Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Awareness of Chronic Kidney Disease among Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertensive Individuals at the Buea Regional Hospital, Cameroon

Background: Kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, and early mortality are just a few of the major negative effects of chronic renal disease, a serious global health issue. The considerable financial and public health burden associated with chronic kidney disease can be lessened by raising awareness and adopting better practices for its impact, prevention, and early identification. Objective: In this study, individuals with hypertension and diabetes were evaluated for their knowledge of chronic kidney disease, its prevalence, and its risk factors. Method: It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted on adult (>18 years) patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Each participant provided written informed consent before having their data collected through interviews, medical information, and blood samples for CKD screening. The CKD epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation was used to calculate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from serum creatinine, and CKD was determined using the estimated GFR (e-GFR). To find independent CKD factors, multivariate logistic regression was employed, with a p-value of 0.05 being regarded as statistically significant. This was accomplished using SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Sciences) version 22.0, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY. Result: A total of 156 participants took part in the study among which 95 (60.9%) were male, most of the participants 82 (52.6%) were aged between 51 - 70 years (mean 59.42 ± 11.007), 76 (48.7%) were unemployed and 97 (62.2%) were single. Overall, the knowledge score of participants on CKD was 65.4% for good knowledge and 34.6% for poor or inadequate knowledge of CKD. More than half of the participants (60%) had chronic kidney disease. Among these, the greatest proportion of CKD patients were those who were hypertensive (88.2%) followed by those who were both hypertensive and diabetic (70.7%). Conclusion: There is poor management of CKD in the South West Region of Cameroon which has contributed greatly to the progression of CKD and increases in the mortality rate.

Prevalence of Risk Factors for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases to the National Teaching Hospital “HKM” of Cotonou

Background: In 2008 Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were responsible for 63% of deaths worldwide and 80% of these deaths occurred in developing countries. Four of them were responsible for more than 80% of mortality from NCDs, which were cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes. They shared the same risk factors. Objective: To determine the prevalence of NCD risk factors in patients admitted to consult in the outpatient unit of the National Teaching Hospital of Cotonou. Patients and Methods: This was a transversal, descriptive and analytical study which took place from 15 June 2011 to 16 September 2011. It focused on 1000 subjects found after a recruitment of all patients coming to consult during the study period. The collection technique was a questionnaire followed by physical measures (weight, height, blood pressure and waist) and biological measures (fasting glucose and cholesterol). The data were analyzed with the software Epi-3.3.2 info. Results: The mainly prevalent behavioural risk factors were smoking (10.2%), alcohol consumption (60.3%), insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables (84.2%), and physical inactivity (57.6%). The prevalent physical risk factors were hypertension (47.4%), obesity (27.5%), and overweight (35.3%). The prevalent biological risk factors were diabetes (28.5%), and hypercholesterolemia (10.4%). The level of cardiovascular risk was higher than 40% in 81 people (8.1%). Conclusion: This study shows the importance of risk factors for NCDs in outpatient Unit in the National Teaching Hospital of Cotonou.

Prevalence of fatty liver disease and its risk factors in the population of South China

AIM: To investigate the population-based prevalence of fatty liver disease (FLD) and its risk factors in Guangdong Province,China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey with multiple-stage stratified cluster and random sampling of inhabitants over 7-year-old was performed in 6 urban and rural areas of Guangdong Province,China. Questionnaires,designed by co-working of epidemiologists and hepatologists,included demographic characteristics,current medication use,medical history and health-relevant behaviors,i.e. alcohol consumption,smoking habits,dietary habits and physical activities. Anthropometric measurements,biochemical tests and abdominal ultrasonography were carried out. RESULTS: Among the 3543 subjects,609 (17.2%) were diagnosed having FLD (18.0% males,16.7% females,P > 0.05). Among them,the prevalence of confirmed alcoholic liver disease (ALD),suspected ALD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were 0.4%,1.8%,and 15.0%,respectively. The prevalence rate (23.0%) was significantly higher in urban areas than (12.9%) in rural areas. After adjustment for age,gender and residency,the standardized prevalence of FLD in adults was 14.5%. Among them,confirmed ALD,suspected ALD and NAFLD were 0.5%,2.3%,and 11.7%,respectively,in adults and 1.3% (all NAFLD) in children at the age of 7-18 years. The overall prevalence of FLD increased with age in both genders to the peak of 27.4% in the group of subjects at the age of 60-70 years. The prevalence rate was significantly higher in men than in women under the age of 50 years (22.4% vs 7.1%,P < 0.001). However,the opposite phenomenon was found over the age of 50 years (20.6% vs 27.6%,P < 0.05). Multivariate and logistic regression analysis indicated that male gender,urban residency,low education,high blood pressure,body mass index,waist circumference,waist to hip ratio,serum triglyceride and glucose levels were the risk factors for FLD. CONCLUSION: FLD,especially NAFLD,is prevalent in South China. There are many risk factors for FLD.

