Novel Sum-of-Sinusoids Simulation Channel Modeling for 6G Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Vehicle-to-Everything Communications

In this paper,a statistical cluster-based simulation channel model with a finite number of sinusoids is proposed for depicting the multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)communications in vehicleto-everything(V2X)environments.In the proposed sum-of-sinusoids(SoS)channel model,the waves that emerge from the transmitter undergo line-of-sight(LoS)and non-line-of-sight(NLoS)propagation to the receiver,which makes the model suitable for describing numerous V2X wireless communication scenarios for sixth-generation(6G).We derive expressions for the real and imaginary parts of the complex channel impulse response(CIR),which characterize the physical propagation characteristics of V2X wireless channels.The statistical properties of the real and imaginary parts of the complex CIRs,i.e.,autocorrelation functions(ACFs),Doppler power spectral densities(PSDs),cross-correlation functions(CCFs),and variances of ACFs and CCFs,are derived and discussed.Simulation results are generated and match those predicted by the underlying theory,demonstrating the accuracy of our derivation and analysis.The proposed framework and underlying theory arise as an efficient tool to investigate the statistical properties of 6G MIMO V2X communication systems.

An Active Language Learning Environment Created by Email Communication

The rapid development of information and communication technology in recent years is associated with a corresponding growth in interest in computer-mediated communication(CMC)-synchronous CMC and asynchronous CMC.Among asynchronous CMC,email communication has attracted more attention of researchers in the field of foreign language learning.This paper will review studies which investigate one aspect of the advantages of email communication-an active environment for foreign language learning.

Anonymity Effects and Implications in the Virtual Environment: From Crowd to Computer-Mediated Communication

Anonymity, an important feature of computer-mediated communication (CMC), is embedded in this new technology. With the penetration of the Internet in society, many daily activities involve online interactions. Anonymity affects both the task and social aspects of online communication including information exchange, decision making, and relationship development. This review examines the effects of anonymity on human behavior. It outlines how the prior literature has attempted to address this issue and how the Social Identity Deindividuation (SIDE) model has developed as an attempt to tackle this question. More importantly, it discusses a framework describing the multidimensions of anonymity in CMC [1], and subsequently raised five propositions inspired by this framework. Furthermore, using McLeod’s framework, this review evaluates SIDE studies with regard to their anonymity manipulations. This critique reveals possible future research directions for refining the SIDE model and better studying the effect of anonymity in virtual environment.

Creating an English Environment to Foster the Students' Ability in Communicating

English is becoming more and more important in communicating as the further development of the reform and opening up. We English teacher should try our best to create and arrange a kind of language environment according to our students' practical life in order to improve and enhance their interest in English studying, to encourage them to practice English during their daily life and to cultivate their ability to communicate in English.

Visible Light Communication for Vehicular Applications: A Novel Architecture with Proof-of-Concept Prototype

When there is an increasing interest in visible light communication(VLC), outdoor vehicle VLC has emerged as a promising candidate technology for future intelligent transportation systems. However, in VLC based vehicular applications, several challenges impede successful commercial application of VLC based products. This article first provides a thorough overview of the existing challenges. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel architecture with tracking and environment sensing ability for practical vehicular applications. Moreover, a proof-ofconcept prototype is implemented to validate the feasibility of the proposed system. Experimental and simulation results show that the proposed VLC system can provide reliable communications with a bit-error rate less than 10-4for vehicles under strong interference lights. Finally, based on the evaluations, we propose some key design issues for future studies in this research area.

Point cloud-based environment reconstruction and ray tracing simulations for railway tunnel channels

Radio propagation environment plays a critical role in the performance of wireless communication systems,and understanding channel characteristics is vital for ensuring reliable communication links and optimizing system performance.Ray tracing is an effective method to investigate propagation characteristics in a complex environment,and how to quickly and accurately obtain environmental information needs to be solved.This paper presents dynamic environment reconstruction and ray tracing simulation in railway tunnel environment based on Simultaneous Localization and Mapping(SLAM)algorithm and Poisson reconstruction algorithm.Accurate channel parameters are obtained and analyzed based on ray tracing simulation.Both straight and curved tunnels are considered and investigated,and the results show the channel characteristics in complex railway tunnel environments.

