Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipes used in hot water supply are required for high mechanical strength and high creep resistance at high temperature. Especially PEX-a pipes which are made by peroxide cross-linking h...Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipes used in hot water supply are required for high mechanical strength and high creep resistance at high temperature. Especially PEX-a pipes which are made by peroxide cross-linking have better performance, such as creep resistance and thermal shock resistance than the pipes made by the other cross-linking method. Because the PEX-a pipes indicate the higher cross-link degree as compared with the other PEX pipes. In this study, the PEX-a pipes which were mixed with several stabilizers were tested to evaluate the effects on cross-link degree and the oxygen induction time. And also they are evaluated with the chlorine aqueous solution by the performance of the long-term hydrostatic pressure test and the long-term hydro dynamic pressure test. As a result, it was found that the combination of antioxidants for PEX-a pipes plays an important role to prolong the oxygen induction time without inhibiting the cross-linking. From the results of the 1H pulsed NMR measurement over the melting point of polyethylene, it was found that each peroxide PEX pipe with different antioxidant combinations indicated the different proportion and crosslink density of cross-linked region, in addition, that these pipes had the effective structure of cross-linking for the hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressure test with the chlorine aqueous solution. Therefore, it was considered to be useful results for studies of the stricture of cross-linking of polyethylene.展开更多
The thick insulation layer of 110 kV XLPE power cables will result in the gradient changing morphology with the radius due to crosslinking process and cooling of the XLPE insulation. In this paper, the morphology of c...The thick insulation layer of 110 kV XLPE power cables will result in the gradient changing morphology with the radius due to crosslinking process and cooling of the XLPE insulation. In this paper, the morphology of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation of 110 kV cable and the uniforming effect of the heating process on it are researched by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction(WAXD). The middle layer morphology structures of insulation produced by normal technology are of better uniform, while the crystallinity of the inner and outer layer of the insulation is lower than that of the middle one. The melting enthalpy ΔH_m of materials displays the difference of the crystal morphologies sensitively. The difference of crystallizing morphology in different layers of the high-voltage power cable insulation can be improved by heating process. But the uniforming of morphology of the insulation by heating process requires sufficient temperature and time. The effect of the on-line stress-relaxation equipment used widely by cable works now should be doubted. The test results of WAXD reveal that thermal stress changes the interplanar distances in the crystal region. So the radical stress in the insulation is tensile mainly.展开更多
Clinical two-dimensional linear wear rate data for acetabular cup liners fabricated using approved brands of highly cross-linked ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene, as reported in 39 articles in the literature, ...Clinical two-dimensional linear wear rate data for acetabular cup liners fabricated using approved brands of highly cross-linked ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene, as reported in 39 articles in the literature, were analyzed using a statistical technique called response surface methodology. The output was a series comprising16 acceptable combinations of femoral head diameter (HD), femoral head material (HM), and HXLPE brand (PB), each of which would yield the optimum wear rate (herein taken to be a wear rate of practically zero). An example of such a combination is 28- mm-diameter Oxinium? femoral head articulated against an acetabular cup liner fabricated from ReflectionTM HXLPE. The findings in this work may guide an orthopaedic surgeon’s selection of the combination of HD, HM, and PB to use in a primary total hip joint replacement.展开更多
文摘Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipes used in hot water supply are required for high mechanical strength and high creep resistance at high temperature. Especially PEX-a pipes which are made by peroxide cross-linking have better performance, such as creep resistance and thermal shock resistance than the pipes made by the other cross-linking method. Because the PEX-a pipes indicate the higher cross-link degree as compared with the other PEX pipes. In this study, the PEX-a pipes which were mixed with several stabilizers were tested to evaluate the effects on cross-link degree and the oxygen induction time. And also they are evaluated with the chlorine aqueous solution by the performance of the long-term hydrostatic pressure test and the long-term hydro dynamic pressure test. As a result, it was found that the combination of antioxidants for PEX-a pipes plays an important role to prolong the oxygen induction time without inhibiting the cross-linking. From the results of the 1H pulsed NMR measurement over the melting point of polyethylene, it was found that each peroxide PEX pipe with different antioxidant combinations indicated the different proportion and crosslink density of cross-linked region, in addition, that these pipes had the effective structure of cross-linking for the hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressure test with the chlorine aqueous solution. Therefore, it was considered to be useful results for studies of the stricture of cross-linking of polyethylene.
文摘The thick insulation layer of 110 kV XLPE power cables will result in the gradient changing morphology with the radius due to crosslinking process and cooling of the XLPE insulation. In this paper, the morphology of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation of 110 kV cable and the uniforming effect of the heating process on it are researched by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction(WAXD). The middle layer morphology structures of insulation produced by normal technology are of better uniform, while the crystallinity of the inner and outer layer of the insulation is lower than that of the middle one. The melting enthalpy ΔH_m of materials displays the difference of the crystal morphologies sensitively. The difference of crystallizing morphology in different layers of the high-voltage power cable insulation can be improved by heating process. But the uniforming of morphology of the insulation by heating process requires sufficient temperature and time. The effect of the on-line stress-relaxation equipment used widely by cable works now should be doubted. The test results of WAXD reveal that thermal stress changes the interplanar distances in the crystal region. So the radical stress in the insulation is tensile mainly.
文摘Clinical two-dimensional linear wear rate data for acetabular cup liners fabricated using approved brands of highly cross-linked ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene, as reported in 39 articles in the literature, were analyzed using a statistical technique called response surface methodology. The output was a series comprising16 acceptable combinations of femoral head diameter (HD), femoral head material (HM), and HXLPE brand (PB), each of which would yield the optimum wear rate (herein taken to be a wear rate of practically zero). An example of such a combination is 28- mm-diameter Oxinium? femoral head articulated against an acetabular cup liner fabricated from ReflectionTM HXLPE. The findings in this work may guide an orthopaedic surgeon’s selection of the combination of HD, HM, and PB to use in a primary total hip joint replacement.