Risk factors distribution and cardiovascular disease prevalence in the Italian population: The CHECK study

Objective: To evaluate the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in a sample of the Italian population. Methods: CHECK (Cholesterol and Health: Education, Control and Knowledge) is a cross-sectional observational study in a randomised sample of the Italian adult population aged 40 - 79 years, in the setting of general practice. Results: 5846 subjects (50.3% male) were included in the analysis. The mean age [±SD] of the observed cohort was 57.8 (±10.3) years. One out of five subjects smoked cigarettes and almost 80% didn’t engage in regular leisure-time physical activity. The mean blood pressure was 132.0 [±14.7]/81.2 [±7.9] mmHg. The total and LDL-cholesterol levels were respectively 205.3 [±35.9] mg/dL and 124.9 [±29.9] mg/dL. The mean glucose concentration was 98.3 [±28.2] mg/dL. The prevalence rate of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes were respectively 51.8%, 55.6%, and 13.0%. 8.9% of the observed subjects had a history of cardiovascular events, while in the primary prevention group the 10-year-risk of coronary heart disease (Framingham algorithm) was 10.1% [±8.3%] and of cardiovascular disease (CUORE algorithm) was 5.2% [±5.9%]. Conclusion: The CHECK study provides a detailed description of a randomised sample of the Italian population, contributing to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and the main cardiovascular disease in Italy and to provide a baseline to set priorities and objectives for future intervention of health policy.

Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2022:an Updated Summary

In the past 30 years,the accessibility and quality index of medical care have made remarkable progress in China,ranking the first among middle-income countries.Many cardiovascular technologies are at or near the world's leading level,and significant progress has been achieved in China solving the problem of“treatment difficulty”of cardiovascular diseases(CVD).However,due to the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles among Chinese residents,a huge population with CVD risk factors,accelerated population aging,and other reasons,the incidence and mortality rate of CVD are still increasing,and the turning point of the decline in disease burden has not appeared yet in China.In terms of proportions of disease mortality among urban and rural residents,CVD still ranks the first.In 2020,CVD accounted for 48.00%and 45.86%of the causes of death in rural and urban areas,respectively;two out of every five deaths were due to CVD.It is estimated that the number of current CVD patients in China is around 330 million,including 13 million stroke,11.39 million coronary heart disease,8.9 million heart failure,5 million pulmonary heart disease,4.87 million atrial fibrillation,2.5 million rheumatic heart disease,2 million congenital heart disease,45.3 million peripheral artery disease,and 245 million hypertension cases.China has entered a new stage of transformation from high-speed development to high-quality development,and the prevention and control of CVD in China should also shift from previous emphasis on scale growth to strategies focusing more on strategic and key technological development in order to curb the trend of increasing incidence and mortality rates of CVD.