Communication and Society:Theoretical Legacy of Niklas Luhmann

Although he does not for a moment break the connection with the fundamental category of functionalism-the social system,Luhmann articulates the basic elements of his authentic sociological position precisely with the theoretical framework within which he solves the problem of social change through the concept of communication,a problem that has marked the history of sociological theory so far.The categories of system and environment,system and purpose,and internal differentiation of the social system play a special role in that theoretical framework.Luhmann’s basic thesis is the position according to which the elementary process that constitutes society as a separate reality is the process of communication.Therefore,any change in the way communication is produced simultaneously means a change in the way society is produced;these changes are evolutionary,which means that they move from a lower to a higher degree of complexity;changes in the level of complexity also change the relationship between the system and the environment;the change in the relationship between the system and the environment affects the internal relationship between the system and the purpose,that is,the differentiation of the system and the establishment of the autonomy of subsystems,which increases the degree of flexibility of society,that is,the ability of society to respond to the challenges of its own environment.The theoretical and practical relevance of this topic is more than explicit-one of the central issues of contemporary social and political practice is the articulation of increasingly rapid changes in complex social structures,so,in our opinion,Luhmann’s approach represents a significant theoretical legacy and an effective tool for understanding complex dynamics of the modern world.

Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Channel Characterization in Urban Environment at 28 GHz

Both ultra-reliable low latency and high-data-rate communications are required by connective vehicles. Millimeter wave(mm Wave) with large bandwidth is a key technology to support high-data-rate communications. In this paper, the 28 GHz wideband vehicle-to-infrastructure channel is characterized for the urban environment in a major street in Manhattan. The deployment of the transmitter and the receiver, as well as the traffic models, are selected by considering the recommendation by 3GPP TR 37.885. Ray tracing simulator with calibrated electromagnetic parameters is employed in this work to practically conduct intensive simulations. The 3D environment model is reconstructed from OpenStreetMap. The power delay profile, path loss, root-meansquare delay spread, K-factor and so on, are extracted from the calibrated simulation results. The evolution of the parameters, as well as their statistical properties, are analyzed and modeled. The work of this paper helps the researchers understand the propagation channel for designing mmWave technologies and communication system in a similar scenario.

Developing Environment of Hierarchical and Distributed Real-Time Fire-Control Network

This paper introduces a hierarchical real-time environment for developing ship-bornefire-control system. Advanced computer networks are used to simulate the system with the requiredengagement scenario, including own-ship and parameters, and data processing and transmission,mission calculation, graphical supervision and gunnery ballistics outputting. The simulation systemis able to receive instruction from, or send information to the command-control center. Furthermore,the system can also be used to compare various designed schemes and analyze the accuracy andeffectiveness of the system.

A Methodology to Measure the Environmental Impact of ICT Operating Systems across Different Device Platforms

A new methodology was created to measure the energy consumption and related green house gas （GHG） emissions of a computer operating system （OS） across different device platforms. The methodology involved the direct power measurement of devices under different activity states. In order to include all aspects of an OS, the methodology included measurements in various OS modes, whilst uniquely, also incorporating measurements when running an array of defined software activities, so as to include OS application management features. The methodology was demonstrated on a laptop and phone that could each run multiple OSs, results confirmed that OS can significantly impact the energy consumption of devices. In particular, the new versions of the Microsoft Windows OS were tested and highlighted significant differences between the OS versions on the same hardware. The developed methodology could enable a greater awareness of energy consumption, during both the software development and software marketing processes.

A Cost-Efficient Environment Monitoring Robotic Vehicle for Smart Industries

Environmental monitoring is essential for accessing and avoiding the undesirable situations in industries along with ensuring the safety of workers.Moreover,inspecting and monitoring of environmental parameters by humans lead to various health concerns,which in turn brings to the requirement of monitoring the environment by robotics.In this paper,we have designed and implemented a cost-efficient robotic vehicle for the computation of various environmental parameters such as temperature,radiation,smoke,and pressure with the help of sensors.Furthermore,the robotic vehicle is designed in such a way that it can be dually controlled by using the remote control along with the distant computer.In addition,contrary to the existing researches,the GSM modules are used to achieve the two-way long distance communication between the robotic vehicle and the distant computer.On the distant computer,the above-mentioned environmental parameters can be monitored along with controlling the robotic vehicle with the help of Graphical User Interface(GUI).In order to fulfill the given tasks,we have proposed two algorithms implemented at the robotic vehicle and the distant computer respectively in this paper.The final results validate the proposed algorithms where the above-mentioned environmental parameters can be monitored along with the smooth-running operation of the robotic vehicle.

