Cancer has become the first leading cause of death in the world, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Facing the increasing trend of cancer incidence and mortality, China issued and implemented "three-ea...Cancer has become the first leading cause of death in the world, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Facing the increasing trend of cancer incidence and mortality, China issued and implemented "three-early(early prevention, early diagnosis and early treatment)" national cancer prevention plan. As the main body and dependence of social governance, non-governmental organizations(NGOs) take over the role of government in the field of cancer prevention and treatment. American Cancer Society(ACS) made a research on cancer NGOs and civil society in cancer control and found that cancer NGOs in developing countries mobilize civil society to work together and advocate governments in their countries to develop policies to address the growing cancer burden. Union for International Cancer Control(UICC), Cancer Council Australia(CCA), and Malaysian cancer NGOs are the representatives of cancer NGOs in promoting cancer control. Selecting Chinese Anti-Cancer Association(CACA) as an example in China, this article is to investigate how NGOs undertake systematic cancer prevention work in China. By conducting real case study, we found that, as a NGO, CACA plays a significant role in intensifying the leading role of government in cancer control, optimizing cancer outcomes, decreasing cancer incidence and mortality rates and improving public health.展开更多
Based on the development of the non-governmental enterprises of science and technology in the past twenty years, this paper applied an interpretive structure model (ISM) to make a research on the regular development p...Based on the development of the non-governmental enterprises of science and technology in the past twenty years, this paper applied an interpretive structure model (ISM) to make a research on the regular development pattern of these enterprises and to probe into the interior development mechanism theoretically. The studying results supply ideas underlying the scientific decision for the governments at all levels and show the direction of the development of the non-governmental enterprises of science and technology in the future.展开更多
Watermelon is a highly cultivated fruit crop renowned for its quality properties of fruit flesh.Among various quality factors,fruit flesh firmness is a crucial quality parameter influencing the fruit texture,shelf lif...Watermelon is a highly cultivated fruit crop renowned for its quality properties of fruit flesh.Among various quality factors,fruit flesh firmness is a crucial quality parameter influencing the fruit texture,shelf life and its commercial value.The auxin/indole-3-acetic acid(Aux/IAA)plays a significant role in fruit development and ripening of non-climacteric fruits.However,the regulatory mechanism of Aux/IAA in controlling fruit flesh firmness and ripening in watermelon remains unknown.In this study,we employed an integrative approach combining genome-wide association study(GWAS)and bulked segregant RNA-Seq analysis(BSR-Seq)to identify an overlapping candidate region between 12776310 and 12968331 bp on chromosome 6,underlying an auxin-responsive gene(Aux/IAA)associated with flesh firmness in watermelon.Transcriptome analysis,followed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR),confirmed that the expression of Aux/IAA was consistently higher in fruits with high flesh firmness.The sequence alignment revealed a single base mutation in the coding region of Aux/IAA.Furthermore,the concomitant Kompetitive/Competitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)genotyping data sets for F2 population and germplasm accessions identified Aux/IAA as a strong candidate gene associated with flesh firmness.Aux/IAA was enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway,involving cell enlargement and leading to low flesh firmness.We determined the higher accumulation of abscisic acid(ABA)in fruits with low flesh firmness than hard flesh.Moreover,overexpression of Aux/IAA induced higher flesh firmness with an increased number of fruit flesh cells while reducing ABA content and flesh cell sizes.Additionally,the allelic variation in Aux/IAA for soft flesh firmness was found to exist in Citrullus mucosospermus and gradually fixed into Citrullus lanatus during domestication,indicating that soft flesh firmness was a domesticated trait.These findings significantly enhanced our understanding of watermelon fruit flesh firmness and consequently the watermelon fruit quality.展开更多
This paper reviews the achievements of some typical non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in reducing black carbon emissions from shipping which enjoy the consultative status offered by the International Maritime Or...This paper reviews the achievements of some typical non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in reducing black carbon emissions from shipping which enjoy the consultative status offered by the International Maritime Organization. It discusses the roles of the specific NGOs in dealing with black carbon in the Arctic region from the perspective of global governance to gain insights to guide our involvements in the Arctic affairs and shipping in the region by taking the advantages of NGOs' influence on the proceedings of international negotiations, our national policy development, the improvement of industrial practices and public perceptions.展开更多
Chen Haosu, president of the Chinese People’s Association For Friendship With Foreign Countries (AFFWFC) was interviewed with a Xinhua News Agency reporter and said, the people-to-people diplomacy, as an integral par...Chen Haosu, president of the Chinese People’s Association For Friendship With Foreign Countries (AFFWFC) was interviewed with a Xinhua News Agency reporter and said, the people-to-people diplomacy, as an integral part of the state’s diplomacy, had satisfactorily developed in the year 2001 with greater success in friendly transactions.展开更多
Civil society is the'third sector'of society,along with government and business.It comprises civil society organizations and non-governmental organizations.The UN recognizes the importance of par tnering with ...Civil society is the'third sector'of society,along with government and business.It comprises civil society organizations and non-governmental organizations.The UN recognizes the importance of par tnering with civil society,because it advances the Organization’s ideals,and helps support its work.展开更多
