were determined to be(5.92±0.32)μmol·L^(-1)and(6.48±0.39)μmol·L^(-1),respectively.2 could also block the proliferation of HeLa‑229 cells in S phase and significantly induce cell apoptosis.In addition,fluorescence quenching competition experiments suggested that 2 might interact with DNA by an intercalative binding mode,offering insights into its underlying anticancer mechanism.CCDC:2388918,1;2388919,2.

Synthesis,structure,and magnetic property of a cobalt(Ⅱ)complex based on pyridyl⁃substituted imino nitroxide radical

A new cobalt(Ⅱ)-radical complex:[Co(im4-py)_(2)(PNB)_(2)](im4-py=2-(4'-pyridyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazole-1-oxyl,HPNB=p-nitrobenzoic acid)has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis,elemental analysis,IR,and magnetic properties.X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the complex exists as mononuclear molecules and Co(Ⅱ)ion is four-coordinated with two radicals and two PNB-ligands.The magnetic susceptibility study indicates the complex exhibits weak ferromagnetic interactions between cobalt(Ⅱ)and im4-py radical.The magnetic property is explained by the magnetic and structure exchange mechanism.CCDC:976028.

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Mesoproterozoic mafic granulite and amphibolite dykes from Saltora, Bankura district, Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex, eastern India: Implications for their emplacement in within-plate setting

Distinguishing high-grade mafic-ultramafic rocks originally crystallized from within-plate basaltic magmatism is challenging and crucial because the chemical composition of the igneous rocks has been modified during high-grade metamorphism,causing misidentification of the characters of the parental magma.Proterozoic metamorphosed mafic dykes occur throughout the Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex(CGC)of eastern Indian shield.The E-W trending mafic dykes from the Saltora area in the southeastern CGC underwent metamorphism in two episodes:M1(650 MPa;770℃)and M2(300 MPa;744℃).The metamafics are enriched in LILE,depleted in HFSE,and display strong fractionation of LREE,nearly flat HREE patterns in a chondrite-normalized REE diagram,and show tholeiitic differentiation trend.Their geochemical affinity is towards rift-related,continental within-plate basalts.About 7%–10%melting of the carbonated spinel-peridotite sub-continental lithospheric mantle(SCLM)produced the parental mafic magma.The pre-existing SCLM was metasomatized by slab-derived fluid during the previous subduction.The upwelling of the asthenosphere in a post-collisional tectonic setting caused E-W trending fractures,lithospheric thinning,and gravitational collapse.These dykes were emplaced during crustal extension around 1070 Ma.The remarkable geochemical similarity between the mafic dykes of Saltora and Dhanbad,the ca.1096 Ma Mahoba(Bundelkhand craton),and the ca.1070 Ma Alcurra mafic dykes in Australia supports a genetic link.

Non-covalently Functionalized Graphene Oxide-Based Coating to Enhance Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of PVA Film

The synergistic effect of conventional flame-retardant elements and graphene has received extensive attention in the development of a new class of flame retardants. Compared to covalent modification, the noncovalent strategy is simpler and expeditious and entirely preserves the original quality of graphene. Thus, non-covalently functionalized graphene oxide(FGO) with a phosphorus–nitrogen compound was successfully prepared via a one-pot process in this study. Polyethyleneimine and FGO were alternatively deposited on the surface of a poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) film via layer-by-layer assembly driven by electrostatic interaction, imparting excellent flame retardancy to the coated PVA film. The multilayer FGO-based coating formed a protective shield encapsulating the PVA matrix, effectively blocking the transfer of heat and mass during combustion. The coated PVA has a higher initial decomposition temperature of about 260 °C and a nearly 60% reduction in total heat release than neat PVA does. Our results may have a promising prospect for flame-retardant polymers.

A New Three-dimensional Supramolecular Polymer Built from Non-covalent Bonding Interactions

A new complex, [Ni2（L）4（H2O）8]（1, L1 = 4-（1H-imidazol-4-yl）benzoic acid）, has been hydrothermally prepared and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and PXRD. Complex 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/c with α = 22.281（2）, b = 7.3959（7）, c = 24.978（3） ？, β = 90.876（10）, V = 4115.6（7） ？3, Z = 8, C20H22N4O8Ni, Mr = 505.13, Dc = 1.630 g/cm3, μ = 1.001 mm-1, S = 1.080, F（000） = 2096, the final R = 0.452 and wR = 0.1152 for 9380 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. The result of X-ray diffraction analysis revealed three different kinds of Ni（II） centre mononuclear molecules in the asymmetric unit. The independent mononuclear units are bridged to form a three-dimensional supramolecular polymer by extensive hydrogen bonds and C–H… non-covalent bonding interactions.

