Commuting Space of Primary and Secondary Schools in the Context of Child Friendly Cities:A Case Study of Bajiao Street of Shijingshan District

With the continuous promotion of the construction of child friendly cities,the school commuting space is an important component of the construction of child friendly roads.Based on the background of child friendly cities,the commuting space of 11 primary and secondary schools in Bajiao Street is analyzed through literature analysis and field research methods.Firstly,the relevant literature on school commuting space is sorted out,and the characteristics of school commuting space are summarized,including transportation,landscape,culture,leisure,and security.Secondly,the characteristics of commuting space of primary and secondary schools in Bajiao Street are analyzed from three aspects:in front of the school gate,path space,and node space.This paper aims to provide reference and guidance for the future construction of children’s walking school commuting and promote the construction of a child friendly city.

Disruption of sleep patterns among secondary school adolescents

Objectives:This study aims to assess sleep disorders among secondary school adolescents and explore the relationship between sociodemographic factors(age,gender,household income,and sleep duration)and the occurrence of these disorders.Methods:A quantitative,descriptive,cross-sectional study,was conducted from November 20th,2022,to May 25th,2023,involving 200 secondary school students selected through convenience sampling.Data collection utilized a structured questionnaire divided into sociodemographic and sleep disorder sections.Validity was ensured by a panel of ten experts,and reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s Alpha(0.77).Statistical analysis employed SPSS version 26.Results:Findings revealed that a majority of participants(70.5%)had low-level sleep disorders,followed by moderate disorders represented(29%).Significant associations were found between sleep disorders and gender(P=0.000),economic status for family(P=0.020),and nightly sleep duration(P=0.016).However,no significant relationship was observed between sleep disorders and family structure or age(P>0.05).Conclusions:The study highlights that most secondary school students experience mild sleep disorders,followed by moderate disorders.Notably,gender,income,and sleep duration showed significant correlations with sleep disorders.

The Application Value and Strategy of Red Music Culture in Ideological and Political Education in Primary and Secondary Schools

As an important carrier of red culture,red music culture carries the glorious history of revolution,construction,and reform led by the Communist Party of China(CPC),and has significant functional value in cultivating students’ideals,values,and cultural identity,as well as patriotic consciousness and national pride.However,the integration of red music culture into the ideological and political education of primary and secondary schools faces the dilemmas of low cultivation awareness,insufficient excavation of resources,and lack of optimization of atmosphere and field.In view of these problems,the strategies of enhancing cultivation awareness,excavating the resources in-depth,and creating a positive atmosphere and field provide new ideas and methods for ideological and political education in primary and secondary schools.

The Current Situation,Problems,and Improvement Path of Rule of Law Education in Primary and Secondary Schools in Chaoshan Area

Rule of law education in primary and secondary schools is an educational process to popularize legal knowledge,establish legal awareness,and cultivate the ability to respect,abide by,and use the law for the special group of primary and secondary school students.The research found that rule of law education in primary and secondary schools in Chaoshan has yielded positive outcomes.However,there exist problems such as uneven synergy,incomplete inclusion of teachers and students,shortage of adequately trained professional teachers,and the need for enhanced organizational support.The relevance and effectiveness of rule of law education in primary and secondary schools will be enhanced by clarifying the target tasks,enhancing the effectiveness of the classroom,creating an atmosphere of the rule of law,and strengthening organizational support.

Artificial Intelligence Education in Primary and Secondary Schools from the Perspective of Thinking Quality

With the vigorous development of social economy in China,various advanced technologies and equipment have emerged,among which artificial intelligence(AI)has rapidly developed and achieved remarkable results when applied to many fields.Therefore,leaders and teachers in primary and secondary schools should pay more attention to AI education and explore effective measures to optimize the effectiveness of this education.Among them,carrying out artificial intelligence education and teaching from the perspective of thinking quality,with an aim to improve students’technical ability and effectively cultivate their thinking skills,may improve students’learning efficiency and teachers’teaching efficiency.How to carry out AI education from the perspective of thinking quality is an important issue that teachers need to address urgently.Through in-depth research,we focus on this issue,in hope to benefit primary and secondary school teachers.