Clinical epidemiology and disease burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is defined as the presence of hepatic fat accumulation after the exclusion of other causes of hepatic steatosis, including other causes of liver disease, excessive alcohol consumption, and other conditions that may lead to hepatic steatosis. NAFLD encompasses a broad clinical spectrum ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and finally hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). NAFLD is the most common liver disease in the world and NASH may soon become the most common indication for liver transplantation. Ongoing persistence of obesity with increasing rate of diabetes will increase the prevalence of NAFLD, and as this population ages, many will develop cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. There has been a general increase in the prevalence of NAFLD, with Asia leading the rise, yet the United States is following closely behind with a rising prevalence from 15% in 2005 to 25% within 5 years. NAFLD is commonly associated with metabolic comorbidities, including obesity, type Ⅱ diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of NAFLD is constantly evolving. Based on NAFLD subtypes, it has the potential to progress into advanced fibrosis, end-stage liver disease and HCC. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD with advanced fibrosis, is concerning because patients appear toexperience higher liver-related and non-liver-related mortality than the general population. The increased morbidity and mortality, healthcare costs and declining health related quality of life associated with NAFLD makes it a formidable disease, and one that requires more in-depth analysis.

Diagnostic value associated with the combination of saliva pepsin and microorganisms in functional heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease

Heartburn is a common symptom shared by both gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)and functional heartburn(FHB),which can make it challenging to differentiate between the two conditions.However,examining oral manifestations of GERD can be a cost-effective and readily available method to aid in this differentiation process.It may serve as a valuable tool in distinguishing GERD from FHB.

Latin American Dialysis and Transplant Registry:Experience and contributions to end-stage renal disease epidemiology

In 2015, 634387 million people(9% of the world's population) resided in Latin America(LA), with half of those populating Brazil and Mexico. The LA Dialysis and Transplant Registry was initiated in 1991, with the aim of collecting data on renal replacement therapy(RRT) from the 20 LA-affiliated countries. Since then, the Registry has revealed a trend of increasing prevalence and incidence of end-stage kidney disease on RRT, which is ongoing and is correlated with gross national income, life expectancy at birth, and percentage of population that is older than 65 years. In addition, the rate of kidney transplantation has increased yearly, with > 70% being performed from deceased donors. According to the numbers reported for 2013, the rates of prevalence, incidence and transplantation were(in patients per million population) 669, 149 and 19.4, respectively. Hemodialysis was the treatment of choice(90%), and 43% of the patients undergoing this treatment was located in Brazil; in contrast, peritoneal dialysis prevailed in Costa Rica, El Salvador and Guatemala. To date, the Registry remains the only source of RRT data available to healthcare authorities in many LA countries. It not only serves to promote knowledge regarding epidemiology of end-stage renal disease and the related RRT but also for training of nephrologists and renal researchers, to improve understanding and clinical application of dialysis and transplantation services. In LA, accessibility to RRT is still limited and it remains necessary to develop effective programs that will reduce risk factors, promote early diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease, and strengthen transplantation programs.

Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2021:An Updated Summary

In 2019,cardiovascular disease(CVD)accounted for 46.74%and 44.26%of all deaths in rural and urban areas,respectively.Two out of every five deaths were due to CVD.It is estimated that about 330 million patients suffer from CVD in China.The number of patients suffering from stroke,coronary heart disease,heart failure,pulmonary heart disease,atrial fibrillation,rheumatic heart disease,congenital heart disease,lower extremity artery disease and hypertension are 13.00 million,11.39 million,8.90 million,5.00 million,4.87 million,2.50 million,2.00 million,45.30 million,and 245.00 million,respectively.Given that China is challenged by the dual pressures of population aging and steady rise in the prevalence of metabolic risk factors,the burden caused by CVD will continue to increase,which has set new requirements for CVD prevention and treatment and the allocation of medical resources in China.It is important to reduce the prevalence through primary prevention,increase the allocation of medical resources for CVD emergency and critical care,and provide rehabilitation services and secondary prevention to reduce the risk of recurrence,re-hospitalization and disability in CVD survivors.The number of people suffering from hypertension,dyslipidemia and diabetes in China has reached hundreds of millions.Since blood pressure,blood lipids,and blood glucose levels rise mostly insidiously,vascular disease or even serious events such as myocardial infarction and stroke often already occured at the time of detection in this population.Hence,more strategies and tasks should be taken to prevent risk factors such as hypertension,dyslipidemia,diabetes,obesity,and smoking,and more efforts should be made in the assessment of cardiovascular health status and the prevention,treatment,and research of early pathological changes.