STUDY ON THE NON-COVALENT INTERACTION OF APIGENIN MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMERS BY SPECTROMETRY

The non-covalent interaction between apigenin (API) and different functional monomers (α-methylacrylic acid (MAA), acrylamide (AM), 2-vinylpyridine (2-Vpy) and combined functional monomers (AM/2-Vpy)) was determined by UV spectrometry, and a series of apigenin molecularly imprinted polymers (API-MIPs) was synthesized with different functional monomers through molecular imprinting technology. The relationship between the non-covalent interaction of template/functional monomer and absorption of MIPs also was studied. The results showed that the order of the strength of the non-covalent interaction between API and different functional monomers in tetrahydrofuran (THF) is as follows: 2-Vpy> AM/2-Vpy>AM>MAA, which is positive correlation to the absorption capability of corresponding MIPs, and 2-Vpy is the optimum functional monomer among the used monomer for preparing API- MIPs.

Non-covalent interaction between almond protein and sinapic acid: impact on protein structure and antioxidant activity

Plant phenolic acids are good sources of antioxidants and sinapic acid(SA)is one of them that can be applied in protein-based food system.However,little research is available regarding interactions between almond protein(AP)and SA.In this study,structure-affinity interaction between SA and AP,structure and antioxidant activity of proteins were investigated.Different mathematical models showed that Ka of binding SA and AP were 3.27×10^4 L/mol and 3.08×10^4 L/mol.CD(Circular dichroism)spectroscopy and FT-IR(Fourier transform infrared)spectroscopy showed that the amount of random coil andα-helix decreased whileβ-sheet increased in AP-SA complex.In combination,the interaction model of AP-SA complex was static quenching and attributed to hydrophobic interaction.Further,AP-SA complex exerted better DPPH radical scavenging ability(36.97±0.78%),ABTS+radical scavenging ability(47.26±0.45%),and higher ORAC value(2.41±0.23 M trolox/g)compared to AP.In the further,SA can be applied in protein matrix to improve film stability,gel strength and restraining fat oxidation degradation.

Discovery of nano organo-clay complex pore-fractures in shale and its scientific significance:A case study of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation shale,Songliao Basin,NE China

A new pore type,nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fracture was first discovered based on argon ion polishing-field emission scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction by focused ion-scanning electron in combination with analysis of TOC,R_(o)values,X-ray diffraction etc.in the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation shale in the Songliao Basin,NE China.Such pore characteristics and evolution study show that:(1)Organo-clay complex pore-fractures are developed in the shale matrix and in the form of spongy and reticular aggregates.Different from circular or oval organic pores discovered in other shales,a single organo-clay complex pore is square,rectangular,rhombic or slaty,with the pore diameter generally less than 200 nm.(2)With thermal maturity increasing,the elements(C,Si,Al,O,Mg,Fe,etc.)in organo-clay complex change accordingly,showing that organic matter shrinkage due to hydrocarbon generation and clay mineral transformation both affect organo-clay complex pore-fracture formation.(3)At high thermal maturity,the Qingshankou Formation shale is dominated by nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fractures with the percentage reaching more than 70%of total pore space.The spatial connectivity of organo-clay complex pore-fractures is significantly better than that of organic pores.It is suggested that organo-complex pore-fractures are the main pore space of laminar shale at high thermal maturity and are the main oil and gas accumulation space in the core area of continental shale oil.The discovery of nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fractures changes the conventional view that inorganic pores are the main reservoir space and has scientific significance for the study of shale oil formation and accumulation laws.

Modulating vectored non-covalent interactions for layered assembly with engineerable properties

Vectored non-covalent interactions—mainly hydrogen bonding and aromatic interactions—extensively contribute to(bio)-organic self-assembling processes and significantly impact the physicochemical properties of the associated superstructures.However,vectored non-covalent interaction-driven assembly occursmainly along one-dimensional(1D)or three-dimensional(3D)directions,and a two-dimensional(2D)orientation,especially that of multilayered,graphene-like assembly,has been reported less.In this present research,by introducing amino,hydroxyl,and phenyl moieties to the triazine skeleton,supramolecular layered assembly is achieved by vectored non-covalent interactions.The planar hydrogen bonding network results in high stability,with a thermal sustainability of up to about 330°C and a Young’s modulus of up to about 40 GPa.Upon introducing wrinkles by biased hydrogen bonding or aromatic interactions to disturb the planar organization,the stability attenuates.However,the intertwined aromatic interactions prompt a red edge excitation shift effect inside the assemblies,inducing broad-spectrum fluorescence covering nearly the entire visible light region(400–650 nm).We show that bionic,superhydrophobic,pillar-like arrays with contact angles of up to about 170°can be engineered by aromatic interactions using a physical vapor deposition approach,which cannot be realized through hydrogen bonding.Our findings show the feasibility of 2D assembly with engineerable properties by modulating vectored non-covalent interactions.

