Effects of Different Plant Hormones for Microbial Degradation of PASHs and Diesel under Aerobic Conditions

The effects of plant hormones for biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles(PASHs)and diesel fuel were studied.Indole butyric acid(IBA)and gibberellin were found to promote biodegradation of DBT and diesel,respectively.Concentrations of plant hormones,pH,temperature,soil moisture and substrate concentrations were optimized in microbial metabolic processes.Two main factors including temperature and IBA concentration were determined by factor analysis in DBT biodegradation.And soil moisture and diesel concentration were important factors in diesel biodegradation.Binding sites between cell surface and DBT or diesel components were performed by molecular operating environment(MOE).This study suggested that plant hormones could be applied to effectively remove pollutants in environment.

Application of bacteria-plant association in bio-degradation of diesel oil pollutants in soil

The bacteria and plants were associated to remove diesel oil pollutants from soil.Three efficiently degrading bacteria(named strains Q10,Q14 and Q18,respectively) were isolated.Two plants(alfalfa and Indian mustard) were selected to form the association.Biodegradation of diesel oil pollutants in soil was accelerated by bacteria-plants association.The main results are summarized as follows.The plants-bacteria association was more effective in biodegradation of diesel oil pollutants in soil than in respective experiments carried out with plants or bacteria alone.Strain Q18-Indian mustard association resulted in the maximum diesel oil reduction(69.18%).The activities of catalase and polyphenol oxidase in soil were enhanced and microbial populations in soil,especially in rhizosphere,were also stimulated in the treatment of bacteria-plant association.Overall,the soil conditions might be improved by alfalfa or Indian mustard to benefit the growth of bacteria,which resulted in degradation of diesel oil pollutants more effective by the bacteria-plant association.The bacteria-plants association may be a better approach to the removal of diesel oil pollutants from soil.

Stability Enhancement of Small-Scale Power Grid with Renewable Power Sources by Variable Speed Diesel Power Plant

This paper proposes a power control method to improve a stability of a small-scale power grid with renewable energy sources. In an isolated small- scale power grid such as an island, diesel power plant is main power source which has an environmental burden and expensive running cost due to high priced fossil fuel. Thus, expanding installation of the renewable energy sources such as a wind power is strongly desirable. Such fluctuating energy sources, however, harm power quality of the small-scale power grid, and in addition, conventional power plant in the small-scale power grid cannot, in general, stabilize the grid system with such fluctuating power sources. In this study, Variable Speed Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (VS-DFIG) is proposed to be in-stalled at a diesel power plant instead of a conventional Fixed Speed Synchronous Generator (FS-SG), because quick control of a power balance in the small-scale power grid can be achieved by using the inertial energy of VS-DFIG. In addition, utilization of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is also considered to assist cooperatively the VS-DFIG control. As a result of the simulation analysis by using the proposed method, it is verified that frequency fluctuations due to renewable energy source can be effectively reduced by quick power control of the VS-DFIG compared to the conventional FS-SG, and further control ability can be obtained by utilizing BESS. Moreover, the transient stability of a small-scale power grid during a grid fault can also be enhanced.

A method of parsing based on improving the electricity behavior and regulating excitation system of the diesel generating set in the nuclear power plant

This paper introduces an applicable test plan for emergency diesel generator in nuclear power plant. It advances improvement approaches with problems found during field commissioning test and its trouble-shooting processes. The method is based on the integration of complementary through, the extension theory of matter-element model and neural network theory combine to overcome a neural network to learn shelters, and other defects. The purpose of this paper is to provide the better running and commissioning experience for the similar emergency generator unit.

Overview of Past, Present and Future Marine Power Plants

In efforts to overcome an foreseeable energy crisis predicated on limited oil and gas supplies, reserves; economic variations facing the world, and of course the environmental side effects of fossil fuels, an urgent need for energy sources that provide sustainable, safe and economic supplies for the world is imperative. The current fossil fuel energy system must be improved to ensure a better and cleaner transportation future for the world. Despite the fact that the marine transportation sector consumes only 5% of global petroleum production; it is responsible for 15% of the world NOx and SOx emissions. These figures must be the engine that powers the scientific research worldwide to develop new solutions for a very old energy problem. In this paper, the most effective types of marine power plants were discussed. The history of the development of each type was presented first and the technical aspects were discussed second. Also, the fuel ceils as a new type of power plants used in marine sector were briefed to give a complete overview of the past, present and future of the marine power plants development. Based on the increased worldwide concerns regarding harmful emissions, many researchers have introduced solutions to this problem, including the adoption of new cleaner fuels. This paper was guided using the same trend and by implementing the hydrogen as fuel for marine internal combustion engine, gas turbines, and fuel cells.