Examining the Burden Reduction Policy for Primary and Secondary School Teachers in China:A Framework Analysis Centered on the Rational Selection of Institutional Doctrine

The“burden reduction”policy aims to reduce the workload of primary and secondary school teachers to alleviate their burdens.While it has improved the quality of teachers,implementation challenges still exist.This study utilizes rational choice institutionalism and Ostrom’s institutional analysis and development framework to examine the policy.By considering the preferences of the Ministry of Education,local governments,schools,and teachers,it explores interactions and outcomes,identifies challenges,and provides policy suggestions.

Exploring the Path of Implementing the Home-School Co-education Model from the Perspective of Moral Education Field

As a social psychological field derived from the concept of physical field,the moral education field plays a very important role in guiding the construction of a home-school co-education model.In this paper,by analyzing the internal power system of the moral education field,with a policy oriented approach and combined with contemporary factors,it aims to empower the traditional home-school co-education model.Only by combining home education and school education,supplemented by social policy guidance,strengthening the construction of the"trinity"community,creating a harmonious and stable ecological interactive moral education field,expanding the path of home-school cooperation,strengthening the boundary of home and school responsibility,and innovating the form of home-school co-education,can it support the bright future of education.

Detection and Characterization of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Toilet and Classroom Door Handles in Selected Secondary Schools in Nairobi County

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is found on all surfaces especially in public areas like hospitals and schools and on frequently touched areas like toilet and classroom door handles. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus which is resistant to methicillin. There are two types of MRSA: Community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and hospital acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA). MRSA in the community presents a significant reservoir that could enter into healthcare facilities and spread among patients and also a risk for immune compromised persons in the community. Methodology: The study aimed at determining the prevalence of MRSA isolated from toilet and classroom door handles as a potential source of infection to the students and the workers in selected schools in Nairobi, Kenya. The study also compared the prevalence of MRSA between boarding and non-boarding girls, boys and mixed (both girls and boys in the same school) secondary schools. Twelve secondary schools in Nairobi County were randomly selected and 306 samples from both the toilet and classroom door handles were collected using sterile swabs and transported to the laboratory. Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus was done by the use of selective media Mannitol salt agar, antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was done by disk diffusion method, and molecular detection of mecA and PVL genes were done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The prevalence of S. aureus was 20% and 15% were MRSA positive by both Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test and PCR detection. 20% showed the presence of PVL genes, 8% showed the presence of both genes and 56% of isolates with mecA gene had PVL genes. Conclusion: The presence of MRSA in this study emphasizes the need to formulate hygiene measures to prevent possible spread of MRSA and other transmissible pathogens to students and workers in the schools.

Primary and secondary school mental health teachers in professional identity of intervention programs

To explore the impact of teacher training on the professional identity of primary and secondary school mental health teachers, this study conducted a half-month professional development training program to 54 primary and secondary school mental health teachers, and performed measurement on the professional identity of the teachers in the experimental group and the control group with “Teachers’ Professional Identity Questionnaire”. The result shows that after the training there is a significant improvement in the professional identity of the teachers in the experimental group, and the teachers’ scores on the four dimensions of profession identity: the sense of role, the professional behavioral tendency, the occupational values, and the sense of belonging, all increased significantly. This indicates that the curriculum intervention for the primary and secondary school mental health teachers could effectively improve the teachers’ professional identity.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions of Secondary School Teenagers towards HIV Transmission and Prevention in Rural and Urban Areas of Central Uganda