Complex-rotation方法研究白矮星磁场中氢原子的光电离截面

利用Complex-rotation方法,结合混合的斯莱特-朗道扩展基集,在假设质子的质量无限大的条件下,计算了给定白矮星磁场范围氢原子的光电离截面。计算了新的三种束缚态向自由态跃迁的光电离截面,即2s_(0)→0^(-)、2_(p0)→(-1)^(-)和3d_(0)→0^(-)跃迁的光电离截面,选定磁感应强度分别为0.01、0.05、0.10和0.50 a.u.。部分计算结果与参考文献中采用绝热基展开方法和通道耦合理论的计算结果进行了比较,在远离朗道阈值的能量区域显示出极好的一致性,说明本文的计算方法和技术路线的正确性和合理性。相关计算结果有助于解释具有强磁场的天体中复杂的正能谱现象,此方案可用于系统地计算光谱建模需要的数据。

Saturation Estimation with Complex Electrical Conductivity for Hydrate-Bearing Clayey Sediments:An Experimental Study

Clays have considerable influence on the electrical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments.It is desirable to understand the electrical properties of hydrate-bearing clayey sediments and to build hydrate saturation(S_(h))models for reservoir evaluation and monitoring.The electrical properties of tetrahydrofuran-hydrate-bearing sediments with montmorillonite are characterized by complex conductivity at frequencies from 0.01 Hz to 1 kHz.The effects of clay and Sh on the complex conductivity were analyzed.A decrease and increase in electrical conductance result from the clay-swelling-induced blockage and ion migration in the electrical double layer(EDL),respectively.The quadrature conductivity increases with the clay content up to 10%because of the increased surface site density of counterions in EDL.Both the in-phase conductivity and quadrature conductivity decrease consistently with increasing Sh from 0.50 to 0.90.Three sets of models for Sh evaluation were developed.The model based on the Simandoux equation outperforms Archie’s formula,with a root-mean-square error(E_(RMS))of 1.8%and 3.9%,respectively,highlighting the clay effects on the in-phase conductivity.The fre-quency effect correlations based on in-phase and quadrature conductivities exhibit inferior performance(E_(RMS)=11.6%and 13.2%,re-spectively)due to the challenge of choosing an appropriate pair of frequencies and intrinsic uncertainties from two measurements.The second-order Cole-Cole formula can be used to fit the complex-conductivity spectra.One pair of inverted Cole-Cole parameters,i.e.,characteristic time and chargeability,is employed to predict S_(h) with an E_(RMS) of 5.05%and 9.05%,respectively.

Tuberous sclerosis complex combined with primary lymphedema:A case report

BACKGROUND Tuberous sclerosis complex(TSC)and primary lymphedema(PLE)are both rare diseases,and it is even rarer for both to occur in the same patient.In this work,we have provided a detailed description of a patient's clinical presentation,imaging findings,and treatment.And a retrospective analysis was conducted on 14 published relevant case reports.CASE SUMMARY A 16-year-old male came to our hospital for treatment due to right lower limb swelling.This swelling is already present from birth.The patient’s memory had been progressively declining.Seizures had occurred 1 year prior at an unknown frequency.The patient was diagnosed with TSC combined with PLE through multimodal imaging examination:Computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and lymphoscintigraphy.The patient underwent liposuction.The swelling of the patient's right lower limb significantly improved after surgery.Epilepsy did not occur.after taking antiepileptic drugs and sirolimus.CONCLUSION TSC with PLE is a rare and systemic disease.Imaging can detect lesions of this disease,which are important for diagnosis and treatment.

Modeling time-dependent mechanical behavior of hard rock considering excavation-induced damage and complex 3D stress states

To investigate the long-term stability of deep rocks,a three-dimensional(3D)time-dependent model that accounts for excavation-induced damage and complex stress state is developed.This model comprises three main components:a 3D viscoplastic isotropic constitutive relation that considers excavation damage and complex stress state,a quantitative relationship between critical irreversible deformation and complex stress state,and evolution characteristics of strength parameters.The proposed model is implemented in a self-developed numerical code,i.e.CASRock.The reliability of the model is validated through experiments.It is indicated that the time-dependent fracturing potential index(xTFPI)at a given time during the attenuation creep stage shows a negative correlation with the extent of excavationinduced damage.The time-dependent fracturing process of rock demonstrates a distinct interval effect of the intermediate principal stress,thereby highlighting the 3D stress-dependent characteristic of the model.Finally,the influence of excavation-induced damage and intermediate principal stress on the time-dependent fracturing characteristics of the surrounding rocks around the tunnel is discussed.