Dental evaluation is helpful in the differentiation of functional heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease

BACKGROUND Heartburn is identically the key symptom of both,gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)and functional heartburn(FHB),making the differential diagnosis resource-intensive.Oral manifestations of GERD can be easily examined;therefore,their exploration might be a cheap,widely available,and useful tool in the differentiation of GERD and FHB.AIM To evaluate the prevalence of dental erosions(DE)and periodontal diseases(PD)in patients with heartburn and their association with GERD and FHB.METHODS A total of 116[M/F:51/65,mean age:54(17-80)years]consecutive patients with heartburn were enrolled for detailed esophageal function and orodental examinations.RESULTS Dental disorders were detected in 89%(103/116).Patients with PD+DE had significantly more often pathologic reflux(90.0%vs 27.8%;P<0.05),higher esophagitis scores(1.8 vs 0.9;P<0.05),and a significantly different mean impedance curve(P=0.04)than those without any dental diseases.The opposite approach established that patients with GERD had significantly higher prevalence of DE and PD,especially if both were present(28.9%vs 2.0%;P<0.01),more severe PD(1.5 vs 1.0;P<0.01),and longer history of heartburn(15 years vs 9 years;P<0.01)than those with FHB.CONCLUSION The dental evaluation of patients with heartburn seems to be useful in the differential diagnosis of GERD and FHB.Among the studied parameters,the co-appearance of DE and PD seems to be the best predictor of GERD,whereas the absence of dental disorders was mostly observed in FHB.

《中国心血管健康与疾病报告2023》要点解读

随着社会经济的发展,国民生活方式的变化,尤其是人口老龄化及城镇化进程的加速,居民不健康的生活方式日益突出,心血管疾病(cardiovascular diseases,CVD)危险因素对居民健康的影响愈加显著,CVD的发病率仍持续增高。CVD给居民和社会带来的经济负担日渐加重,已成为重大的公共卫生问题,加强政府主导的CVD防治工作刻不容缓。国家心血管病中心自2005年以来,每年组织全国相关领域专家编撰《中国心血管健康与疾病报告》。

天津地区部分居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病影响因素分析

目的 分析天津部分地区常住居民肺通气功能情况及拟诊慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的影响因素,为天津地区COPD的精准防控提供参考。方法 于2022年6月—12月随机抽取天津市和平区、津南区和宝坻区的35岁及以上的常住居民5 693例。收集基本信息、吸烟史、治疗用药,填写中国慢阻肺筛查问卷(COPD-SQ)。根据COPDSQ结果,将研究对象分为COPD低危组(COPD-SQ评分<16分,4 648例)及COPD高危组(COPD-SQ评分≥16分,1 045例)。进行体格检查并完成肺功能筛查。采用多因素Logistic回归分析COPD患病的独立危险因素。结果 纳入对象年龄56(48,64)岁,男性2 393例(42.0%),吸烟1 381例(24.3%),体质量指数(BMI)25.1(23.0,27.6)kg/m^(2),腰臀比0.917(0.874,0.957),拟诊COPD 650例(11.4%);正在接受规范的COPD患者18例,占拟诊COPD人群的2.8%。与COPD低危组相比,COPD高危组男性占比、年龄、吸烟率、腰臀比、血压及拟诊COPD占比较高,BMI、外周经皮血氧饱和度、FVC占预计值的百分比、FEV1占预计值的百分比、1秒用力呼气量占用力肺活量百分比、呼气峰流量占预计值的百分比、最大呼气中期流量占预计值的百分比、PEF50占预计值的百分比较低(均P<0.05)。和平区、津南区及宝坻区吸烟及拟诊COPD占比差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,男性、吸烟以及高龄是拟诊COPD的独立影响因素。结论 天津地区35岁及以上常住居民吸烟率较高,年龄、吸烟状况及性别均与COPD的发病相关。

