Function Evolution and Landscape Planning Strategy of Inland Rivers in Beilun Port City of Ningbo

In the history, the main roles of inland rivers in Beilun Port City of Ningbo were desalination,blocking tides, shipping, and flood control. Nowadays, with the continuous spread and deepening ofurbanization, the ecological environment of river courses has been destroyed. In the past, remediationmeasures based on engineering and technology played a certain role, but can not “cure the root cause”. Itshould respect the historical evolution process of river courses, and highlight the ecological service functionand leisure tourism value of river courses from the coordination perspective of urban and rural ecologicalenvironment, economic industries, society and culture in the planning ideas of ecology, production, andlife integration. Four aspects of the measures are as below: protecting and repairing the ecological matrixof river courses;building green space system and maintaining flood control functions through the waternetwork;protecting cultural heritage along the rivers;developing waterfront leisure tourism scenic area.

A Brief Discussion on the Landscape Balconies of New Buildings

With the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of people’s living standards,people have increasingly higher requirements for the living environment,especially in the design of outdoor balconies.However,existing landscape balconies generally suffer from insufficient shading and rainwater drainage problems,which affects people’s living experience.In response to this problem,this article proposes a new design scheme for building landscape balconies to solve the existing problems of landscape balconies.This design plan fully considers the user’s usage needs and scenarios,improves the use value and comfort of the balcony through technical means,and achieves intelligence and functionality.

Ecological function regionalization of fluvial corridor landscapes and measures for ecological regeneration in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang of China

The middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River are currently one of the main regions of ecological restoration in the arid areas of western China.Using the principles and method of landscape ecology,this study has chosen the fluvial corridor landscape in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River,and discusses the region’s ecologically functional regionalization system and issues related to its practical classification.On this basis the corresponding regionalizing principles and standards were developed which were used to qualitatively divide the three main landscapes as the ecologically functional areas in the drainage basin.The paper has also analyzed the characteristic of the study areas,and has put forward the measures for its ecological restoration.

Runoff separation and eco-hydrological function in the typical landscape zones combining hydrochemical and isotopic tracers:a review

The study on the coupling relationship and hydrology mechanism between ecosystem and hydrological process in a basin has recently become the international research frontier in hydrology.Runoff separation is still an important subject and possibly cutting edge process in hydrology.This paper summarizes the progress of national and international research,and comments on the advantages and disadvantages of recent,diverse base flow separation methods.This paper also presents research on hydrological process and eco-hydrological function in different landscape zones,combining isotopic technology with hydrochemical methods.Based on the runoff separation of different water bodies,this paper probes into the coupling relationship and hydrology mechanism between ecosystem pattern and eco-hydrological process,and makes analysis on water conservation,regulation and storage mechanism,and eco-hydrological function in different landscape zones.This report also examines future trends in research on hydrological process and eco-hydrological function in mountainous areas.

Landscapes—Structure, Functions, and Development Trends (On the Example of Landscapes of Georgia)

The article discusses the peculiarities of landscape geography development, types of landscape structure and their types, the essence of cultural landscape and its types, landscape functions and peculiarities of their definition, the main tasks and challenges of using and managing Georgian landscapes.

Study on Plant Landscape Design of Urban Comprehensive Park

The urban comprehensive park is the main body of the urban environment construction, and the plant landscape is the most important landscape element of the comprehensive park. It is helpful for the landscape design of the comprehensive park to improve the environmental quality and the sustainable development of the city. Taking the ＂Nanjiang Park＂ in Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou as the research object, the landscape design of plants was explored and analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in the application forms of plant land- scapes in different functional zones in comprehensive parks. The specific forms of the garden elements had different needs of plant landscape construction. According to the results of case studies, it found that comprehensive parks could improve the functions, create the aesthetic sense, enhance the atmosphere and enhance the taste through plant landscape design. In addition, corresponding suggestions were put forward according to the current situation with the aim to provide references for the future plant landscape design related with garden greens.

Discussion on Theme-based Design of Road Landscape in Scenic Area——A Case Study of Five Dragon Temple Cultural Park in Yingcheng City

The combination of ornamental function and recreational function should be taken into account in road landscape design of scenic area.The theme characteristic should be highlighted by designing techniques.Roads in scenic area should be used to lead tourists' behavior according to people's behavioral psychology.With Five Dragon Temple Cultural Park as case study,starting from its geographic location and establishment concept,the paper had extracted design theme of Five Dragon Temple Cultural Park.Profound religious cultural connotation had been given to the cultural park with Chinese traditional religion and "Five Elements" theory as the inspiration.It designed five main roads with different colors which represented five elements covering "gold,wood,water,fire and earth".Different scenic areas had been linked together by five man roads,forming a road landscape pattern of "meeting of five dragons".Then,flowering plants had been collocated along the five roads which were Vatica astrotricha,Punica granatum,Prunus serrulata,Morus alba and Osmanthus fragrans,creating theme-based road landscape not only representing religious significance but also corresponding with "Five Elements" theory.