Clarifying the relationship between PM2.5 and ozone complex pollution and synoptic patterns in a typical petrochemical city in the Bohai Rim region of China:Implications for air pollution forecasting and control

Meteorological conditions are vital to PM_(2.5)and ozone(O_(3))complex pollution.Herein,the T-mode principal com-ponent analysis method was employed to objectively classify the 925-hPa geopotential height field of Dongying from 2017 to 2022.Synoptic patterns associated with four pollution types-namely,PM_(2.5)-only pollution,O_(3)-only pollution,Co-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution,Non-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution-were characterized at different time scales.The results indicated that synoptic classes conducive to PM_(2.5)-only pollution were“high-pressure top front”,“offshore high-pressure rear”,and“high-pressure inside”,while those conducive to O_(3)-only pollution were“offshore high-pressure rear”,“subtropical high”,and“high and low systems”.The Co-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution were influenced by high pressure,and the Non-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution were linked to precipitation and strong northerly winds.The variation in dominant synoptic patterns is crucial in the frequency changes of the four pollution types,which was further validated through the analysis of typical cases.Under the favorable meteorological conditions of high-pressure control with strong northerly winds or a subtropical high and inverted trough both with strong precipitation,there is potential to achieve coordinated control of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)in Dongying.Additionally,measures like artificially manipulating local humidity could be adopted to alleviate pollution levels.This study reveals the importance of comprehending the meteorological factors contributing to the formation of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)complex pollution for the improvement of urban air quality in the Bohai Rim region of China when emissions are high and the concentration of air pollutants exhibits high meteorological sensitivity.

MicroRNA-451 from Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Inhibits Alveolar Macrophage Autophagy via Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway to Attenuate Burn-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats

Objective Our previous studies established that microRNA(miR)-451 from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(hUC-MSC-Exos)alleviates acute lung injury(ALI).This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos reduces ALI by modulating macrophage autophagy.Methods Exosomes were isolated from hUC-MSCs.Severe burn-induced ALI rat models were treated with hUC-MSC-Exos carrying the miR-451 inhibitor.Hematoxylin-eosin staining evaluated inflammatory injury.Enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay measured lipopolysaccharide(LPS),tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1βlevels.qRT-PCR detected miR-451 and tuberous sclerosis complex 1(TSC1)expressions.The regulatory role of miR-451 on TSC1 was determined using a dual-luciferase reporter system.Western blotting determined TSC1 and proteins related to the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway and autophagy.Immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to examine exosomes phagocytosis in alveolar macrophages and autophagy level.Results hUC-MSC-Exos with miR-451 inhibitor reduced burn-induced ALI and promoted macrophage autophagy.MiR-451 could be transferred from hUC-MSCs to alveolar macrophages via exosomes and directly targeted TSC1.Inhibiting miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos elevated TSC1 expression and inactivated the mTOR pathway in alveolar macrophages.Silencing TSC1 activated mTOR signaling and inhibited autophagy,while TSC1 knockdown reversed the autophagy from the miR-451 inhibitor-induced.Conclusion miR-451 from hUC-MSC exosomes improves ALI by suppressing alveolar macrophage autophagy through modulation of the TSC1/mTOR pathway,providing a potential therapeutic strategy for ALI.

A novel complex-high-order graph convolutional network paradigm:ChyGCN

In recent years,there has been a growing interest in graph convolutional networks(GCN).However,existing GCN and variants are predominantly based on simple graph or hypergraph structures,which restricts their ability to handle complex data correlations in practical applications.These limitations stem from the difficulty in establishing multiple hierarchies and acquiring adaptive weights for each of them.To address this issue,this paper introduces the latest concept of complex hypergraphs and constructs a versatile high-order multi-level data correlation model.This model is realized by establishing a three-tier structure of complexes-hypergraphs-vertices.Specifically,we start by establishing hyperedge clusters on a foundational network,utilizing a second-order hypergraph structure to depict potential correlations.For this second-order structure,truncation methods are used to assess and generate a three-layer composite structure.During the construction of the composite structure,an adaptive learning strategy is implemented to merge correlations across different levels.We evaluate this model on several popular datasets and compare it with recent state-of-the-art methods.The comprehensive assessment results demonstrate that the proposed model surpasses the existing methods,particularly in modeling implicit data correlations(the classification accuracy of nodes on five public datasets Cora,Citeseer,Pubmed,Github Web ML,and Facebook are 86.1±0.33,79.2±0.35,83.1±0.46,83.8±0.23,and 80.1±0.37,respectively).This indicates that our approach possesses advantages in handling datasets with implicit multi-level structures.