Measuring Ca^(2+) influxes of TRPC1-dependent Ca^(2+) channels in HL-7702 cells with Non-invasive Micro-test Technique

AIM： To explore the possibility of using the Noninvasive Micro-test Technique （NMT） to investigate the role of Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 1 （TRPC1） in regulating Ca^2＋ influxes in HL-7702 cells, a normal human liver cell line.METHODS： Net Ca^2＋ fluxes were measured with NMT, a technology that can obtain dynamic information of specific/selective ionic/molecular activities on material surfaces, non-invasively. The expression levels of TRPCl were increased by liposomal transfection, whose effectiveness was evaluated by Western-blotting and single cell reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS： Ca^2＋ influxes could be elicited by adding 1 mmol/L CaCl2 to the test solution of HL-7702 cells. They were enhanced by addition of 20 μmol/L noradrenalin and inhibited by 100 μmol/L LaCl3 （a non-selective Ca^2＋ channel blocker）; 5 μmol/L nifedipine did not induce any change. Overexpression of TRPCl caused increased Ca^2＋ influx. Five micromoles per liter nifedipine did not inhibit this elevation, whereas 100 μmol/L LaCI3 did.CONCLUSION： In HL-7702 cells, there is a type of TRPCl-dependent Ca^2＋ channel, which could be detected v/a NMT and inhibited by La^3＋.

Measurement of Ca^(2+) Flow in Cochlear Cells Using Non-Invasive Micro-Test Technique

Objective To test Calcium ion(Ca2+) flow at the head and end of outer hair cells(OHCs) in resting state and in response to Nimodipine treatment.Methods Non-invasive micro-test techniques were used to study Ca2+ in isolated OHCs in adult guinea pigs.Results Four types of Ca2+ transport were identified in OHCs on basilar membrane tissue fragments:influx at the head of with efflux at the bottom(type 1):efflux at the head of OHCs with influx at the bottom(type 2);influx at the both head and bottom(type 3);and efflux at the both head and bottom(type 4).However,only type 1 and type 3 of Ca2+ ion transport were detected in the cochlea.We propose that Ca2+ ion transport exists in adult guinea pig cochlear OHCs in resting state and is variable.Ca2 + flow in OHC can be inhibited by Nimodipine in resting state.

Brain-targeted drug delivery assisted by physical techniques and its potential applications in traditional Chinese medicine

The blood-brain barrier(BBB)constitutes a major obstacle to effective delivery of drugs to the brain.Recent technological advances have led to improvements in brain-targeted drug delivery.In this review,we summarize existing technologies for efficient drug delivery across the BBB.We discuss the mechanisms of current BBB-based drug delivery strategies and introduce prospects for application in braint-argeted delivery of traditional Chinese medicine.We highlight the use of physical techniques for brain-targeted drug delivery,including electroporation,ultrasound,magnetophoresis,microneedles,microwaves,and laser.The characteristics of these techniques and relevant studies employing these approaches are discussed.In general,microneedles,lasers,ultrasound,electroporation,magnetophoresis,and microwaves are effective for drug delivery across the BBB.Notably,the synergistic effects of multiple approaches are superior to the additive effects of each technique in isolation.Our review provides guidance for the practical application of brain-targeted drug delivery techniques in an efficient and safe manner.

Non-invasive evaluation of liver stiffness after splenectomy in rabbits with CCl_4-induced liver fibrosis

AIM To investigate the diagnostic performance of liver stiffness measurement(LSM) by elastography point quantification(Elast PQ) in animal models and determine the longitudinal changes in liver stiffness by Elast PQ after splenectomy at different stages of fibrosis.METHODS Liver stiffness was measured in sixty-eight rabbits with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis at different stages and eight healthy control rabbits by Elast PQ. Liver biopsies and blood samples were obtained at scheduled time points to assess liver function and degree of fibrosis. Thirty-one rabbits with complete data that underwent splenectomy at different stages of liver fibrosis were then included for dynamic monitoring of changes in liver stiffness by Elast PQ and liver function according to blood tests.RESULTS LSM by Elast PQ was significantly correlated with histologic fibrosis stage(r = 0.85, P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff values by Elast PQ were 11.27, 14.89, and 18.21 k Pa for predicting minimal fibrosis, moderate fibrosis, and cirrhosis, respectively. Longitudinalmonitoring of the changes in liver stiffness by Elast PQ showed that early splenectomy(especially F1) may delay liver fibrosis progression.CONCLUSION Elast PQ is an available, convenient, objective and non-invasive technique for assessing liver stiffness in rabbits with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. In addition, liver stiffness measurements using Elast PQ can dynamically monitor the changes in liver stiffness in rabbit models, and in patients, after splenectomy.

