Analysis of the Impact of Digital Transformation on Non-Financial Performance of Manufacturing Enterprises

As one of the important pillars of China’s national economy,the development of the manufacturing industry has attracted much attention.The manufacturing industry has become a key development area due to its high technology content,capital-intensive,knowledge-intensive,and many more characteristics.With the rapid development of big data information technology,emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence have brought a lot of convenience to people’s lives,and manufacturing enterprises have also realized the importance of reform and innovation,and have begun to carry out digital transformation.Based on the study of the motivation of digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises,this paper explores the transformation path of manufacturing enterprises to meet the needs of social development,and deeply analyzes the impact of digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises on enterprise performance,with a view to improving the unbalanced industrial structure and lagging technological development at the present stage through digital transformation.

Implications of Financial and Non-financial Measures on the Refinement of the Assessments of Audit Risk： An Empirical Investigation

Identifying and assessing audit risk is a key part of the audit process. Prior research documented that auditors primarily look at financial data, information, and measures when assessing the audit risk for an audit engagement. However, professional standard setters, regulators, and academic researchers have discussed the potential for non-financial data, information, and measures to provide a powerful and independent benchmark for evaluating the validity of the numbers of financial statements of an audit client. A field study was conducted in Egypt during the years 2013 and 2014 to explore how auditors perceive and assess audit risk for an audit engagement in the period following the Egyptian revolution of January 25, 2011. The results of the field study indicated that auditors appear not to give sufficient attention to non-financial data, information, and measures when assessing the audit risk during an audit engagement. Auditors seem to rely on financial data, information, and measures when assessing the audit risk of an audit engagement. Furthermore, auditors do not seem to consider the inconsistencies between financial and non-financial data, information, and measures of an audit client as an indicator of the existence of fraud or material misstatements in the financial statements of an audit client.

Cybersecurity and Blockchain Impacts on Value Creation Process:Empirical Evidences From Non-financial Disclosure

As per the current trend,the digital transformation and the elements and technologies associated with it are growing for the better defense of the company itself.As the IR reports are getting common among many in the recent years,this research would be useful to identify the fairness of the company disclosures.For this purpose,this research has adopted a methodology of content analysis focusing on the telecommunication industries that are situated in the different parts of the globe to extract the depth of disclosures made by the sampled industries in the years 2020 and 2021 focusing only on the DT dimensions namely cybersecurity and blockchain.

Study on the Use of Artificial Intelligence for Cybersecurity in Companies: Case of Companies in Burkina Faso

Poorly secured connected objects can compromise the security of an entire company, or even paralyze others. As useful as they are, they can be open doors for computer attacks against the company. To protect themselves, large companies set up expensive infrastructures to analyze the data that circulates inside and outside the company. They install a SOC, a Security Operation Center whose objective is to identify and analyze, using various tools, the level of protection of a company and, if necessary, to alert on vulnerabilities and leaks of security data. However, the attack detection capabilities of traditional systems are based on a base of known signatures. Problem is that it is increasingly rare to have to face threats whose signature is unknown. Artificial intelligence, on the contrary, does not look for fingerprints in the packets carrying the attack, but rather analyzes how these packets are arranged. The objective of this study is to show that the use of artificial intelligence in companies may be low and to show the positive impacts of its use compared to the traditional system used in companies. We also simulate an attack on a system equipped with artificial intelligence to highlight the advantages of AI in a computer attack. This research is important because it highlights the risks that companies expose themselves to by always remaining secure in their systems based on traditional techniques. The aim of this research is to show the advantages that AI offers on cyber security compared to the traditional security system. The expected result is to show the existing issues regarding the rate of use of AI on cybersecurity in Burkina Faso. .