军用舰船动力装置技术应用现状及未来趋势展望

以动力装置对军用舰船的影响作为切入点,概要介绍舰船动力装置的定义及相关技术要求,并对柴油机、汽轮机、燃气轮机等几类常见动力装置的技术特点及应用现状进行重点研究,随后对相关动力装置的当前主要技术问题进行详尽阐述。最后,对上述舰船动力装置的未来发展趋势及相关技术研发策略开展重点研究。就目前而言。柴油机是中、小型舰船(涵盖各类水面舰船与潜艇)和军辅船的重点发展方向;燃料电池与斯特林发动机是常规潜艇不依赖空气的推进(AIP)系统的重点发展方向;汽轮机和燃气轮机是大、中型水面舰船动力装置的重点发展方向;核动力装置则是航空母舰与核潜艇的重点发展方向。考虑到国际局势的风云变幻,针对动力装置的设计、研发、制造与优化能进一步提升舰船的整体性能,为我国的海防事业作出不可磨灭的贡献。

核电厂应急柴油发电机状态监测和故障诊断系统研究

核电厂应急柴油发电机状态监测和故障诊断系统作为核电厂应急柴油发电机可靠性提升的最优方案,得到了核电行业专家高度认可,但因其系统复杂性,目前没有一款成熟产品面世。本文针对核电应急柴油发电机特殊环境和功能要求,以解决柴油发电机启动成功率要求高和有效避免重大设备灾难性损坏问题为目标,从状态监测、故障诊断、健康评估三个方面阐述了核电站应急柴油发电机状态监测和故障诊断系统的开发需求,并以柴油发电机仿真模型建立和验证为基础,分析了状态监测系统研发中定期试验、启停模块、带卸载模块,以及故障诊断中热力参数模块、往复运动模块、振动模块的关键点。希望本文能够为核电厂应急柴油发电机状态监测和故障诊断系统开发提供借鉴参考。

矿区火电厂后备柴油发电机监控系统的设计与优化

矿区火电厂的生产环境复杂,一旦主电源出现故障,可能导致生产停滞、设备损坏甚至安全事故。因此,为保证稳定的电力供应,保护矿区生产和人员安全,有必要优化设计应用后备柴油发电机监控系统,在紧急情况下迅速启动,为关键设备提供电力,确保生产的连续性和安全性。鉴于此,本文分析了矿区柴油发电机的监控系统应用现状,明确柴油发电机组系统组成,而后就监控系统设计基本要求,以及监控系统设计结构及控制方法展开探讨,对该系统监控功能的具体实现进行分析,以期为更多矿区火电厂正常运行提供安全保障和支持。

某核电工程SBO柴油发电机组设备鉴定方案研究

全厂断电(Station Block Out,SBO)柴油发电机组在全厂断电事故工况下,除作为水压试验泵的电源外,还为主控室和重要机柜间通风系统、安全壳环形空间通风系统、主泵相关电动阀门及非能动专用电源系统供电,保证控制室某些指示仪正常工作,并使单元机组运行必需的控制器可用,是核电厂的最后一道安全电源防线,其重要性不言而喻。为了确保设备的可靠性,某核电工程SBO柴油发电机组的安全分级为F-SC3(安全重要的非安全设备),且电气设备需要满足K3类鉴定要求。基于此,对某核电工程SBO柴油发电机组的鉴定要求和项目实施方案进行研究。

核电厂应急柴油发电机组调速系统故障分析

核电厂应急柴油发电机组调速系统作为安全级应急电源的频率控制系统的核心部分,对柴油发电机组的转速、功率等参数进行控制,确保其稳定运行和相应安全功能的执行至关重要。本文以某核电厂的应急柴油发电机组调速系统为例,结合典型的故障案例,对调速系统的功能定位、控制原理、工作模式等进行分析,并提出了合理可行的解决方案,同时可以为同类核电及其他发电项目提供参考。

加氢裂化装置处理催化柴油工业实践

为适应炼油行业油品结构调整的趋势,降低企业柴汽比,提高企业市场竞争力,某炼化企业尝试通过少量改造,利用中国石化(大连)石油化工研究院有限公司开发的催化柴油选择性加氢转化技术(FD2G),在高压蜡油加氢裂化装置加工高芳烃含量的劣质催化柴油。生产出硫含量<0.50 mg/kg,氮含量<0.5 mg/kg,研究法辛烷值在92.5以上的高辛烷值清洁汽油调和组分以及硫含量<10.00 mg/kg,十六烷值与原料催化柴油相比增加10个单位的清洁柴油调和组分。

舰用柴油机技术特点及未来发展趋势研究

介绍柴油机的技术特点及其在舰船中的应用,详细阐述其优势、劣势与动力型式。重点阐述不同舰船对柴油机的技术特点要求,重点对其舰用柴油机未来发展趋势及当前动向进行展望。随着技术的逐步完善,柴油机将在军用舰船上发挥更重要的作用。