Application of Fractal Theory in Landscape Design

Research and application of fractal theory in landscape design has greatly enriched the concepts and techniques of garden creation,and pushed forward landscape design closer to the natural world.By elaborating internal connection between fractal theory and landscape design,this paper uses iterative function system of the fractal theory and matlab to draw fractal trees.Two designed experiments demonstrate that the fractal theory can be employed to realize the vivid drawing of natural landscapes with the support of limited data.Therefore,fractal theory is a practical tool used to draw vivid natural landscapes efficiently.

Ecological Harmony:Core Concept for the Construction of Urban Landscape Architecture

On the basis of analyzing the narrow sense and broad sense of landscape architecture,classical gardens and modern landscape architecture,the authors proposed functions of landscape architecture,and that highquality landscape architecture designs should demonstrate ecological,social and aesthetic functions.By combining theoretical analysis and practical experience,it was verified that urban landscape architecture has to integrate ecological,social and aesthetic functions to manifest its social value to the most.

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Landscape Ecological Vulnerability in the Three-River-Source National Park Region

The increasing impact of global warming and human activities has exacerbated the ecological environment in the Three-RiverSource National Park Region(TNPR). Understanding the temporal and spatial evolution of landscape ecological vulnerability(LEV)and its influencing factors are crucial to the implementation of environmental management. Here, we aimed to: 1) construct a LEV assessment model integrating landscape structure and function;2) analyze the temporal and spatial evolution of TNPR’s LEV from 1995to 2015;3) use geographic detectors to reveal the regional influence factors of TNPR’s LEV. The main findings were: 1) grasslands, water, and bare land are important landscapes of TNPR, accounting for 98.37% of the total area. During the study period, there were significant differences in the area of different landscapes;except for desert, shrub, and urban land, the other landscape areas showed a decreasing trend. 2) During the study period, the LEV of TNPR showed a downward trend;except for grasslands, the ecological vulnerability of the other landscapes decreased steadily. Furthermore, a pattern of conversion from high to low vulnerability grade was observed in the study area. In terms of spatial distribution, the LEV level shows a trend of high at both ends(east and west) and low in the middle.3) Overall, the impact of natural factors on the ecological vulnerability of the TNPR was significantly higher than that of human factors.In conclusion, our study provides a scientific basis for landscape structure optimization and the management of regional ecological vulnerability.

i-Tree Eco Analysis of Landscape Vegetation on Remediated Areas of Oak Ridge National Laboratory

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is the largest and most diverse energy, research, and development institution within the Department of Energy (DOE) system in the United States. As such, the site endures constant land development that creates rigorous growing conditions for urban vegetation. Natural resource managers at ORNL recognize that trees are an integral component of the landscape and are interested in characterizing the urban forest and their associated ecosystem services benefits. We evaluated the urban forest structure, quantified ecosystem services and benefits, and estimated economic value of resources using i-Tree Eco at ORNL. While this assessment captured over 1100 landscape trees, the ORNL Natural Resources Management for landscape vegetation can be expanded to include unmanaged landscapes, e.g. riparian areas, greenspace, and other vegetative attributes to increase ecosystem services benefits. Assigning a monetary value to urban forest benefits help to inform decisions about urban forest management, ideally on cost-benefit analysis.

Researches of Street Greening Landscape Based on Plant Diversity Investigation in Jingzhou

Street greening effectively embodies the ecological and landscape functions of plants,and is of great significance to regional maintenance and ecological protection.In this study,an evaluation system was constructed based on plant diversity,and typical sampling method was used to study the landscape and evaluate the ecological function of main roads in Jingzhou City.The results showed that:①the average species richness of the 14 plot roads was 2,and the average Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) and average Pielou evenness index (Jsw) were 0.892 and 0.911,respectively;due to single street landscape and high homogeneity of landscape,there is a lack of landscape characteristics in Jingzhou;②the ecological functions of five streets were compared:shading > dust fall > humidity elimination > noise reduction > temperature reduction;street greening has significant shading effect and certain dust retention effect.The investigation and research will provide reference and improvement suggestions for street greening construction in Jingzhou City in the future.