Urban Expansion and Its Influencing Factors in Natural Wetland Distribution Area in Fuzhou City,China

This paper principally focuses on land use dynamics,urban expansion and underlying driving forces in the Natural Wetland Distribution Area(NWDA)of Fuzhou City in the southeastern China.Based on time series Landsat TM/ETM+imageries and historical data,relationships between urban land expansion and its influencing factors from 1989 to 2009 were analyzed by using an integrated approach of remote sensing(RS)and geographic information system(GIS)techniques.The results showed that built-up land increased from 151.16 km2in 1989 to 383.76 km 2in 2009. Approximately 64.25%of the newly emerging built-up land was converted from cropland(29.47%),forest and shrub (25.78%),water(3.73%),wetland(4.61%),and bare land(0.66%)during 1989 and 2009.With a remarkable decrease in cropland,the proportion of non-agricultural population increased by 23.6%.Moreover,rapid development of infrastructures,facilities,industrial parks,and urban and rural settlements along the Minjiang River resulted in the eastward and southward expansion of built-up land.Additionally,the growth pattern of built-up land in the NWDA is highly correlated with socio-economic factors,including the gross domestic product(GDP),GDP per capita,and structure of industry.As a result,the observed environmental degradation such as loss of cropland and wetland due to heavy pressure of rapid urbanization have greatly impaired the carrying capacity of city.Thus,in addition to scientific and rational policies towards minimizing the adverse effects of urbanization,coordination between the administrative agencies should be urgently strengthened to balance the conflicts between urban development and ecological conservation to make sure the sustainable land use.

Security Model for Analyzing Data Privacy in Multipath Transport

In order to investigate the enhancement of data privacy by distributing data packets via multiple paths, this paper fommlates a security model and analyzes the privacy problem in mul- tipath scenarios leveraging inforrmtion theoretic concept. Based on proposed model, a privacy function related to the path number is discussed. We heuristically recommend the optin^al path num- ber and analyze the tradeoff among the perform- ance, resource consumption and privacy. For re- ducing the inforlmtion leakage, the data schedule algorithms are also proposed. The analytical model can provide guidelines for the multipath protocol design.

Does the social security fund help non-financial enterprises to transform from the virtual to the real?

At its 19th National Congress,the Communist Party of China vowed to“strengthen the financial sector’s ability to serve the real economy.”However,many studies provide evidence of the opposite trend,a problematic“transition from the real to the virtual,”among Chinese enterprises.Meanwhile,the investment efficiency of China’s Social Security Fund(SSF),a public fund,attracts much attention.In this context,we use A-share listed companies in China from2009 to 2018 to study the relationship between holding by the SSF and enterprise financialization.We find that SSF holding significantly inhibits financialization and that this effect is non-linear.Mechanism analysis indicates that SSF holding suppresses enterprises’financialization mainly by improving their governance.Moreover,SSF holding more strongly inhibits small-scale(vs.large-scale),state-owned(vs.non-state-owned),and non-eastern(vs.eastern)enterprises in China.Furthermore,SSF holding can alleviate corporate value impairment caused by financialization.The conclusions enrich theoretical research and provide empirical evidence that may help regulatory authorities to guide investment by enterprises and prevent financial risks.

Adaptive Short-Time Fractional Fourier Transform Based on Minimum Information Entropy

Traditional short-time fractional Fourier transform(STFrFT)has a single and fixed window function,which can not be adjusted adaptively according to the characteristics of fre-quency and frequency change rate.In order to overcome the shortcomings,the STFrFT method with adaptive window function is proposed.In this method,the window function of STFrFT is ad-aptively adjusted by establishing a library containing multiple window functions and taking the minimum information entropy as the criterion,so as to obtain a time-frequency distribution that better matches the desired signal.This method takes into account the time-frequency resolution characteristics of STFrFT and the excellent characteristics of adaptive adjustment to window func-tion,improves the time-frequency aggregation on the basis of eliminating cross term interference,and provides a new tool for improving the time-frequency analysis ability of complex modulated sig-nals.

从中西文化背景差异谈英语习语的理解与翻译

英语习语是英语学习的一个十分重要的方面,区分外国人和英语本民族人的一个指标就是看他讲的英语是否地道,而地道与否要看其习语使用多少,是否准确、恰当。从广义上讲,它包括习惯用法、成语、谚语、俗语甚至口语,笔者便是从广义上探讨这个问题的。由于中西文化、历史、地理及心理、风俗、习惯等方面存在诸多的差异,很容易造成理解上的偏差和歧义。本文从中西文化背景差异上谈谈英语习语的理解与翻译。

Analysis of optical emission spectroscopy data during silicon etching in SF_(6)/O_(2)/Ar plasma

