Optimization of SSR-PCR Non-denatured Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Conditions in Kernelled Apricot

[Objective] The aim was to optimize the SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Method]25 accessions of kernelled apricot and three accessions of edible apricot were selected as experimental materials to screen the repeatable SSR loci with high polymorphism by the use of SSR markers combined with non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.And the effect of different factors on electrophoresis conditions was compared to explore the optimal SSR-PCR non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions in kernelled apricot.[Result]The optimal non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions for SSR-PCR were established as follows：polyacrylamide gel concentration 6%,the ratio of acrylamide to bisacrylamide 29∶1,electrophoresis at 1 000 V for 2-3 h,and staining for 15 min within 0.1% AgNO3.[Conclusion]The optimum electrophoresis system has provided some technical foundations to further study the phylogenetic relationship of kernelled apricots by SSR markers.

Separation of non-denatured proteins using semi-crosslinked polyacrylamide capillary gel electrophoresis

This work presents an approach to build a high-performance, low-viscous and replaceable separation matrix, semi-crosslinked polyacrylamide （semi-CPA） capillary gel electrophoresis. Non- denatured basic proteins, such as lysozyme, cytochrome C, ribonuclease A and trypsin were separa- ted. The impacts of monomer and cross-linker concentrations on protein separation were studied, and the ability of dynamic capillary inner wall coating was demonstrated. The UV absorption interfer- ence by semi-CPA gel matrix was successfully overcome by a partial filling technique, which results in sensitivity 20 times higher than other protein separation method. The excellent separation ability, reproducibility and dynamic coating ability made semi-CPA an ideal separation media in both capillar- y electrophoresis and microfluidic chip separation scheme.

Improvement of Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophorus in Phytophthora infeatans SSR Marker

[Objective] The paper was to improve polyacrylamide gel electrophorus in Phytophthora infeatans SSR Marker.[Method] With the disease sample of P.infeatans collected from Guyuan in Ningxia Province in 2009 as test material,its DNA was extracted and amplified with PCR,and its products were carried out polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.[Result] 12% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to detect primers D13,G11 and PI02,and 8% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to detect primers PI4B,PI63,SSR4,SSR8 and SSR11,then 0.1% silver nitrate was used to stain,and an ideal electrophoresis and staining effect was obtained.[Conclusion] The electrophoresis and staining method suitable for P.infeatans SSR Marker established in the study had the characteristics of high sensitivity,simple operation and clear bands,which was an effective,simple and quick detection method.

Synthesis of YAG∶Ce^(3+) Phosphor by Polyacrylamide Gel Method and Promoting Action of α-Al_2O_3 Seed Crystal on Phase Formation

YAG： Ce^3 ＋ phosphor particles were prepared using polyacrylamide gel method. The structure evolution of powders during annealing process was followed by X-ray diffraction determination. It is found that some intermediate phases, including θ-Al2O3, YAM and YAP, are formed when calcining polyacrylamide gel, however, the pure YAG phase can be formed directly when calcining polyacrylamide gel with α-Al2O3 as seed crystal. These facts show that the existence of α- Al2O3 seed crystal can block the formation of θ-Al2O3, YAM and YAP, and accelerate its reaction with Y2O3 to form YAG phase directly at lower temperature. The emission peak of prepared YAG ： Ce^3 ＋ phosphor is wide with maximum at 550 nm and the exitation band has two peaks, the major one is around at 460 nm, which matches the blue emission of GaN LED and is suitable for the assemble of white LED. Some fluxes can enhance the photoluminescence intensity of phosphor particles, that can be attributed both to the improvement of crystallization processes of YAG and to the stabilization of trivalence cerium ion in YAG：Ce^3 ＋.

Determination of the Structure of Polyacrylamide/Aluminum Citrate Colloidal Dispersion Gel System

1 INTRODUCTIONIn recent years,colloidal dispersion gel(CDG)have been attracting more and more in thefield of enhanced oil recovery on account of the cost-effectiveness and high efficiency ofblocking formation.Compared with bulk gel(BG),CDG exhibits lower polymer concentra-tion,undefined shape and selective blocking formation characteristics.The characteris-tics of CDG and BG are related to structure.In the bulk gel a continuous network of polymermolecules is formed predominant through intermolecular cross-linkages.The

Synthesis,Characterization and Electromagnetic Studies on Nanocrystalline Nickel Zinc Ferrite by Polyacrylamide Gel

Nanocrystalline nickel zinc ferrite powders （Ni=Zn1-xFe2O4, A for x=0, B for x=0.2, C for x=0.5, D for x= 0.8 and E for x= 1） were synthesized by polyacrylamide gel method. X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and wave-guide were used to characterize the composition. The XRD results show that the dried gel powders are amorphous, and the characteristic peaks of the spinel Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 appear after the gel is calcined at 400℃ for 1 h. When the calcining temperatures are 600 and 800℃, the average grain sizes are identified by TEM to be 10 and 30 nm, respectively. The NixZn1-xFe2O4 powders have both dielectric loss and magnetic loss in the frequency range of 8.2-11.0GHz. With the increase of Ni^2＋ ions content, the dielectric parameters （ε′） and permeability （u′） of the NixZn1-xFe2O4 powders decrease while the dielectric loss （ε″）, magnetic loss （u″） and the reflection loss increase.