HIV/AIDS has remained a challenge in Uganda among adolescent despite the ABC strategy used globally to prevent HIV infection. The study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of secondary school teenagers towards HIV transmission and prevention in rural and urban schools of central Uganda. A cross sectional study using self-administered questionnaires and structured interviews was used to collect data from adolescents in secondary schools in Kampala and Buikwe districts. Eight schools were randomly selected with 4 schools in each district. A total of 245 students from schools were recruited in the study with 120 and 125 students from urban Kampala and rural Buikwe district schools respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 11. The results were expressed as percentages in a 2 × 2 tables. The mean age of the participants was 15.9 ± 2.5 years. Results showed that 95.1% participants had knowledge on HIV/AIDS in both urban and rural schools and 27.4% knew all the modes of HIV transmission. About 83.7% knew the ABC strategy for HIV prevention and 37.6% would talk about HIV/AIDS mainly with friends. For HIV cure, 62.0% of study participants reported non-cure and 24.9% were not sure. The remaining 13.1% of the study participants in both urban and rural schools reported that HIV can be cured. And the modes of curing HIV that were mentioned by participants included spiritual healing, transmitting it to others through sexual intercourse and that antiretroviral (ARVs) drugs can cure it as well as that it can be cured abroad. About 65.7% of participants reported recognition of one with HIV/ AIDS and by having red lips, being sickly;weight loss, skin rash and being very rich were mentioned. About 39.2% of the study participants mentioned that they cannot get infected with HIV and can’t contract HIV at all and 18.4% believed that chances of getting HIV infection were high. On perception and attitude on condoms and their use, participants reported that it is a sign of mistrust, reduces sexual pleasures and they are embarrassing to buy. Majority of the participants in both urban and rural schools had some knowledge on HIV/AIDS and the ABC strategy for HIV prevention. However, there was a knowledge gap on the various modes of HIV transmission and prevention. There was misconception of the participants on HIV/AIDS cure, condom use and on the chances of contracting HIV. About the source of HIV/AIDS information, majority of the participants were getting information on HIV/AIDS from friends of which some information was misleading. This false information could be the reason for the increased HIV prevalence reported among the adolescents in the schools. Generally, participants had some knowledge on HIV/AIDS though they had knowledge gap on HIV transmission and prevention.

Application of Reciting Methods on Secondary School Oral English Learning — based on Krashen's Input Hypothesis

It has been found that a large amount of students are not able to communicate fluently and lack self-confidence. Therefore, they lost interest in English. This paper first introduces Stephen Krashen's Input Hypothesis. Through analyzing the influencing factors of oral English learning and the significance of reciting methods, the article explored the concrete reciting methods. I hope it will shed some light on the English teaching and learning practice.

The Contribution of Linear Growth Components to Hypertension in Secondary School Adolescents in an Urban Setting in Cameroon

Background: Components of height have been found to be positively associated with blood pressure (BP) both in developed and developing nations. However, amongst Cameroon secondary school adolescents, the relationship between heights, SH and SH/H with BP has rarely been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of secondary school adolescents with elevated BP and high BP and to evaluate the relationship between the different components of linear growth with BP. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study involving 602 adolescents (399 girls and 203 boys, mean age 14.9 ± 2.3 years) attending some public and private secondary schools in the Bamenda municipality of the North West Region of Cameroon. Anthropometric and BP measurements were carried out following standard procedures. Pearson correlation and linear regression were used to determine the relationship between the various components of height (height, SH, SH/H) with BP amongst the children. Results: The overall prevalence of elevated BP and hypertension amongst the study participants was 21.9% and 15.6% respectively (with 8.3% and 7.3% of the hypertensive children in Stage I and Stage II respectively). However, there were no significant gender differences in the prevalence of elevated BP and high BP (p = 0.497). Girls had a significantly (p Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that height was positively associated with SBP amongst children and adolescents. Thus, height can be used in predicting adolescents with a high risk of developing high BP in our setting.

Investigation on Low Hemoglobin and Ascaris Infection among Primary and Secondary School Students in Hohhot

Introduction: Anemia and Ascaris infection are important indicators to reflect the health status of students. In this study, by investigating the current situation of low hemoglobin and positive rate of Ascaris eggs of primary and secondary school students in Hohhot, the health status of local primary and secondary school students is actually reflected. Objectives: To understand the prevalence of Low Hemoglobin and Ascaris infection among primary and secondary school students in Hohhot in 2015 and to give some suggestions on the health status of primary and secondary school students in Hohhot. Study Design: This project uses a cross-sectional study to investigate the distribution of disease and health status of primary and middle school students in Hohhot at a specific time, and to provide a clue to the cause of the hypothesis test. Methods: A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 4 districts, 4 counties and 1 flag in Hohhot, a total of 36 primary and secondary schools for sample survey. Cyanine HiCN and smear method is to detect hemoglobin and ascaris eggs positive. Results: In 2015, the positive rate of low hemoglobin in primary and secondary school students was 21.45% in urban and rural areas, 33.17% in urban and rural areas, 43.69% in rural areas, 13.59% in ascaris eggs, 10.69% in urban and rural areas, 7.81% in rural areas. There are geographical differences and gender differences between cities, urban-rural junctions and rural areas (p Conclusion: The prevalence of low hemoglobin in primary and secondary school students in Hohhot is high in rural areas. The detection rate of ascaris egg positive rate in the city is high. Monitoring, publicity and education should continue to be strengthened.