Silicon etching is an essential process in various applications,and a major challenge for etching process is anisotropic high aspect ratio etching characteristics.The etch profile is determined by the plasma parameters and process parameters.In this study,the plasma state with each process parameters were analyzed through the optical emission spectroscopy(OES)plasma diagnostic sensor by both chemical and physical approaches.Electron temperature and electron density were additionally acquired using the corona model with OES data that provides chemical species information,and the etch profile was evaluated through scanning electron microscope measurement data.The results include changes in profile with gas ratio,bias power,and pressure.We figure out that factors like ion energy and ion angular distribution as well as chemical reaction affect the anisotropic profile.

Is Microfinance Beneficial or Opportunistic?

Microfinance has been established targeting access to finance for poor people who are screened out from getting loans from formal financial institutions due to lack of collateral and low creditworthiness.There has undergone a tremendous transformation in all aspects of microfinance,including outreach and portfolio size,proliferation of microfinance through a large number of microfinance institutions,diversification of services,new regulatory regime,contribution in rural development,recognition of microfinance as a major contributor in poverty reduction,etc.However,the microfinance sector is facing many challenges regarding institutional capacity,quality,and diversity of services,fallout from political and macroeconomic factors,replication of agricultural credit,and so forth.The objective of this article is to find out whether microfinance has impact on poverty reduction and economic development at all.

Determinants of international joint venture performance measurement： A theoretical framework

International joint ventures （IJVs） have increasingly their role in business world and also in research field of international business. There have been a lot of studies related to determinant factors of IJV performance. However, there are very few studies focusing on the measurement of I Jr performance. Especially, researchers have ignored how foreign parent firms really choose their measures in the evaluation of their IJV performance. This research investigates determinant factors of performance measures of 1JVs. Determinant factors of IJV performance measures include motives for establishment, establishment mode, location of IJVs, distribution of ownership in IJVs, cultural background of parent firms, and trust between partners, IJV life stages, parent firms＇ international experience, and relatedness of the IJVs to their parents. Performance measures are divided into financial measures and non-financial measures. The paper shows how different determinant factors are expected to lead foreign parent firms preferring one kind of measure over the other.

Joseph Hardy Ltd.： Internal Audit for Performance Improvement

This paper features a case study, which looks at the use of financial and non-financial indicators （NFIs） of performance in the monitoring of a production process. It highlights the apparent deficiencies in the use of some indicators and provides opportunities for the implementation of preferred alternatives and for improvements in the organization and evaluation of the production process.

Behavioral Aspects in Obligatory Reports of Public Hospitals in Poland

The health care sector is the most difficult one to manage and control. Special units in this field are public hospitals which are required to prepare a lot of reports to various institutions, including the ownership body. The paper focuses on two issues. The first is the presence of behavioral factors in the reporting of public hospitals in Poland to the ownership bodies. This article aims to indicate the thematic areas of specific reports, most affected by behavioral factors and explain the causes and consequences of their occurrence. The second issue is the analysis of the legal status of obligatory reporting of public hospitals. Participants of the conducted research, due to their specific ownership and political and social position, were public hospitals in Poland. The paper uses the research methods of the meta-analysis of the literature, legal acts in Poland and empirical materials, and also the methods of synthesis, observation, and deduction. Data analysis focused on specific sample of reports issued by Polish public hospitals for their ownership body. The research shows that hospitals draw up a tremendous number of often thematically overlapping and redundant reports addressed to different institutions in different time periods. It is a consequence of legal regulations failing to streamline the reporting of the health care sector institutions, in particular public hospitals. The paper points to the large number of legal instruments that contain imprecise requirements resulting from the complex and obscure forms of control of public funds allocation in this sector. There are many behavioral factors that shape some fields of public hospitals＇ reports, for example, interpersonal relationships, egoism, private financial interests, strengthening of the employment status and professional position, and professional competences. There is considerable freedom in the reporting process fulfilled by public hospitals in Poland for their ownership body. It causes strong consequences, like poor-quality data, duplication of information, and its chaos, as well as high costs of obtaining information. Reporting system of financial and non-financial data of public hospitals in Poland is dysfunctional.