Integration of Manufacturing Services into Virtual Environments over the Internet

Virtual reality (VR) is a rapidly developing technology that has a wide spectrum of industrial and commercial applications. Networked (distributed or shared) virtual environments (VE) are of growing interest to modern manufacturing industry; a dominating use of networked virtual manufacturing environments (VMEs) is on-line visualisation and collaborative control of 3D information. This has to be supported by real-time data transfer. To meet a broad range of common requirements for Internet-based VE communications, particularly for virtual manufacturing and collaborative design and control, this paper presents a networked virtual environment system that is designed to support networked virtual design and manufacturing. The system is implemented with manufacturing message specification (MMS) standards so as to integrate a range of manufacturing services into networked VEs over the Internet.

Global Communications and Changing Perspectives:The World as a World Society

In this paper we will analyze the world as a world society.Our assumption is that,thanks to global communications,the world has become a unique social field.Therefore,it is necessary to make an analysis of the changes that have occurred in the society-state relationship.In the contemporary understanding,societies are constituted as relatively closed,self-referential systems,in which the world of life is framed by the borders of national states.Intensifying and extending the communication process has relativized the boundaries of such closed systems,creating an opportunity for the establishment of a world society.However,the practical political(infra)structure is still fixed on old patterns and,objectively,lags behind this change,creating a legitimacy deficit in the political field.So it is necessary to look at the world from a new perspective.

Intercultural Education in a Technology-Enhanced Foreign Language Learning Environment Implementing the TPACK Approach:Challenges and Possibilities

In the plurilingual and multicultural contemporary international setting,the educational systems opt for successfully meeting as well as adapting to the rapid social,economic,and technological changes.Based on the premise that intercultural communicative competence holds a significant potential for foreign language instruction,focus should throw into combining teachers’intercultural knowledge with pedagogy and technology.The prospect of introducing intercultural material within the context of teaching scenarios in the curricula of a technology-enhanced foreign language learning environment where the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge(TPACK)approach is implemented,can positively contribute to the teaching process.Under this perspective,cultural and digitally competent teachers can create a framework which will enable learners to fully develop their interactive and linguistic skills and to effectively communicate in a foreign language promoting its social and multicultural dimension whatever the intercultural context.

Living Environment and Hypercholesterolemia: Case of Mono and Couffo Departments, Benin, in 2015

Introduction: Studies conducted in Benin have often not emphasized the living environment underlying hypercholesterolemia. The objective was to study the prevalence and factors associated with hypercholesterolemia in the Mono and Couffo departments in 2015 with consideration of the living environment. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical aim that involved 2490 subjects aged 18 - 69 years, selected using a three-stage randomized sampling technique. Data were collected using the Personal Digital Assistant (WHO STEPS instrument) and analyzed according to STEPS recommendations using Epi-Info7.1.5.0 and SPSS20 software. The Chi-square test was used to compare proportions and the difference was considered significant for p < 0.05. Results: Out of 2490 respondents, 60.20% were women. The mean age was 36.14 ± 12.82 years. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 4.7% (95% CI: [3.88 - 5.54]) and lower in the Couffo. Factors associated with hypercholesterolemia after multivariate analysis were harmful alcohol consumption, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, obesity and overweight. Conclusions: Living environment was found to be one of the important factors to consider in strategies to control hypercholesterolemia in the Mono and Couffo departments.