Synthesis,Characterization and Electromagnetic Studies on Nanocrystalline Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_2O_4 Synthesized by Polyacrylamide Gel

Nanocrystalline Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 ferrite was synthesized by polyacrylamide gel method. The electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties of the ferrite were investigated. The results indicated that calcining temperature of the ferrite had a significant influence on the effective properties of the ferrite. When the calcining temperature was 500, 600 and 700℃, the average size of particles was 10, 30 and 80 nm, respectively. The dielectric loss （ε″） and magnetic loss （μ″） of the ferrite was around 0.65 and 0.29 at 8.2 GHz, respectively. Microwave absorption properties of the ferrites were simultaneously influenced due to the strong correlation between reflection loss and electromagnetic parameters of the ferrite.

Characterization of YSZ Ceramic Nanopowders Synthesized at Different Temperatures via Polyacrylamide Gel Method

Tetragonal zirconia (T-ZrO2) ceramic nanopowders stabilized with 3 mol% Y2O3 were synthesized via polyacrylamide gel method, using ZrOCl2?8H2O and Y(NO3)3?6H2O as raw materials. The effect of temperature on phase composition and morphology of YSZ nanopowders and sintering behavior of YSZ ceramics was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Vickers hardness tester. The aging-resistance of YSZ ceramics was measured by means of aging experiments. The results demonstrated that the phase composition of YSZ ceramic nanopowders had no obvious change and it was composed of T-ZrO2. Particle size of well-dispersed YSZ ceramic nanopowders increased from 17 to 35 nm with increasing calcining temperature from 600 to 800 ℃. There was noticeable negative correlation between calcining temperature and the relative density of YSZ ceramic at the same sintering temperature. The aging experiments showed that water vapor facilitated tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation, and the sample that had smaller grain size exhibited better aging-resistance. It can be concluded that when the calcining temperature is 600 ℃ and sintering temperature is 1550 ℃, the relative density and hardness of YSZ ceramic arrive at the peak of 96.64% and 11.135 GPa respectively, and it has less microcracks and excellent aging-resistance.

Breast Fibromatosis after Hydrophilic Polyacrylamide Gel Injection for Breast Augmentation: a Case Report and Review of the Literature

BREAST fibromatosis is a rare kind of lesion. The average incidence is about 2-4 per million every year} So far there have been about 100 cases reported altogether.2 In this report, we describe a case of breast fibromatosis developed after hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel （HPG） injection for breast augmentation. By reviewing the literature, the possible pathogenesis of this case and the proper treatment strategy are investigated.

Crystallization, morphology and luminescent properties of YAG:Ce^(3+) phosphor powder prepared by polyacrylamide gel method

A novel synthesis process, based on the polyacrylamide gel method, was used to prepare Ce-doped YAG phosphor powders. Effects of heat treatment parameters, temperature and holding time, the fluxes, and atmosphere on microstructure and particle morphology as well as luminescent properties of YAG:Ce3+ phosphor powders were studied by X-ray powder diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and fluorescence spectrophotometry. The results show that the formation temperature (1 000 ℃) of pure YAG phase is significant low when being synthesized by the polyacrylamide gel method, compared with solid-state reaction. For luminescent properties, the intensity of emission of YAG:Ce3+ phosphor increases steadily with increasing temperature from 900 ℃ to 1 300 ℃ and prolonging holding time from 100 min to 400 min. But blue shift phenomenon is observed for 400 min calcination. Fluxes as BaF2 and H3BO3 can enhance the intensity of emission of phosphor due to the improvement of crystallization of YAG and the stabilization of trivalence cerium ion in YAG host lattice at high temperature. Weak reduction atmosphere can contribute to improvement of the emission intensity of YAG:Ce3+ phosphor powders.

Electrically induced gel-sol transition of polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylamide semi-interpenetrated hydrogels

Polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylamide semi-interpenetrated hydrogels were prepared via freeze-thaw process. When a 20 V of DC was applied across the gels, the gels with lower polyacrylamide content underwent a contraction or partly turned into solution, while for the gels. with higher polyacrylamide concentration, a complete gel-sol transition was observed in a short time.