Multi-Objective Incomplete Probability Information Optimization Reliability Design Based on Ant Colony Algorithm

In view of incomplete probability information multi-objective question, it used probabilistic perturbation method and Edgeworth series technique to study reliability optimization design. The first four moments of basic random variables are known under condition. It used the Ant Colony Algorithm to design cutting head roadheader, the optimized result indicated that cutting head load fluctuation and compared energy consumption were reduced obviously at the same time. This result enhanced roadheader operational reliability and energy effectively.

Evaluation of Sustainability Reporting Practices in Turkey

The purpose of the present study is to determine the reflection of sustainability reporting （SR）, which gained momentum considerably during the recent years, on the organizations that are active in Turkey. Turkish businesses that carried out SR during January 1, 2005 and June 1, 2015 were included in the study. Altogether, 186 sustainability reports containing 6,240 pages of a total of 80 businesses were examined. Data obtained from these reports were classified into various categories. According to the results, it was determined that 84% of the reporting businesses reported according to Global Reporting Initiative （GRI） principles and preferred G3 framework （40%）; and the maximum number of reporting was published in 2014. The present study is the first research article including all businesses making SR in Turkey with all details.

THE PROBABILITY HYPOTHESIS DENSITY FILTER WITH EVIDENCE FUSION

The original Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) filter is a tractable algorithm for Multi-Target Tracking (MTT) in Random Finite Set (RFS) frameworks. In this paper,we introduce a novel Evidence PHD (E-PHD) filter which combines the Dempster-Shafer (DS) evidence theory. The proposed filter can deal with the uncertain information,thus it forms target track. We mainly discusses the E-PHD filter under the condition of linear Gaussian. Research shows that the E-PHD filter has an analytic form of Evidence Gaussian Mixture PHD (E-GMPHD). The final experiment shows that the proposed E-GMPHD filter can derive the target identity,state,and number effectively.

How Do Investors Evaluate Business Continuity Management （BCM） Disclosures in Emergency Situations？ Evidence From the Great East Japan Earthquake

This study examines economic effects of business continuity management （BCM） disclosures through analyzing changes in shareholder returns in the wake of the Great East Japan Earthquake. The author examined differences in the recovery of share price between disclosing and non-disclosing corporations. The results show that the cumulative average abnormal returns （CAARs） of disclosing corporations recovered faster than non-disclosing corporations. Then, the author examined differences in the recovery of share price between developing and non-developing corporations. The results show that there is no statistically significant difference in the recovery of share price between developing and non-developing corporations. Finally, the author examined the differences of BCM between disclosing and non-disclosing corporations. The results suggest that BCM or business continuity plan （BCP） disclosing corporations have a broader coverage of the BCP, more appropriate procedures for responding to emergency situations, more effective training of the BCM, and more mature BCM systems than non-disclosing ones.

Unconditional conservatism under the Chinese version of IFRS

This study explores the level of unconditional conservatism(UNCC)in accounting after China’s convergence with International Financial Reporting Standards(IFRS).Using the intercept of the Basu(1997)model,an overall reduction is found in UNCC under the Chinese version of IFRS.This study is the first attempt to conduct a comprehensive theoretical comparison between old and new Chinese accounting standards(CAS)in terms of UNCC.Additionally,it is the first study on the impact of convergence with IFRS,not the full adoption of IFRS,on UNCC.Finally,the study covers a relatively more extended period than most previous studies,from 1996 to 2017.

Stakeholder responses to mandating environmental,social and governance reporting in Hong Kong China

We examine stakeholders’comment letters regarding the Hong Kong China Exchange’s(HKEX)2015 Consultation Paper,which proposed mandating ESG reporting in Hong Kong China.We test for significant differences in responses between stakeholder groups and whether the HKEX’s decision was consistent with stakeholders’preferences in the consultation process.Examining comment letters submitted by six lobbying groups—preparers,investors,the accounting profession,NGOs,other institutions and individuals—we analyze survey responses using textual analysis software and statistical tests.We find that users and the accounting profession participated more than preparers.We also find that preparers and users took different positions on mandating ESG reporting when lobbying the HKEX,whereas preparers and the accounting profession advocated similar positions.Moreover,we find a significant association between stakeholder groups’preferences and the HKEX’s decision on most proposed changes.