The Application of Dead Trees or Dying Trees in Landscape Design

In the development of landscape design,plants have always been one of the important elements in the landscape design,and play a very important role in the landscape.In the selection and application of landscape plants,living plants have always occupied a dominant position,but the research and application of dead trees are few.People tend to think that dead plants are no longer valuable,and all dead trees should be removed or replaced.In a sense,this is a waste of resources,and also increases the cost of landscape.In fact,the proper use of dead trees in landscapes design is more likely to display the artistic conception and theme of the landscape.In many natural landscapes,large trees,ancient trees and precious tree die because of natural laws or natural disasters,forming withered trees.This kind of withered tree endows the site with certain historical connotation,which could narrate the history and ecological change of site to people and evoke the imagination of people to the past.In addition,these dead wood still have high economic,ornamental,ecological and cultural values.This study focused on dead trees and dying trees as its subject,analyzing the outstanding dead trees application cases in natural landscape,and discusses the different functions of dead tree,such as ecological function,ornamental function,cultural function and others.In addition,the Beijing Wild Duck Lake National Wetland Park will serve as a special experimental site,dead tree will be designed and applied in the lake of park.And based on these data analyses,the final chapter will return to address the research questions and offer advice on how to apply dead tree to urban landscape and further enhance the value of dead trees in landscape design.

基于防虫网+的热区豇豆病虫害生态调控策略

豇豆是海南重要冬季瓜菜之一,生产受蓟马、斑潜蝇和枯萎病危害严重。目前海南豇豆病虫害防控主要依赖于化学农药,使得蓟马等抗性增强、农药残留超标,当地环境生物多样性受影响。对海南豇豆病虫害的现状及其防控中技术单一、滥用农药等问题进行分析,并提出了功能植物的引入、景观设计优化、农业管理的改进以及生物防治与科学用药4项主要生态调控技术,提出了具体的实施方案,为海南豇豆种植业的可持续发展提供科学指导和实践依据。

国家文化公园主体功能区识别路径构建——以长江国家文化公园湖北段为例的实证研究

国家文化公园是国家公园建设模式的重要创新,其主体功能区划定是落实总体建设要求、保障基础工程有效实施的重要基础,但目前仍存在识别路径、技术方法模糊不清的问题。尝试在解读主体功能区内涵的基础上,以系统耦合思维构建“文化生态双维度耦合-保护利用双象限评价-空间功能四分区重构”的主体功能区识别路径,对长江国家文化公园的湖北段进行实证研究。结果表明,主体功能区呈现出以提供基础条件的管控保护区为基底、以文化引领的主题展示区为核心、以文旅融合区和传统利用区为外延圈层的空间分布特征,与大运河国家文化公园主体功能区布局模式相符。期望在丰富国家文化公园理论研究的同时,助力长江国家文化公园的科学布局与规划编制。

基于多模型和权衡矩阵法的乡村生态-游憩景观安全格局重构

【目的】乡村旅游地的突出矛盾是人类旅游活动对生态环境的干扰,景观规划时需要权衡游憩功能与生态功能。探究乡村生态-游憩景观安全格局(landscape security pattern, LSP)重构路径,旨在促进乡村旅游与生态环境和谐、可持续发展,为乡村旅游地景观规划提供参考思路。【方法】以江苏省无锡市马山为例,综合运用InVEST、ArcSWAT、最小累积阻力(minimum cumulative resistance, MCR)多模型,分别模拟生态、游憩空间格局以及生态、游憩廊道,并划分景观单元;基于“权衡矩阵法”,比较各单元生态、游憩功能重要性,实现景观功能分区,识别权衡问题突出的区域及战略点,进而为各类景观功能区提出针对性的规划、建设及管控策略。【结果】将马山景观功能区划分为生态核心区、生态重要区、生态-游憩重点权衡区、生态-游憩次级权衡区、游憩核心区、游憩重要区、游憩协调区及弹性发展区8类,构建生态-游憩景观网络并识别出32处战略点。【结论】重构乡村生态-游憩LSP有利于区分不同类型景观功能区的建设侧重点与优先级,科学、精细化地管理、利用乡村景观资源,促进多功能景观的协调与增效。