Non-Invasive Early Diagnosis of Obstructive Lung Diseases Leveraging Machine Learning Algorithms

Lungs are a vital human body organ,and different Obstructive Lung Diseases(OLD)such as asthma,bronchitis,or lung cancer are caused by shortcomings within the lungs.Therefore,early diagnosis of OLD is crucial for such patients suffering from OLD since,after early diagnosis,breathing exercises and medical precautions can effectively improve their health state.A secure non-invasive early diagnosis of OLD is a primordial need,and in this context,digital image processing supported by Artificial Intelligence(AI)techniques is reliable and widely used in the medical field,especially for improving early disease diagnosis.Hence,this article presents an AIbased non-invasive and secured diagnosis for OLD using physiological and iris features.This research work implements different machine-learning-based techniques which classify various subjects,which are healthy and effective patients.The iris features include gray-level run-length matrix-based features,gray-level co-occurrence matrix,and statistical features.These features are extracted from iris images.Additionally,ten different classifiers and voting techniques,including hard and soft voting,are implemented and tested,and their performances are evaluated using several parameters,which are precision,accuracy,specificity,F-score,and sensitivity.Based on the statistical analysis,it is concluded that the proposed approach offers promising techniques for the non-invasive early diagnosis of OLD with an accuracy of 97.6%.

催眠技术联合镇痛仪应用于自然分娩产程对母婴结局的影响研究

目的:探究催眠技术与非药物镇痛仪联合应用于自然分娩产程中对母婴结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析郑州大学第一附属医院2021年3月—2022年3月收治的315例产妇的临床资料,且产妇入院时均有意愿自然分娩。根据产妇个人对镇痛方式选择的意愿分为对照组(n=156)和观察组(n=159)。对照组产妇采用常规镇痛,观察组产妇给予催眠技术与非药物镇痛仪相结合镇痛。对比两组产妇分娩的母婴结局。结果:干预后,观察组产妇各项分娩情况均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=17.575、12.317、11.359、71.114,P<0.05);各产程阶段的产痛情况均轻于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=7.646、11.396、13.621,P<0.05);观察组产妇顺产率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=21.453,P<0.05);观察组产妇新生儿结局优于对照组,各项情绪评分低于对照组,各项血流动力学指标明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=34.330、20.998、43.589、20.335、19.225、17.060,P<0.05)。结论:在分娩过程中,给予产妇催眠技术联合非药物镇痛仪展开镇痛干预,可合理缩短产程,减轻各产程产痛程度,提高顺产率,改善新生儿结局,减少产妇分娩中焦虑等负面情绪,稳定生命体征,保障母婴结局。

调强技术、治疗部位以及剂量体积算法对调强放疗计划三维剂量验证结果的影响研究

目的:研究调强技术、治疗部位以及剂量体积算法对调强放疗(intensity-modulated radiation therapy,IMRT)计划三维剂量验证结果的影响,探究建立个体化放疗计划质量保证(quality assurance,QA)评估标准的重要性。方法:回顾性选取2017年1月—2022年2月在某院接受放疗的350例肿瘤患者IMRT计划的三维剂量验证结果,通过COMPASS系统进行数据采集,分别以不同调强技术(固定射束调强放疗、容积旋转调强放疗)、治疗部位(颈部、胸部和腹部)和剂量体积算法(各向异性解析算法和坍缩锥卷积算法)进行分组。比较各组3%/2 mm标准下的10%处方剂量区域的Gamma通过率(GP_(10%))、50%处方剂量区域的Gamma通过率(GP_(50%))和50%处方剂量区域的平均Gamma指数(μGI_(50%)),95%靶区体积的剂量D_(95%)、5%靶区体积的剂量D_(5%)和靶区平均剂量Dmean,头颈部放疗计划下腮腺的平均剂量D_(mean)、1%脊髓体积的剂量D_(1%)和1%脑干体积的剂量D_(1%),胸部放疗计划下肺、心脏的平均剂量D_(mean)和1%脊髓体积的剂量D_(1%),腹部放疗计划下膀胱、直肠和股骨头的平均剂量D_(mean)。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计学分析。结果:对于不同调强技术,除了腹部放疗计划的GP_(50%)之外,其余QA结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对于不同治疗部位,头颈部和腹部放疗计划、胸部和腹部放疗计划的QA结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),头颈部和胸部放疗计划的QA结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对于不同剂量体积算法,除了腹部放疗计划计划靶区(planning target volume,PTV)的D5%和胸部放疗计划PTV的D_(mean)和脊髓的D1%之外,其余的QA结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:剂量验证结果会因调强技术、治疗部位和剂量体积算法的不同而产生差异。当通用评估阈值不适用时,可考虑采用AAPM TG-218号报告所推荐的统计过程控制方法建立符合实际情况的放疗计划个性化QA评估标准。

