Assessment and Rehabilitation of Damaged Buildings in Historic Benghazi City

The primary focus of the study is to assess and classify the damage in the old Benghazi City.Specifically,it aims to evaluate buildings within a designated area,which is bordered by Umar Ibn Al-Aas Street to the south,Omar Al-Mukhtar Street to the north,Ben Issa Street to the east,and the extension of Gamal Abdel Nasser Street to the west.The main objective is to gather valuable insights and data that can support effective rehabilitation or reconstruction efforts.By comprehending the extent of the damage and categorizing it accordingly,the study seeks to provide essential information for decision-making processes and determine the most appropriate approach for restoration.The ultimate aim is to ensure the safe return of residents to the affected area.In addition to this,the restoration process aims to preserve and revitalize the city’s religious,historical,and distinctive features.This includes safeguarding religious structures,landmarks,and elements that contribute to the city’s unique identity.To achieve this,the study proposes separate rehabilitation schemes tailored for ordinary buildings and historic buildings.

Preliminary Research on Water Supply,Drainage,and HVAC Equipment in Shanghai Historic Buildings During the Northern Warlord Period

During the Northern Warlord Period(1912–1928),the construction industry in Shanghai underwent robust development.As an integral element of buildings,equipment served both functional purposes and stood witness to the evolution of the economy and society,thus earning its place as part of the architectural heritage.However,due to various reasons,there are many loopholes in the protection of these building equipment.This paper examines the development of building equipment in Shanghai during the Northern Warlord Period,using water supply,drainage,and heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)systems as examples.Through historical context analysis,it summarizes this development from a social-spatial perspective,infers the reasons behind it,and analyzes the importance of preserving such equipment,considering both past and present viewpoints.In this research,the importance of protecting historical building equipment is emphasized,which aims to give people a deeper understanding of their cultural value,and suggests that scholars conduct more practical research on their protection.

Urban Public Spaces and Design of Historical and Cultural Buildings——Series II of Urban Public Space Design

This paper summarized concept and role of urban public space, highlighted its role in emotional exchange, cultural exchange, and business communication, and the significance of showing inside image of the city in terms of morality and residents' quality. Combining with design of historical and cultural buildings, the paper explored the forms of historical and cultural buildings in urban public spaces from the perspectives of administration square, religious square, cultural square and commercial street, so as to design "human-concerned" urban public spaces that meet human needs and reflect personality of the city.

Maintenance Awareness of Student Group about College Historical Buildings

In order to investigate the maintenance awareness of student group on historical buildings in colleges,this paper employs fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and determines the evaluation system of maintenance awareness.Through sampling survey,it s found that maintenance awareness of college students belongs to medium level,and emotional identity level is high.However,protection behavior is little,which is due to the lack of protection knowledge and college propaganda.What s more,the usage of historical buildings also affects the maintenance awareness level.

Study on Properties of Blue-Brick Masonry Materials for Historical Buildings

There are a large number of historic buildings which were mainly made of blue-brick masonry in today’s world.However,for the natural and man-made reasons,these historic buildings have been damaged in different degrees.In order to protect historic buildings more scientifically and learn about the preservation state of existing historic buildings,it is necessary to ascertain the material properties of blue brick in historic buildings.The article takes the blue bricks of historical buildings in Kaifeng area of the Central Plains as an example to study.Through the analysis of physical properties,X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy of blue brick specimens,the physical properties such as the apparent density,moisture content,porosity,and material structure composition are understood.The results show that the apparent density of blue brick is 1.64 g/cm^(3),the moisture content is 10.23%,the 24 h atmospheric water absorption is 17.86%,and the porosity is 20.99%.The smaller the apparent density is,the larger the porosity is,and the water absorption performance is better.From the microscopic point of view,bonding ability between blue brick mineral particles is relatively weak.The pores between skeletons are large and the pore structure is obvious.From the perspective of material phase,the elements of blue brick are mainly O,Si,Al,Fe,and the composition of blue brick is mainly composed of quartz and feldspar.The softening coefficient of blue brick is 0.80,and the deformation and stability of the structure should be paid special attention in the rainy season or wet environment.Through the frost test,there are salt substances in the internal pores of the brick,and the surface of the blue brick is eroded and pulverized.In this paper,the experimental process and analysis methods for testing the material properties of blue brick can provide reference for the research on the material properties of the same kind of blue-brick masonry in historic buildings and masonry relics.The relevant material property parameters obtained in this paper can provide guidance for making protection schemes and scientific repairs for historic buildings in Central China,enrich the evaluation criteria for maintaining and reinforcing historic buildings,and provide theoretical support for studying the damage and health detection technology related to historic buildings.