Quantitative Detection of Inositol Hexakisphosphate (InsP6) in Crop Plants Using Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE)

Inositol phosphates are essential for cell development and signaling in all living organisms. Inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) is the most abundant phosphoinositol in both plants and animals. While the concentration of inorganic phosphorous (Pi) is often limited in soil, some plants overcome this limitation by creating a phosphate reservoir that serves as a source of Pi during phosphate deficiency. Although this strategy benefits plant development and signaling under adverse environmental conditions, excessive accumulation of Pi in crop plants has raised serious concerns about its toxicity and ill effects on human health. Consumption of crop plants with high InsP6 content or food products made from these crops is found to reduce nutrient intake significantly by way of chelating essential metal cations in human and livestock fed by such plants. Therefore, it is necessary to determine InsP6 contents in crop plants. Several methods have been developed for the screening and detection of InsP6 in plants. These detection methods however, are complex, labor-intensive, and often provide inaccurate results. We have developed a fast, reliable, and cost-effective method for the detection and quantification of InsP6 in plants using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) with potential applications in industry, quality control labs, and research projects.

Effect of Mixed Dispersants on Suppression of the Gel Effect during Aqueous Adiabatic Terpolymerization of AM,NaAA,and DMC

Gelation adversely affects the aqueous adiabatic terpolymerization of acrylamide (AM), sodium acrylate (NaAA),and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride (DMC). Here, the mixed dispersants sorbitan monooleate (Span80) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) were introduced to the terpolymerization system in an attemptto mitigate the gel effect. This enabled the preparation of high-performance amphoteric polyacrylamides, which werecharacterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The influences of the dispersanttype and content as well as the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) on the gel effect were examined, and the mechanismunderlying the suppression of the gel effect was considered. The obtained results indicated that the gel effect can beeffectively mitigated using an aqueous adiabatic terpolymerization system containing mixed Span 80/Tween 80 dispersantsat various contents. In particular, mixed dispersant contents of 0.6%–0.8% with HLB values of 5.0–6.0 afforded the optimalperformance (e.g., high viscosity, fast aqueous dissolution time, and the like).

乳及乳制品中乳铁蛋白含量的快速SDS-PAGE荧光检测方法

该研究采用新型的Chromeo P503(P503)染料替代考马斯亮蓝染色方法,以克服脱色染色步骤繁琐、耗时长(≥5 h)的不足,建立一种乳及乳制品中乳铁蛋白的快速简便十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)检测方法。P503染料标记蛋白产生强烈的红色荧光发射,在30 min内一步操作即可完成,并且进行脱铁处理后消除乳铁蛋白铁饱和度对于荧光信号的干扰,保证定量的准确性。根据凝胶成像图中78 ku蛋白条带是否存在及其灰度值的大小,实现乳铁蛋白的定性与定量检测。在优化的实验条件下,线性范围为15~75μg/mL,检出限为5.11μg/mL,加标回收率在75.79%~108.09%之间,表明该方法具有较高的灵敏度和准确性。SDS-PAGE和P503结合无需进行肝素亲和柱前处理,便可直接应用于乳及乳制品中乳铁蛋白快速简便的准确定量检测,P503染料标记还可以用于其它乳蛋白的SDS-PAGE快速低成本定量检测,从而为乳品质量控制和营养评价及加工工艺研究提供有力工具。

六堡茶茶褐素中酚类化合物及蛋白质组分分析

本研究通过甲醇提取茶褐素,将其分为可提取部分(记为FTB)和不可提取部分(记为BTB),采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、蛋白质印迹和超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱方法开展组分分析。结果表明,茶褐素为多羟基的芳香族物质,含有蛋白质、氨基酸和肽等含氮化合物;在蛋白质分子质量63~75 kDa附近具有条带,总体为弥散型的长条且可能被多酚等物质修饰;非靶向代谢组学共鉴定出297种化合物,以差异倍数(fold change,FC)>2或FC<0.5和P<0.05为标准进行筛选,发现BTB与FTB之间有137种化合物存在显著差异,主要为酚类化合物(37种);通过主成分分析和正交偏最小二乘判别分析获得了FTB与BTB的5种酚类化合物(儿茶素、2,3-二羟基苯甲酸、没食子酸、4-羟基香豆素和咖啡酸),它们不仅可以区分FTB和BTB,还有可能是茶褐素的主要不可提取酚类。本研究解析了六堡茶茶褐素的多酚谱及其特征性多酚,提出了蛋白质-多酚复合物的推论,有助于丰富黑茶茶褐素中蛋白质的相关研究,推动黑茶茶褐素的物质组成及功能活性的进一步研究。