It has always been one of its major tasks for CAFIU to conduct non-governmental exchanges and contacts with European countries since CAFIU was founded more than thirty years ago.As in recent years,the China-Europe com...It has always been one of its major tasks for CAFIU to conduct non-governmental exchanges and contacts with European countries since CAFIU was founded more than thirty years ago.As in recent years,the China-Europe comprehensive strategic partnership has continuously deepened with exchanges and cooperation in various areas further展开更多
The integration of global economic and society information makes the traditional education and means of education have been changing for thousands of years, which never appear before. The internationalization of highe...The integration of global economic and society information makes the traditional education and means of education have been changing for thousands of years, which never appear before. The internationalization of higher education has become the true fact. The non-governmental colleges has become the important part of higher education as a new power and abiding by the trend of internationalization of higher education just like the public colleges. Therefore they need to enhance the cultural exchange and cooperation with international universities and orientate their talent training mode in the international competition and even take the charge of flexible operation mechanism to pave the new way for their own characteristics and core competence.展开更多
Motivation is an important factor to English learning,it plays an important role.In this thesis,the instrument used in the study is a questionnaire,and this thesis was conducted on December 5th,2016 at Ningbo Dahongyi...Motivation is an important factor to English learning,it plays an important role.In this thesis,the instrument used in the study is a questionnaire,and this thesis was conducted on December 5th,2016 at Ningbo Dahongying University involving 182 students.Based on the questionnaire investigation,this thesis discusses the learning motivation of English major juniors and seniors in Ningbo Dahongying University from the motivation types,factors and strategies.展开更多
Firms are embedded in complex networks,where diverse ideas combine and generate new ideas.Shareholders of firms are of-ten seen as critical external resources that have significant influence on firm innovation.The cur...Firms are embedded in complex networks,where diverse ideas combine and generate new ideas.Shareholders of firms are of-ten seen as critical external resources that have significant influence on firm innovation.The current literature tends to focus on the rela-tionship between firms and their shareholders,while paying less attention to the connections between firms with the same shareholders.This article identifies two types of network spillover effects,intra-city network effect and inter-city network effect,by visualizing the co-ownership networks in China’s electric vehicle(EV)industry.We find that firms with the same shareholders,which are defined as co-owned EV firms,are more innovative than non-co-owned ones.Furthermore,there are two dominant types of firm co-ownership ties formed by corporate and financial institution shareholders.While corporate shareholders help exploiting local tacit knowledge,financial institutions are more active in bridging inter-city connections.The conclusion is confirmed at both firm and city levels.This paper theor-izes the firm co-ownership network as a new form of institutional proximity and tested the result empirically.For policy consideration,we have emphasized the importance of building formal or informal inter-firm network,and the government should further enhance the knowledge flow channel by institutional construction.展开更多
文摘Cancer has become the first leading cause of death in the world, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Facing the increasing trend of cancer incidence and mortality, China issued and implemented "three-early(early prevention, early diagnosis and early treatment)" national cancer prevention plan. As the main body and dependence of social governance, non-governmental organizations(NGOs) take over the role of government in the field of cancer prevention and treatment. American Cancer Society(ACS) made a research on cancer NGOs and civil society in cancer control and found that cancer NGOs in developing countries mobilize civil society to work together and advocate governments in their countries to develop policies to address the growing cancer burden. Union for International Cancer Control(UICC), Cancer Council Australia(CCA), and Malaysian cancer NGOs are the representatives of cancer NGOs in promoting cancer control. Selecting Chinese Anti-Cancer Association(CACA) as an example in China, this article is to investigate how NGOs undertake systematic cancer prevention work in China. By conducting real case study, we found that, as a NGO, CACA plays a significant role in intensifying the leading role of government in cancer control, optimizing cancer outcomes, decreasing cancer incidence and mortality rates and improving public health.
文摘Based on the development of the non-governmental enterprises of science and technology in the past twenty years, this paper applied an interpretive structure model (ISM) to make a research on the regular development pattern of these enterprises and to probe into the interior development mechanism theoretically. The studying results supply ideas underlying the scientific decision for the governments at all levels and show the direction of the development of the non-governmental enterprises of science and technology in the future.
基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIP-2021-ZFRI)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-25-03)+3 种基金National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31672178 and 31471893)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(Grant No.212300410312)the scientific and technological research in Henan Province(Grant No.202102110398)the key project of the Action of“Rejuvenating Mongolia with Science and Technology”(Grant No.NMKJXM202114).