Ambient Vibration Testings and Field Investigations of Two Historical Buildings in Europe

In this study,the methodology and results of ambient vibration-based investigations of the historical Tash Mosque in Kosovo and a 3-story historical building in Bulgaria are presented.The investi gations include full-scale in situ testing of both structures due to ambient vibrations induced by micro-seismic,wind,traffic,and other human activities.To this aim,Ranger seismometers and Kinemetric products were used.Measurements were performed in both horizontal directions in several points along the structures'height utilizing a high-speed data acquisition device.All recorded data have been analyzed and processed by the software developed at IZIIS,and then the processed data were used as input for modal analysis.The basic assumption is that the excitation can be considered as a stationary random process to have a relatively flat spectrum.The paper clearly describes the procedure used for investigations and presents the dynamic properties of the whole structures.The inv estigated structures are both historical buildings and defined as architectural heritage and the outcome of this study including the natural vibration frequencies and mode shapes)can be very benefi-cial for the verification stage of the analytical/numerical models for future retro-fiting/rehabilitation schemes.

Analysis of the Influence of New Usages on the State of Conservation of Historical Buildings through Microclimate Characterization

Recycling is an alternative for preserving historical heritage buildings. Through such process, buildings are occupied by new usages that assure they are not abandoned. However, conservation issues, like pathological manifestations by filamentous fungi, are common even in buildings receiving new uses. Thus, it is extremely important to know the microclimate behavior of these buildings and analyze if there are usages that favor the appearance of filamentous fungi or not. This study aims to verify if new usages modify the microclimate in historical buildings and if such possible change favors the appearance of pathological manifestations by filamentous fimgi in some specific use. To achieve the results, three buildings that have gone through recycling processes were chosen in the city of Pelotas, in Southernmost Brazil. The city possesses a large number of buildings with historical value and its climate conditions are propitious for appearance of filamentous fungi. For 12 months, microclimate was monitored, the environments modus operandi was characterized and there was a survey on the pathological manifestations by filamentous fungi in the three buildings with two different uses： administration offices and exhibition rooms. Conclusion was that usages that allow natural ventilation and lighting favor conservation, which is what happens in the ones used as administration offices. Besides that, it was noticed that the construction system also influences, since buildings with a high cellar that is being used did not present filamentous fungi, which also shows the influence of ascending humidity on the appearance of such pathological manifestations.

Evolution of Damage on Historical Heritage Buildings in Presence of Catastrophic Events and Aggressive Natural Phenomena

The feasibility analysis of projects for the preservation of the historical heritage buildings is an important problem concerning the evaluation of ＂the total cost of intervention＂, which includes all the future damage costs. The total cost of intervention represents a suitable measure of the expected deterioration risk and its evolution obviously depends on the damage process which buildings are subjected to. That damage phenomena affecting masonry buildings pleased into an aggressive environment are suitably modelled by renewal processes： this happens both in the case of catastrophic events, or in the case of the so-called ＂natural aging＂, in which damage comes off gradually in time. In the hypothesis ofa Markovian renewal process （Mrp） describing the damage process, the total cost of all the future damage is evaluated taking into account both the damage aspects： damages due to catastrophic aspects and damages due to aggressive environment, supposing different maintenance and/or rehabilitation scenarios. A semi-Markov process （s-Mp） is defined to model the damage rehabilitation history of buildings in presence of seismic events, natural ageing and rehabilitation strategies. The expected rewards connected to the process are defined; they represent a significant measure of the risk.

Adaptive-Reuse of Historic Industrial Buildings and Sites in China

The paper analyzes the definite place of industrial building in the history of urban development. Due to the development of urban economy and the transition of the traditional industrial structure, many historic cities and towns both at home and abroad have witnessed a large scale "demolition" and abandonment of industrial buildings in urban renewal during last 30 years. Consequently, it has been leading to the discontinuity of urban cultural and historic context. The paper discusses and expounds the clas...

Protection Countermeasures of Historic Campus Buildings in China

Historic buildings on campuses of China have gradually disappeared because their representative value has not been fully understood. This study, on the basis of analyzing problems in current protection of historic campus buildings, elaborated connotations and protection significance of these buildings, proposed basic principles and concrete measures for the protection, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the protection of such buildings.