Parametric array differential Pattern time delay shift coding underwater acoustic communication in the under-ice environment

In order to meet the demands of underwater acoustic communication in under ice environment,a differential Pattern time delay shift coding underwater acoustic communication method based on parametric array is introduced in this paper.The under ice underwater acoustic channel is characterized by heavy multipath transmission.Under this model,a parametric array emission method of Pattern signal is derived and the system performance is analyzed.A broadband low frequency sound waves with narrow beam-pattern,which will reduce the interface reflections and suppress the effects of multipath transmission,can be obtained by the emission method.The Songhua River under ice trial results show that there is an anti-multipath property and a higher data rate in the under-ice acoustic channel in proposed approach.

The digital‘connected’earth:open technology for providing location-based services on degraded communication environments

n the current world,it is easy to listen that everybody and everything is connected.Over this connected world,the concept of location-based services has grown in order to provide digital services in everyplace and at every time.Nevertheless,this is not 100%true because the connection is not guaranteed for many people and in many places.These are the Degraded Communications Environments(DCE),environments where the availability of high-speed communications is not guaranteed in at least the 75%of the time.This paper works over the experience of a previous work in developing light protocols that do not need broadband for communication.This work provides an extension of these protocols for the inclusion of mobile devices as elements of the communication process and a set of libraries to allow the development of applications in DCE.The work done has involved the development of two frameworks:an Android framework that makes the incorporation of Android devices easier and a server-based framework that provides the server side for the development of the referred applications.A use case that uses these two frameworks has been developed.Finally,all technology developed is available throw a public Git repository.

Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Perceptions for Salt/Sodium Reduction in the Gastronomic Sector of Costa Rica

Excess sodium intake is associated with high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. This study examined food services in Costa Rica as a major source of sodium. The research included six cafeterias, six fast food establishments, 13 restaurants, and 15 diners using non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Interviews were conducted with workers to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding salt reduction. The findings were analyzed to determine effective intervention strategies. Participants showed regular knowledge about salt/sodium. While they recognized the link with high blood pressure, understanding of other health problems was limited. Positive attitudes were observed toward healthy cooking and reducing sodium in pre-prepared food, especially in restaurants. Over 70% expressed a desire to reduce salt in food services, with more than 80% indicating a need for staff training, particularly in cafeterias lacking knowledge of low-salt preparations. High-sodium ingredients were prevalent, with saltshakers and sauces readily available. However, some individuals were reluctant to reduce salt/sodium intake, citing concerns about taste, food variety, and customer complaints. Obstacles to reducing salt/sodium levels included limited accessibility and the cost of low-sodium ingredients. The data collection tools and methodologies used in this study can serve as a foundation for future investigations and strategies to reduce salt consumption in food services. The study recommends government support for transforming the gastronomic sector and implementing regulations and knowledge enhancement. Collaboration with the productive sector is crucial for creating healthy environments. This research presents valuable evidence regarding the utilization of salt and sodium in the gastronomic sector, thereby assisting in the decision-making process for public health initiatives and the prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases. It highlights the significance of tackling sodium reduction in food services to encourage the adoption of healthy culinary practices and enhance the overall health of the population.

PERSPECTIVES ON FUTURE EFL COMMUNICATIVE ENVIRONMENTS BY E-MAlL AND INTERNET IN CHINESE UNIVERSITIES

E-mail-assisted language teaching is at the fore-front of the advances in educational tools in EFLteaching.But is it possible to create EFL communica-tive environment by E-mail and Internet in Chineseuniversities?Can we totally adopt CA by E-mail andInternet in Western countries into Chinese universi-ties?It is evident that Completely transferring it toChinese educational context is irrational and will ulti-mately fail.Thus,success depends on reconciling E-mail-assisted EFL teaching with traditional Chineseapproaches.This paper is designed to make perspec-tives on this reconciliation,and presents some disad-vantages of using E-mail and Internet in teaching.

呼吸道传染病的气溶胶传播风险及防控建议

新型冠状病毒肺炎仍在全球肆虐,呼吸道传染病传染性强,可经多种途径传播。人们长时间停留在室内环境中,在相对密闭的空间中,气溶胶传播的风险极大。作者对日常生活中不同环境呼吸道传染病气溶胶传播风险、影响因素及防控措施进行阐述,以期为新形势下中国呼吸道传染病防控提供借鉴。