水翼船动力装置技术特点及未来发展趋势研究

本文介绍了水翼船的技术特点及我国水翼船行业的发展,以船舶动力装置为论题切入点,阐明了蒸汽机、汽轮机、汽油机、柴油机、燃气轮机、核动力装置及联合动力装置的技术特点,重点对柴油机及燃气轮机两类动力装置在水翼船领域的应用及发展进行了研究。柴油机具有较高的经济性及技术成熟度,曾长期在水翼船动力领域占据重要地位,但考虑到当前水翼船动力性及轻量化等方面的特性要求,航空改型燃气轮机目前在水翼船上有着更好的应用前景。

柴油加氢改质装置高分能量透平机封泄漏技改分析

柴油加氢改质装置进料泵为装置重点泵,采用了BB5型离心泵,主泵由高压电机及高分能量透平作为驱动力,运行中通过对热高分液富余压力能驱动透平,分担了主电机部分功率,做到节能降耗功效,本文通过对透平驱动端密封失效原因进行大量分析研究,改进了密封面配置结构,重新调整密封隔离液压力,经过技术改造,现在该高分能量透平泵已满足生产,各项指标达到要求,实现了长周期稳定运行。

核电站柴油机机械故障诊断类型与处理措施研究

核电站柴油机在核安全保障方面具有重要作用。它的可靠性直接关系到核电站的整体安全。文章阐述核电站柴油机故障维修的重要性和发电原理,分析核电站某机型柴油机检修过程中常见的缺陷问题,包括安全系统的缺陷、自动化系统故障、柴油机辅助结构故障、主机故障、冷却管路故障等,并提出相应的解决对策,对于提高核电站柴油机的安全性和可靠性具有重要意义。

某核电站应急柴油发电机散热系统问题研究及改进

某核电站应急柴油发电机实际运行定子温升超过其设计标准,长时间运行可能导致绝缘性能下降引发重大故障。本文对该应急柴油发电机散热系统问题分析,研究处理方案,为该设备的设计制造、运行维护方面提供经验借鉴。

沪苏皖主要非粮生物柴油能源植物资源的调查与含油量分析

通过对沪苏皖三地非粮生物柴油能源植物的调查及种子含油量的测定,初步了解了沪苏皖现有非粮生物柴油能源植物的资源特点和分布状况.结果显示:沪苏皖三地非粮生物柴油能源植物含油量在10%以上的有59科123属151种.其中高含油量(50%以上)的能源植物主要包括樟科的江浙山胡椒Lindera chienii、狭叶山胡椒L.angustifolia和红脉钓樟L.rubronervia,卫矛科的白杜Euonymus maackii,大戟科的油桐Vernicia fordi、蓖麻Ricinus communis和山茶科的油茶Camellia oleifera等.调查发现目前只有大戟科的乌桕Triadica sebifera被有效开发利用,山茶科的油茶和大戟科的油桐较少利用,山茶科的茶C.sinensis广泛种植但种子却没有被利用.最后,本文针对沪苏皖非粮生物柴油能源植物的资源状况与分布特点及其开发潜力提出了对应的建议.

中国生物质能源与生物质利用现状与展望

分析了生物质能源与生物质利用在解决我国面临的能源危机、三农问题、环境问题上的作用,以及其在可持续发展和循环经济中的地位。总结国内外生物质能源和利用的现状,阐述了我国未来生物能源和生物质利用的发展方向和目标,展望和预测了生物质能源与生物质利用的途径,并对生物质产业发展的组织形式提出建议。

柴油超深度加氢脱硫(RTS)技术开发

通过分析影响柴油超深度脱硫的主要因素,开发了柴油超深度加氢脱硫(RTS)工艺,并进行了RTS技术生产超低硫柴油工艺的中型试验研究。结果表明,采用RTS技术,通过工艺流程和操作条件优化,对以高硫直馏柴油为主的原料,可在比常规加氢精制工艺高50%以上的空速下生产出硫质量分数小于50μg/g、甚至小于10g/μg的超低硫柴油产品。RTS技术稳定性试验结果表明,RTS技术可以满足工业装置长周期运转的需要。

植物炭材料的柴油吸附性能

对炭化玉米秆、炭化油菜杆和炭化竹子杆对柴油的吸附性能进行了试验研究．试验发现，3种植物炭材料都具有一定的吸油能力，其中炭化玉米秆吸油性能最佳．用扫描电镜、压汞和N2吸附方法，检测了3种植物炭材料的孔径大小、分布和比表面积．中大孔径（500-7500nm）的植物炭材料改善了毛细作用，对柴油的吸附性能较好．吸油率与比表面积之间没有明显的相关性．对于液相吸附，比表面积的影响可以忽略．