Restoration of an Ottoman Historical Building in Istanbul

Preservation of historical buildings is an important issue to save our cultural heritage is both a record of life and history.In recent years,the Turkish government starts urban transformation projects that include renewal and restoration of some historical buildings belongs to the Ottoman period.This paper presents the details of a restoration project of a historical building in Istanbul.The selected restoration and strengthening technique aim to save the original architectural fabric of the building that has been changed among the past decades.The building is used as a chest diseases clinic in Istanbul University hospital.The building was built at the late Ottoman period and composed of four building blocks.The structural system of the buildings is mainly unreinforced masonry walls.Seismic performance analysis results of the building before and after the proposed restoration scheme indicated that the resorted building is able to withstand future earthquakes safely.

A novel approach for assessing color harmony of historical buildings via street view image

While new buildings continue to emerge in the process of urbanization,historical buildings,as valuable legacies carrying national historical memory,play an important role in the urban landscape.Previous studies have shown that color harmony is a crucial factor in coordinating urban landscapes.However,the evaluation of color harmony in historic areas and buildings lacks effective quantitative standards,often overlooking factors such as complementary color harmony and the compatibility of analogous colors.This study aims to build a new method to evaluate the color harmony of historical buildings through street view technology,semantic segmentation algorithms,quantification of color harmony methods based on image property detection and classification,questionnaire verification,and takes Shanghai’s historical buildings as an example to explore.Our study categorizes six types of color harmony indexes for Shanghai street-facing historic buildings into three levels,with the top tier serving as a benchmark for excellence and the lowest tier highlighting areas in need of urban environmental improvement.This study uniquely considers color compatibility within hue ranges and expanded relationship types like complementary harmony.This approach,applicable to cities globally,offers practical tools for urban planners and conservators in managing and preserving historic areas and buildings.

Restoration of an Ottoman Historical Building in Istanbul

Preservation of historical buildings is an important issue to save our cultural heritage is both a record of life and history.In recent years,the Turkish government starts urban transformation projects that include renewal and restoration of some historical buildings belongs to the Ottoman period.This paper presents the details of a restoration project of a historical building in Istanbul.The selected restoration and strengthening technique aim to save the original architectural fabric of the building that has been changed among the past decades.The building is used as a chest diseases clinic in Istanbul University hospital.The building was built at the late Ottoman period and composed of four building blocks.The structural system of the buildings is mainly unreinforced masonry walls.Seismic performance analysis results of the building before and after the proposed restoration scheme indicated that the resorted building is able to withstand future earthquakes safely.

The Reuse of Historic Buildings as a Preservation Practice

This paper aims to discuss the concept of reuse as a preservation practice for historic buildings.One of the inherent characteristics of architecture is use.It is among the necessary conditions for its preservation.Thus,considering cultural assets and the architectural heritage of different historical moments,currently recognized as depository of artistic,social and memory values,worthy of being preserved,the issue of reuse assumes relationships that go beyond pragmatic aspects to become a cultural matter.To this end,it can be observed the debate about the reuse of heritage buildings has been gaining prominence in the academic and technical sphere of construction.In May 2018,the 5th International Forum on Architectural Heritage Brazil-Portugal(FIPA)took place in the city of Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.This event had as a study dimension the reuse while a preservationist practice.That is why the methodology used to structure this text is bibliometrics,in other words,this study was based on papers presented at the event in direct dialogue with the concept under analysis.In this context,it is observed the attribution of a new use,compatible with the characteristics of pre-existing structures,which becomes an important preservation tool.

Case Study of Indirect Adiabatic Cooling System in Historical Building

The objective of the present study is to investigate the efficiency of indirect adiabatic chiller-based cooling system efficiency dependence of outdoor air humidity. The system is located in historical building, in temperate climate of Latvia. The data about electricity consumption, water consumption, chiller operation stages, cooling average temperatures and outdoor air parameters have been acquired for the period of 2.5 month, during the cooling season. Using data collected by BACnet based BMS controllers and adiabatic chiller control system, we have analyzed operation efficiency of the chiller and its dependence of outdoor air humidity. Data range for the period from August 1st till October 13th, 2011 was taken for deeper analysis, which showed that in temperature range 22.0 ± 0.5 ℃ for the studied period of time chiller＇s COP is slightly dependent on the outdoor air moisture.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Repair and Replacement of the Timber Element in Historic Buildings

During the modern city construction,the conservation of the historic buildings is especial important,for the future development is based on the historic accumulation.Timber element,which is the common material in the historic buildings,always sufferd by the varies natural or man-made factors,and finally lead to huge threaten to the entire structure.The conservation methods often changing according to the different circumstances and degree of destruction.This paper has introduced two approaches,repair and replacement,compared the advantages and disadvantages of each,and then summary the application of two methods in the light of conservation principle.