文摘Watermelon is a highly cultivated fruit crop renowned for its quality properties of fruit flesh.Among various quality factors,fruit flesh firmness is a crucial quality parameter influencing the fruit texture,shelf life and its commercial value.The auxin/indole-3-acetic acid(Aux/IAA)plays a significant role in fruit development and ripening of non-climacteric fruits.However,the regulatory mechanism of Aux/IAA in controlling fruit flesh firmness and ripening in watermelon remains unknown.In this study,we employed an integrative approach combining genome-wide association study(GWAS)and bulked segregant RNA-Seq analysis(BSR-Seq)to identify an overlapping candidate region between 12776310 and 12968331 bp on chromosome 6,underlying an auxin-responsive gene(Aux/IAA)associated with flesh firmness in watermelon.Transcriptome analysis,followed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR),confirmed that the expression of Aux/IAA was consistently higher in fruits with high flesh firmness.The sequence alignment revealed a single base mutation in the coding region of Aux/IAA.Furthermore,the concomitant Kompetitive/Competitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)genotyping data sets for F2 population and germplasm accessions identified Aux/IAA as a strong candidate gene associated with flesh firmness.Aux/IAA was enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway,involving cell enlargement and leading to low flesh firmness.We determined the higher accumulation of abscisic acid(ABA)in fruits with low flesh firmness than hard flesh.Moreover,overexpression of Aux/IAA induced higher flesh firmness with an increased number of fruit flesh cells while reducing ABA content and flesh cell sizes.Additionally,the allelic variation in Aux/IAA for soft flesh firmness was found to exist in Citrullus mucosospermus and gradually fixed into Citrullus lanatus during domestication,indicating that soft flesh firmness was a domesticated trait.These findings significantly enhanced our understanding of watermelon fruit flesh firmness and consequently the watermelon fruit quality.
基金the Polar Research Institute of China for their funding
文摘This paper reviews the achievements of some typical non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in reducing black carbon emissions from shipping which enjoy the consultative status offered by the International Maritime Organization. It discusses the roles of the specific NGOs in dealing with black carbon in the Arctic region from the perspective of global governance to gain insights to guide our involvements in the Arctic affairs and shipping in the region by taking the advantages of NGOs' influence on the proceedings of international negotiations, our national policy development, the improvement of industrial practices and public perceptions.
文摘Chen Haosu, president of the Chinese People’s Association For Friendship With Foreign Countries (AFFWFC) was interviewed with a Xinhua News Agency reporter and said, the people-to-people diplomacy, as an integral part of the state’s diplomacy, had satisfactorily developed in the year 2001 with greater success in friendly transactions.
文摘Civil society is the'third sector'of society,along with government and business.It comprises civil society organizations and non-governmental organizations.The UN recognizes the importance of par tnering with civil society,because it advances the Organization’s ideals,and helps support its work.
文摘It has always been one of its major tasks for CAFIU to conduct non-governmental exchanges and contacts with European countries since CAFIU was founded more than thirty years ago.As in recent years,the China-Europe comprehensive strategic partnership has continuously deepened with exchanges and cooperation in various areas further
文摘The integration of global economic and society information makes the traditional education and means of education have been changing for thousands of years, which never appear before. The internationalization of higher education has become the true fact. The non-governmental colleges has become the important part of higher education as a new power and abiding by the trend of internationalization of higher education just like the public colleges. Therefore they need to enhance the cultural exchange and cooperation with international universities and orientate their talent training mode in the international competition and even take the charge of flexible operation mechanism to pave the new way for their own characteristics and core competence.
文摘Motivation is an important factor to English learning,it plays an important role.In this thesis,the instrument used in the study is a questionnaire,and this thesis was conducted on December 5th,2016 at Ningbo Dahongying University involving 182 students.Based on the questionnaire investigation,this thesis discusses the learning motivation of English major juniors and seniors in Ningbo Dahongying University from the motivation types,factors and strategies.
基金Under the auspices of Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42122006,41971154)。
文摘Firms are embedded in complex networks,where diverse ideas combine and generate new ideas.Shareholders of firms are of-ten seen as critical external resources that have significant influence on firm innovation.The current literature tends to focus on the rela-tionship between firms and their shareholders,while paying less attention to the connections between firms with the same shareholders.This article identifies two types of network spillover effects,intra-city network effect and inter-city network effect,by visualizing the co-ownership networks in China’s electric vehicle(EV)industry.We find that firms with the same shareholders,which are defined as co-owned EV firms,are more innovative than non-co-owned ones.Furthermore,there are two dominant types of firm co-ownership ties formed by corporate and financial institution shareholders.While corporate shareholders help exploiting local tacit knowledge,financial institutions are more active in bridging inter-city connections.The conclusion is confirmed at both firm and city levels.This paper theor-izes the firm co-ownership network as a new form of institutional proximity and tested the result empirically.For policy consideration,we have emphasized the importance of building formal or informal inter-firm network,and the government should further enhance the knowledge flow channel by institutional construction.