1990-2019年金砖国家慢性阻塞性肺疾病疾病负担研究

背景作为新兴经济体,金砖国家(巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非)慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)疾病负担的显著增加成为其共同面临的卫生挑战。目的本研究旨在了解金砖国家因COPD所致疾病负担现状、既往变化趋势和归因危险因素,为我国评价和制定COPD防控策略、加强金砖国家卫生合作提供依据。方法利用2019年全球疾病负担研究(GBD 2019),对1990—2019年金砖国家COPD的患病率、死亡率、伤残寿命调整年(DALY)率的变化趋势进行描述,使用Joinpoint软件计算其年度变化百分比(APC)与平均年度变化百分比(AAPC),运用人群归因危险百分比(PAF)估计不同危险因素导致COPD疾病负担的比例。结果2019年金砖国家疾病负担均随年龄增长呈上升趋势,在45岁以上增长迅速且存在一定性别差异;1990—2019年金砖国家COPD患病率均呈上升趋势,除印度外其他金砖国家的死亡率和DALY率均观察到下降趋势;金砖国家标化患病率、标化死亡率和标化DALY率的AAPC均呈下降趋势,中国下降幅度最大,AAPC分别为-1.14%、-4.22%和-4.17%(P<0.05);烟草使用是巴西、俄罗斯、中国和南非COPD疾病负担的首位危险因素,PAF均超过50%,而印度的首位危险因素为空气污染。结论金砖国家COPD疾病负担依然沉重,且不同国家内部存在差异;金砖国家COPD防治行动取得积极成果,但总体改善程度不及亚太高收入国家;中国COPD疾病负担总量下降趋势明显,但防控形势依旧严峻;金砖国家应更加关注中老年群体的COPD防治,同时持续关注因烟草使用和环境污染等引起的健康效应问题。

《中国心血管健康与疾病报告2023》概要(心血管疾病流行及介入诊疗状况)

由于我国居民不健康生活方式突出,人口老龄化及城镇化进程加速,心血管疾病(CVD)危险因素对居民健康的影响越加显著,我国CVD的发病率仍持续增高。推算CVD现患人数3.3亿,其中脑卒中1 300万,冠心病1 139万,心力衰竭890万,肺源性心脏病500万,心房颤动487万,风湿性心脏病250万,先天性心脏病200万,外周动脉疾病4 530万,高血压2.45亿。CVD给居民和社会带来的经济负担日渐加重,已成为重大的公共卫生问题。而CVD防治的拐点尚未到来,加强政府主导的CVD防治工作刻不容缓。

《中国心血管健康与疾病报告2023》要点解读

中国心血管病(CVD)患病率处于持续上升阶段。推算CVD现患人数3.3亿,其中卒中1300万,冠心病(CHD)1139万,心力衰竭(HF)890万,肺源性心脏病500万,心房颤动487万,风湿性心脏病250万,先天性心脏病200万,外周动脉疾病(PAD)4530万,高血压2.45亿。2021年中国心脑血管疾病患者出院总人次数为2764.98万,占同期出院总人次数(包括所有住院病种)的15.36%,其中CVD 1487.23万人次,占8.26%,脑血管病1277.75万人次,占7.10%。CVD给居民和社会带来的经济负担仍在加重,CVD防治的拐点尚未到来。

《中国心血管健康与疾病报告2023》要点解读

中国心血管病(CVD)患病率处于持续上升阶段。推算CVD现患人数3.3亿,其中卒中1300万,冠心病(CHD)1139万,心力衰竭(HF)890万,肺源性心脏病500万,心房颤动487万,风湿性心脏病250万,先天性心脏病200万,外周动脉疾病(PAD)4530万,高血压2.45亿。2021年,中国心脑血管疾病患者出院总人次数为2764.98万,占同期出院总人次数(包括所有住院病种)的15.36%,其中CVD 1487.23万人次,占8.26%,脑血管病1277.75万人次,占7.10%。心血管病给居民和社会带来的经济负担持续加重,CVD防治的拐点仍未到来。

烟台市慢性病人群筛查与危险因素分析

目的本研究旨在对烟台市慢性病人群进行筛查及慢性病危险因素分析。方法在2021年5月—2022年5月对烟台市芝罘区≥35岁的常住居民进行慢性病筛查,选取了870名高危慢性病人群(研究组)和870名健康人群(对照组)为研究对象。将问卷调查与体格检查相结合,详细记录数据和体检结果,对慢性病人群的特点及疾病发生的危险因素进行分析。结果年龄、体质指数、吸烟史、饮酒史、家族史均是慢性病发生的独立危险因素(OR=4.792、4.284、4.591、4.433、4.581,P均<0.05)。结论年龄、体质指数、吸烟史、饮酒史、家族史均是慢性病发生的独立危险因素,对慢性病的发生与发展具有推动作用。