Solutions for the Rehabilitation of Historical Building Facades with Local Materials

The present research aims to identify the possibilities of rehabilitation of building facades in the centre of Chisinau, through the use of high-performance materials, use of high-performance technologies in execution, reduction of facade renovation costs, etc. In the process of organising the rehabilitation works of historical buildings of architectural value, we are dealing with the following: the value of the rehabilitation works of a historical building is very high, the duration of the rehabilitation is important, the attitude of the society is insufficient, the lack of strategies for the rehabilitation of buildings at the municipality level. In order to achieve this objective, we propose to research the following tasks: definition of the concept of rehabilitation of buildings in the Historic Centre of Chisinau;legislative, normative assurance of rehabilitation of historical heritage in the Republic of Moldova;analysis of the situation in Chisinau on the example of historical buildings with limestone finishes and examination by non-destructive methods of facades;solutions for rehabilitation of facades of historical buildings by comparing two types of technologies. In conclusion, emphasis will be placed on the choice of the most efficient method in terms of material, technology and cost.

Energy retrofit and conservation of a historic building using multi-objective optimization and an analytic hierarchy process

When deciding on the best historic building retrofit,energy savings and thermal comfort can be quantitatively evaluated using an energy model,whereas conservation compatibility is intrinsically qualitative and reflects the perspective of the local heritage authority. We present a methodology that permits finding and comparing optimal retrofits for historic buildings in a multi-perspective and quantitative way. We use an analytic hierarchyprocess to quantify conservation compatibility by distilling a conservation score from the opinions of 10 experts in the field. This score,along with energy needs for heating and cooling and thermal comfort,are the three targets of a multi-objective optimization aimed at identifying optimal retrofits for a medieval building in the north of Italy,destined to become a museum. Retrofit measures considered were different kinds of external and internal envelope insulation,improvement of airtightness,replacement of windows,and ventilative cooling. The result is a portfolio of optimal retrofits that cover the whole range of conservation compatibility. We showthat in the analyzed case heritage preservation is compatible with a four-fold reduction in energy needs at a high thermal comfort level. Even higher energy savings are only achievable at the cost of heritage degradation.

GPR Applications for NDT Investigations on the Cultural Heritage Monumental Buildings of Florence (Italy)

Florence (Italy) is a worldwide well-known cultural historical city, with many outstanding monumental buildings visited every year by about 20M people, since 1982 the historical city center is under the UNESCO Patronage. Conservation of monumental buildings is subject to the principles of integrity and authenticity, in Italy recalled by the Ministry for Cultural Heritage 2011 rule, which defines the procedure for their seismic vulnerability evaluation. For that, the knowledge of the masonry structure is in need, and in lack of historical documentation on the design, only non destructive tests (NDT), or very low destructive tests, can be run on the masonry for acquiring this knowledge on its structure and consistence. For this purpose, we are largely using specific ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology, which is resulting highly performing in defining masonry structure and consistence. This paper summarizes selected case histories regarding the main Florentine historical monumental buildings: Palazzo Vecchio, Brunelleschi’s Cupola, Giotto’s Bell-Tower, and San Giovanni Baptistery. The correct interpretation of the GPR data requires knowledge about the masonry techniques of the age of construction, and local verification with micro drill-holes with video inspections, sonic and ultrasonic tests, in defining historical monumental buildings masonry structure and competence, static and dynamic behavior parameters and seismic vulnerability.

Design between Architecture and Structure: Case Studies of Pilot Interventions on Italian Monumental Buildings

Two case studies,referring to historic Italian buildings housing city halls,provide an opportunity to investigate the design of non-standard elements aimed at protecting masonry vaults,with particular reference to the preliminary works prior to the actual structural restoration work.There is in fact a phase in which it is a priority to secure the vault to avert possible risks to the users of that portion of the building.This phase is temporarily intermediate between the detection and aggravation of injuries and the renovation and consolidation project.Although these are provisional works,they are intended for buildings that are often public and therefore intended for a wide range of users,such as schools,offices or monumental buildings.In analyzing traditional techniques and systems used in similar cases,the possibility of developing evolutionary aspects with respect to,above all,simple shoring techniques emerged.In these areas,hybrids between a structural and architectural project,it is possible to reconcile static requirements with architectural techniques of space management,attentive to the quality of the interior and the integration of the provisional work with the reference context.