无痛分娩技术在产科分娩中的应用效果分析

目的:分析无痛分娩技术在产科分娩中的应用效果。方法:选取2021年1月—2023年1月于北京市顺义区妇幼保健院产科分娩的产妇120例作为研究对象,随机分为试验组与对照组,各60例。对照组实施常规分娩,试验组实施无痛分娩。比较两组分娩情况。结果:试验组自然分娩率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.013)。试验组总产程时间短于对照组,产后出血量少于对照组,新生儿Apgar评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。试验组侧切会阴、宫颈裂伤发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:无痛分娩技术在产科分娩中的应用效果显著,能够提高自然分娩率,缩短产程时间,减少产后出血,改善新生儿健康状况,减少生殖道受损。

支撑鞘与圈套导丝平行锚定技术在经导管三尖瓣置换术中的应用1例

经导管三尖瓣置换术(TTVR)创伤小,恢复快,围术期死亡率远低于外科手术,是三尖瓣外科置换术后生物瓣膜衰败患者的首选治疗方式。但是当输送系统体积较大时,由于外科换瓣后瓣口面积减小,瓣架限制操作,可能会出现输送系统推进困难,并且由于右心路径曲折,导丝提供的支撑力有限,操作难度也会有所增加。本病例报道中的患者即为外科三尖瓣置换后生物瓣衰败,在进行TTVR时出现输送系统跨瓣困难,笔者团队及时运用本中心提出的支撑鞘与圈套导丝平行锚定(PASS)技术,使用大尺寸支撑鞘联合圈套器套住主路加硬导丝头端,将曲折路径拉直,为加硬导丝提供额外支撑力,最终成功推进输送系统跨过三尖瓣,为破解TTVR术中跨瓣困难提供了切实有效的借鉴。

拆台正位接生技术在自然分娩第二产程中的应用研究

研究在自然分娩第二产程中应用拆台正位接生技术的有效性。选取2022年6月—2023年6月兴义市人民医院收治的310例自然分娩产妇为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将产妇分为参照组和研究组,每组各155例。参照组应用传统接生法,研究组应用拆台正位接生技术,比较两种接生方法的应用价值。结果显示,研究组产妇第二产程时间、住院时间短于参照组,阴道出血量少于参照组(P<0.05);研究组产妇的会阴侧切率、新生儿窒息率均低于参照组(P<0.05);研究组产后会阴疼痛评分明显低于参照组(P<0.05);研究组分娩结局明显优于参照组(P<0.05)。研究发现,产妇第二产程中应用拆台正位接生技术分娩不仅能够提高产科质量,还能保证产妇在分娩过程中的舒适感,缩短第二产程时间和住院时间,减少产后出血,降低会阴侧切率和新生儿窒息率,减轻助产士腰肌劳损症状,值得临床推广应用。

Neuromodulation for tinnitus treatment:an overview of invasive and non-invasive techniques

Tinnitus is defined as a perception of sound without any external sound source.Chronic tinnitus is a frequent condition that can affect the quality of life.So far,no causal cure for tinnitus has been documented,and most pharmacologic and psychosomatic treatment modalities aim to diminish tinnitus’impact on the quality of life.Neuromodulation,a novel therapeutic modality,which aims at alternating nerve activity through a targeted delivery of a stimulus,has emerged as a potential option in tinnitus treatment.This review provides a brief overview of the current neuromodulation techniques as tinnitus treatment options.The main intention is to provide updated knowledge especially for medical professionals counselling tinnitus patients in this emerging field of medicine.Non-invasive methods such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial electrical stimulation,neurofeedback,and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation were included,as well as invasive methods such as implanted vagus nerve stimulation and invasive brain stimulation.Some of these neuromodulation techniques revealed promising results;nevertheless,further research is needed,especially regarding the pathophysiological principle as to how these neuromodulation techniques work and what neuronal change they induce.Various studies suggest that individually different brain states and networks are involved in the generation and perception of tinnitus.Therefore,in the future,individually tailored neuromodulation strategies could be a promising approach in tinnitus treatment for achieving a more substantial and longer lasting improvement of complaints.