Bio-Gel P-2分离低聚木糖的特性

以聚丙烯酰胺凝胶（Bio-Gel P-2）为层析介质，快速蛋白液相层析（FPLC）系统为平台，以脱气超纯水为洗脱液，对其分离低聚木糖的特性进行了探讨。研究表明，Bio-Ge lP-2可用于低聚木耱分离，采用Bio-Gel P-2分离低聚木糖时，木二糖至木六糖各相邻组分之间的选择因子α和分离度R分别介于1．13～1．18和0．83～1．11之间，而且各组分与层析介质Bio-Gel P-2之间无特异性吸附现象，能完全按照分子质量大小进行分离。通过1次分离可获得纯度分别为86．94％、82．90％、88．30％、64．20％和77．89％的木二糖至木六糖溶液。

纤维素纳米纤维PAM基混合凝胶对柔性锌空气电池的性能影响

采用自由基聚合法制备具有良好柔性的聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)基凝胶电解质,作为柔性锌空气电池电解质。探究了不同含量的纤维素纳米纤维(CNF)对PAM基凝胶电解质表面形貌、离子电导率、吸液率、保水率等一系列性能的影响,并将含有不同含量CNF的PAM基凝胶电解质组装成锌空气电池,分别对其进行了电化学阻抗、功率密度、恒流放电、放电倍率、充放电循环等电化学性能测试。结果表明:所制纤维素纳米纤维PAM基混合凝胶电解质(PAMC)(以5%含量CNF的PAMC凝胶电解质为例)具有较高的吸液率(4383%)、保水率(79.00%)和离子电导率(340mS/cm),组装的柔性锌空气电池功率密度为19.03mW/cm^(2),在低电流密度和高电流密度(0.25~11mA/cm^(2))下都有较好的放电性能,且稳定性较好,并可连续充放电23.74h,循环效率为57.5%。

多重复合网络增韧凝胶在裂缝油藏中的封堵行为研究

采用水溶液聚合法,研究了在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中同时引入共价键交联、氢键交联、缠结交联和疏水微区交联四种交联结构的复合交联凝胶的力学性能,结果表明,含有疏水单体和聚乙烯醇(PVA)的多重复合交联结构的凝胶可以有效提高凝胶颗粒的变形能力,断裂伸长率高达800%,可以作为一种裂缝油藏用颗粒堵剂,对裂缝产生有效的封堵,颗粒与裂缝宽度的配伍最低临界值为1.25,封堵强度大于0.034 MPa/cm,应用中推荐使用与裂缝宽度比值为1.25~1.87粒径的颗粒作为封堵剂。

低压静电场处理对鱿鱼保鲜效果的影响

为探究低压静电场(low voltage electrostatic field,LVEF)处理对鱿鱼贮藏品质的影响,采用pH值、蒸煮损失率、挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basicnitrogen,TVB⁃N)和硫代巴比妥酸(thiobarbituric acid,TBA)等评价指标,以无电场处理的样品为对照组,研究比较低压静电场贮藏条件下的鱿鱼品质变化情况。结果表明,低压静电场处理能够改善鱿鱼的贮藏品质。随着贮藏时间的延长,LVEF组的样品pH值增加缓慢;贮藏期间对照组的蒸煮损失率、TVB⁃N值始终低于LVEF组,且当贮藏至15 d时LVEF组的TBA值远低于对照组的1.24 mg/kg;低压静电场对微生物繁殖有明显的抑制作用,贮藏15 d内LVEF组菌落总数均低于6 lg(CFU/g);在硬度、弹性、感官评价和蒸煮损失率上LVEF组均优于对照组。此外,十二烷基硫酸钠⁃聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析显示LVEF组条带未发生明显变化,故低压静电场处理能更好地保持鱿鱼品质。

油田聚合物解堵生物酶制剂的研究进展

聚合物广泛应用于油气开采过程,如瓜尔胶及其衍生物、聚丙烯酰胺和纤维素基聚合物等都可应用于压裂过程,但是在压裂作业后聚合物会在储层断裂面堆积形成滤饼,导致储层堵塞,影响油气开采。通常使用酸和化学氧化剂作为“破胶剂”来降解聚合物滤饼,但化学破胶剂可能导致基础设施被腐蚀及储层伤害。基于此,利用生物酶作为破胶剂来降解聚合物则更加环保,也更有吸引力。当前,针对瓜尔胶的酶破胶剂已在油田中得到应用,针对其他聚合物的酶破胶剂仍处于研究开发阶段。因此,本文综述了瓜尔胶、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)和黄原胶等聚合物的生物降解机制和降解酶的研究现状,讨论了生物酶破胶剂在实验室开发和油田应用中面临的挑战。