Menstrual Hygiene Management in School Setting in Two Secondary Schools in the Bamako District, Case of the School “La Chaine Grise” and the School Cheick Modibo Diarra

This study on Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) was carried out in two secondary schools in the Bamako district, “Chaine Grise” and “Cheick Modibo Diarra” located respectively on the right bank and the left bank depending on the geographic position of the Niger river. This work took place over a period of 6 months from January 2019 to June 2019. The objective of this study was to study menstrual hygiene management in school?setting for girls aged 16 to 18 in two secondary schools in Bamako. It was a transversal and qualitative description. The study population consists of girls aged 16 to 18 years enrolled in one of the selected secondary schools.?At the end of this study, we arrived at the following results:?*50% of the girls in our study have poor knowledge about menstruation;?*10% of girls miss school at least one day a month during menstruation;?*90% of girls use hygienic cotton to absorb menstrual blood;?*90% of the sources of supply for hygienic products are?mothers.?The unsanitary conditions of the toilets, lack of light and the non-separation of the toilets according to gender guidelines were found in 99% of the cases: *99% of girls say that the poor state of health infrastructures was one of the causes of genital infections linked to poor management of menstrual hygiene;?*lack of water in the toilets (99%). Through these results, we conclude that,?in our context,?menstruation remains a taboo and shameful subject for girls. In addition, some of their menstrual hygiene practices are a real danger to their health.

Detection of HIV-1 and -2 Antibodies among Selected Secondary Schools in Udenu L.G.A. of Enugu State, South East, Nigeria

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of HIV-1 and -2 among three selected secondary schools in Udenu Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Three hundred students were recruited for this study representing 120 males (40%) and 180 females (60%) with their age ranging from 12 to 20 years from September to November, 2010. Samples of blood were collected and processed using standard laboratory procedures. All the students were screened for the presence of antibodies to HIV-1 and -2 using 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) rapid screening kits, based on WHO systems-2 for detecting antibodies to HIV-1 and -2. The diagnosis of HIV infection was further confirmed by Western blot. The results showed that out of the 300 students who were enrolled into the study, 6 (2%) were positive for HIV-1 and -2 antibodies including two males (0.7%) and four females (1.3%). Statistically, there is a significant difference in the distribution of HIV infections by gender (P 0.05). Although its prevalence is low, the presence of HIV-1 and -2 antibodies in Secondary School students of Udenu L.G.A. of Enugu State should be worrisome because it can easily be transmitted to other healthy individuals in the nearest future. Therefore, this calls for a concerted and synergistic effort to nip the spread in the bud so that it cannot spread to other teenagers and the larger community.

HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge among Secondary School Students in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Aim of the Study: HIV/AIDS is best viewed as a major epidemic which poses serious challenges to mankind on a global scale. The aim of this study was to assess the HIV/AIDS-related knowledge among secondary school students in Bangladesh and investigate the association between secondary school students’ socio-demographic characteristics and their level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Methods: Following multistage random sampling technique, a total of 384 students aged 11-17 years were sampled from eight secondary schools and interviewed through a predesigned semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done at three stages including descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multivariate logistic regression. Results: The findings of the study revealed that more than half (55.26%) of the students were above 14 years of age and their ages ranged from 11 to 17 years. This study also found that around three-fourths of the students (75.78%) watched television. With regard to knowledge, this study demonstrated that around two-fifths of the students (36.98%) had very good knowledge about HIV/AIDS and their main sources of HIV/AIDS information were television, newspaper, radio, textbooks, and teachers. The bivariate results of the study indicated that students’ age, gender, type of school, household income, fathers’ and mothers’ literacy, and watching television were significantly associated with level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS. In addition, students’ age, mothers’ literacy, and watching television were found as the significant predictors of knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Watching television was documented as the best single predictor. Conclusion: The results of the study strengthen the assumption that there is an influence of students’ socio-demographic characteristics upon their knowledge about HIV/ AIDS. Moreover, this study suggests that more information on HIV/AIDS should be included in the textbooks of secondary school students in Bangladesh to enhance their knowledge about the taboo subject.