基于功能连接度的城市生态廊道空间范围划定研究

如何科学确定城市生态廊道空间范围是城乡规划和风景园林领域最为关心的问题之一。基于电路理论模型量化源地间物种转移廊道的功能连接度,引入经济学“效益成本比”思想构建城市生态廊道空间范围划定模型,提取生态廊道功能连接度效益成本比的拐点作为该条廊道规划建设的参照宽度。结果显示:(1)研究区共识别59个30hm^(2)以上的生态源地,其中大型生态源地多处在研究区外围,景观阻力面空间分布特征具有明显地“核心-边缘”特征;(2)基于最小成本路径模型与电路理论提取出126条生态廊道,并识别了重要生态源地、夹点及障碍点,发现障碍点与夹点空间存在明显拮抗关系;(3)整合电路理论(Circuitscape平台Pairwise模式)与分段线性回归模型划定研究区城市生态廊道的参考宽度范围处于60.27~371.83m,并对比了现有功能连接度量化方法对廊道参照宽度有潜在影响。以上研究结论可为今后城市乃至区域生态网络构建提供科学借鉴。

四川天府新区BGI复合功能空间分异特征及其景观格局驱动机制研究

蓝绿基础设施(Blue-Green Infrastructure, BGI)是实现适应气候变化战略目标的重要工具.研究BGI景观格局和功能的空间关系,旨在为城市气候适应性建设提供依据.以四川天府新区(含协调管控区)为例,基于遥感影像数据,从气候适应性视角出发,进行BGI复合功能评价和空间分异特征分析,并运用地理探测器进一步揭示景观格局主要驱动因子及驱动机制.结果表明:(1)复合功能等级整体呈现从龙泉山脉向东西两侧递减趋势,高服务功能集中分布在龙泉山脉、彭祖山景区和三岔湖景区东南方向的协调管控区域.(2)复合功能等级空间分布格局整体呈显著空间正向自相关关系,具有显著高高(HH)、低低(LL)、高低(HL)聚集特征.(3)景观组成类型、网络结构要素类型、斑块密度指数(PD)和面积加权平均形状指数(AWMSI)是复合功能空间分异的主要驱动因子;景观组成类型、网络结构要素类型是复合功能空间分异的主要交互驱动因子.研究探明了景观格局对BGI复合功能空间分异的驱动机制,可用于指导研究区城市气候适应性建设.

洞庭湖流域生态状况时空分异及影响因素

掌握生态状况时空特征及影响因素,是国土空间的优化和生态功能的提升的关键。目前研究大多侧重于生态系统结构或功能的单一变化,尚未综合考虑人为干扰因素,导致生态修复分区以单一生境或要素的修复为主,无法较好地解决人地关系矛盾。以洞庭湖流域作为研究区域,利用景观格局指数、InVEST模型分析了2000年和2018年景观分布特征和生态系统服务,运用模糊推理算法探究2000—2018年洞庭湖流域生态状况特征,基于此揭示人类-自然因素对生态状况的影响。结果表明:(1)洞庭湖流域整体景观更加破碎化,景观形状趋于复杂,聚集程度不断下降,景观类型更加离散。(2)研究期间,食物供给服务呈现稳定上升的趋势,生境质量服务和碳储量服务总体呈下降趋势。(3)洞庭湖流域生态状况整体转好,生态指数上升区域(74%)明显大于下降区域(26%)。生态系统退化区域主要分布在人口较为密集、城市化水平较高的城镇地区,而生态恢复区域多分布在远离各城市中心的山地丘陵区域。(4)洞庭湖地区各影响因素对生态系统退化的影响显著性最高的地区主要分布在生态系统退化的高值区和人类活动强度较为集中的地区,具有显著影响的地区重心逐渐由西部转移到东部。其中,人口密度、GDP、路网密度和夜间灯光指数对洞庭湖地区的生态系统退化主要表现为负相关关系。坡度、降水量和日照时数对生态系统退化产生的正向影响呈逐渐增强的趋势。本研究利用模糊推理方法计算出洞庭湖流域的生态指数,从而识别出生态退化区域,并揭示了其影响因素,为区域生态保护修复规划提供了科学依据。

基于城市职能的明清金州古城景观格局之发展演变研究

金州古城地处辽东边陲,其城市平面和功能布局既受到军事防御功能的影响,又体现出儒家礼制的特征。古城空间格局在明代已初具规模,又经清代的建设与发展,形成了较为成熟的城市功能和完善的道路体系。将历经时代变迁的金州古城三维城市肌理变化以二维方式来进行体现,通过对明清两代古城空间结构与营建特点的介绍,直观感受城市空间与职能的发展和演变,进而对金州古城空间形态、功能区域以及城市职能转变的推动力进行了解析,并阐释了城市发展的动因。