代谢相关脂肪性肝病的流行病学研究进展

代谢相关脂肪性肝病(MAFLD)已成为全球慢性肝病的主要病因之一。MAFLD发病的危险因素众多,包括年龄、性别、代谢综合征等常见的危险因素,随着疾病进展,会导致心血管疾病、慢性肾脏病及其他相关并发症。了解MAFLD的流行病学特征、危险因素及相关并发症的最新研究进展,可为了解疾病进展及相关防控策略的研究提供依据。

《中国心血管健康与疾病报告2022》要点解读

由于中国人口老龄化进程的加速以及不健康生活方式的流行,存在心血管病(CVD)危险因素的人群巨大,中国CVD负担持续加重。在我国城乡居民疾病死亡构成比中,CVD仍居首位。2020年,农村、城市CVD分别占死因的48.00%和45.86%,每5例死亡中就有2例死于CVD。推算我国CVD现患人数3.3亿,其中脑卒中1300万,冠心病1139万,心力衰竭890万,肺源性心脏病500万,心房颤动487万,风湿性心脏病250万,先天性心脏病200万,外周动脉疾病4530万,高血压2.45亿。2020年中国心脑血管疾病的住院总费用合计为2709.01亿元。CVD防治工作仍然任重道远。总的来说,我国应从“已病”和“未病”双重着手,既要做好CVD的二级预防治疗,还应进一步强化高血压、高血糖、高血脂等可调节危险因素的上游治疗,并注重卫生保健和公共卫生资源的分配和优先次序,以期更早地迎来CVD防治拐点。

1990~2019年中国颈脊髓损伤的流行病学调查

目的:研究1990~2019年中国颈脊髓损伤的发病率、患病率、致病原因、地域分布及年度变化趋势等流行病学特征。方法:采用全球疾病、伤害和风险因素负担研究报告(Global Burden of Diseases,Injuries,and Risk Factors Study,GBD)2019相关数据来计算中国整体颈脊髓损伤的发病率、患病率、年龄标化发病率和年龄标化患病率,采用中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心提供的不包含台湾地区在内的33个省级行政区数据(包括31个省/自治区/直辖市,香港和澳门特别行政区),对各行政区的颈脊髓损伤致病原因、地域分布及年度变化趋势等进行系统分析。结果:从1990~2019年,中国不包含台湾地区在内的33个省级行政区颈脊髓损伤患病人数从103.4万人增加到248.6万人,增加了140.51%,年龄标化患病率从0.09%增加至0.13%。1990年颈脊髓损伤的患病率在65~69岁达到峰值(男性50~54岁,女性75~79岁),而2019年在90~94岁年龄段达到峰值(男性65~69岁,女性85~89岁)。2019年,东部发达地区的年龄标化发病率和年龄标化患病率最高,如浙江分别为[11.44(7.34~17.48)/10万]和[212.00(196.52~229.10)/10万],上海分别为[10.84(7.15~16.24)/10万]和[226.43(209.93-246.36)/10万],江苏分别为[9.68(6.31~14.70)/10万]和[180.44(167.29~193.92)/10万]。此外,1990~2019年四川的年龄标化发病率和年龄标化患病率变化最大,变化值分别为[0.79(0.64~0.92)/10万]和[0.85(0.73~1.01)/10万]。2019年颈脊髓损伤的主要致病原因是跌倒和道路损伤,但各省级行政区的患病率和具体病因又各有不同。结论:1990~2019年间中国颈脊髓损伤的疾病负担明显加重,但因地域不同又有所差异。鉴于致病原因以跌倒和道路损伤为主,对发达地区和老年患者,应制定精准的预防和治疗策略,从而尽快控制和降低沉重的个人、家庭和社会负担。