Assessing Users’ Perceptions of the Current Maintenance Disorder of Public Secondary School in Ogun, Nigeria

The challenges facing public schools are multifaceted and include: teachers dissatisfaction, non-commitment of educators, chronic absenteeism by educators, low morale, poor work ethics by educators, late coming of both educators and learners, overcrowding in classes, lack of technical resources and many more. A cursory investigation of public secondary school buildings in Ado-Odo/Ota L.G.A shows its deplorable conditions of structural, aesthetical and decorative disrepair. Therefore the paper focused on examining users “perception of the present deplorable physical condition and neglect of public secondary school. The study engaged the use of quantitative method of analysis, employing the use of questionnaire administered randomly and distributed face-to-face to targeted despondences”. The result of findings revealed performance/productivity of building users depends largely on working and learning condition of building. The outcomes of the research would help policy makers, facilities maintenance experts and professionals alike to device a policy for regular maintenance of public building in other to enhance performance and increase productivity amongst users.

Integration of Climate Change into the Senior Secondary School Agricultural Science Curriculum in Nigeria

The study was carried out to identify content areas of climate change for integration into the senior secondary school agricultural science curriculum in countries such as Nigeria. Two research questions were developed and answered by the study while two null hypotheses were formulated and tested. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population for the study was 441 while the sample was 249. A 34-item structured questionnaire was developed for data collection. The questionnaire items were face-validated by five experts while Cronbach alpha method was used to determine the internal consistency of the items. The copies of the questionnaire were administered to the respondents with the help of two research assistants. Weighted mean was used to answer the research questions while t-test statistic was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance and 240 degrees of freedom. The findings of the study revealed that four clusters with 23 items were required for integration in the curriculum while 11 materials were identified to help teach the content areas. It was also found that there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in the mean responses of Lecturers and extension agents on each item in the content areas of climate change and materials for teaching them. The study recommended among others that the clusters and 23 items with the materials identified by the study should be integrated into the agricultural science curriculum for teaching in secondary schools, especially in Nigeria.

Should and Can Flipped Classroom Be Introduced to Secondary Vocational Schools in China?

The flipped learning model, which “flips” traditional in-class lectures with cooperative activities, has obtained lots of followers and backers in education. Usually teachers have a negative attitude toward flipped model. Teachers have their stance, and flipped model is still in the exploration stage in vocational education context at present. Studies and design models for flipped learning in secondary vocational education are insufficient. However, flipped classroom is an educational tool which may benefit students. This paper attempts to provide a foundation for further research and implementation for flipped learning in secondary vocational education. It was found that there is no quick answer to the question whether the flipped classroom should and can be introduced to secondary vocational schools or not, but teachers should implement flipped classroom positively.

Assessment of Effect of Peer Pressure and Mass Media on Secondary School Students Involvement in Premarital Sex in Anambra State of Nigeria

Pre-marital sex among secondary school adolescents has been identified to be on the increase worldwide. Adolescents are susceptible to peer pressure. This study was conducted to determine the effect of peer group pressure and mass media on the prevalence of pre-marital sex among secondary school adolescents in Anambra State of Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among secondary school adolescents in Anambra State. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured, self-administered questionnaire. Respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection in the study was the Secondary Student Sex Variables Questionnaire (SSSVQ) which was constructed by the researchers. Students who had medium extent exposure to mass media or more (≥ ME) were 3 times or less (≤ LE)[or: 3.153,(CI: 2.270-4.380)]. Respondents who had medium extent exposure to peer pressure or more (≥ ME) were twice more likely to engage in pre-marital sex than those who had low extent exposure or less (≤ LE)[or: 2.240,(CI: 1.601-3.134), p = 0.030]. This study revealed that the prevalence of pre-marital sex among secondary school students in Anambra State was high. It is concluded that the peer pressure and exposure to mass media influenced pre-marital sex and it was recommended that family health education should be intensified in secondary schools to enable the students understand problems of pre-marital sex.