Challenges and trends in apomorphine drug delivery systems for the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease(PD) is a chronic debilitating disease affecting approximately 1% of the population over the age of 60. The severity of PD is correlated to the degree of dopaminergic neuronal loss. Apomorphine has a similar chemical structure as the neurotransmitter dopamine and has been used for the treatment of advanced PD patients. In PD patients,apomorphine is normally administered subcutaneously with frequent injections because of the compound's extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism. There is, hence, a large unmet need for alternative administrative routes for apomorphine to improve patient compliance.The present review focuses on the research and development of alternative delivery of apomorphine, aiming to highlight the potential of non-invasive apomorphine therapy in PD,such as sublingual delivery and transdermal delivery.

纳米结构脂质载体制备及在功能食品中的应用研究进展

纳米结构脂质载体是食品工业中的新剂型,作为功能食品的递送系统,具有较高的载药量和包封率,可有效增加脂溶性生物活性物质的生物利用度和稳定性,提升食品营养价值和安全性,并能控制包封材料的释放,具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了纳米结构脂质载体的结构特征分类(缺陷型、无定型和复合型)与常用制备方法,即热或冷高压均质法、溶剂扩散法、溶剂蒸发法、溶剂注入/溶剂置换法、微乳法、乳化超声法、薄膜接触器法、相转化技术和超临界流体技术的工艺流程及优缺点;总结了纳米结构脂质载体对功能食品领域中必需脂肪酸、类胡萝卜素、植物甾醇、脂溶性维生素、多酚类化合物等生物活性物质的保护与传递;并对纳米结构脂质载体递送体系在食品领域存在的局限性及未来研究趋势进行了总结和探讨,以期为后续研究提供参考。

不同娩头手法对胎头深陷行剖宫产术后母婴结局的影响

目的探究不同娩头手法对胎头深陷行剖宫产术后母婴结局的影响。方法选取2020年7月至2022年8月鹰潭市妇幼保健院收治的60例急诊单胎头位深陷而试产失败行剖宫产孕妇作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组(n=20)、对照1组(n=20)和对照2组(n=20)。观察组采用头低位行阴道上推胎头后切开子宫,对照1组采用头低位行阴道上推胎头前切开子宫,对照2组采用改臀牵组。比较三组围手术期指标、术后并发症和新生儿体征指数。结果观察组产妇的剖宫产手术时间和住院时间均短于对照1组和对照2组,术中出血量少于对照1组和对照2组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。剖宫产分娩结束3 d内,观察组产妇的术后并发症发生率与新生儿术后并发症发病率均低于对照1组和对照2组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.017)。分娩后,三组新生儿的出生体重比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组新生儿的Apgar评分高于对照1组和对照2组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于急诊单胎头位深陷试产失败而行剖宫产临床分娩,头低位行上推胎头后切开子宫的娩头手法能够有效降低术后母婴不良结局的发生风险,同时改善产妇围手术期指标,进而促进其术后恢复与母婴健康,临床应用价值较高。

舟山港主通道南通航孔桥钢箱梁架设关键技术

宁波舟山港主通道南通航孔桥为主跨390 m的双塔双索面钢箱梁斜拉桥,主梁采用整体式扁平流线型全断面封闭薄壁钢箱梁,标准断面宽34 m,高3.5 m,标准梁段吊重272 t,梁段最大吊重303 t。主桥钢箱梁共划分为55个梁段,桥塔区梁段采用“浮吊+牵引滑移法”架设,标准梁段采用340 t桥面吊机对称吊装,辅助墩、过渡墩墩顶梁段采用“浮吊+三向千斤顶精调就位法”架设。桥塔区墩旁支架设计为落地式倾斜墩旁支架,与桥塔下横梁支架连接成整体,解决了支架与桥塔塔肢连接不便的难题;塔梁三向临时约束体系设计时考虑钢箱梁各施工阶段的百年一遇风荷载,保证了钢箱梁的安全架设;通过设置对拉螺杆、螺栓连接件和止顶板等临时匹配件,采用马板、临时匹配件及千斤顶等措施对梁段端面进行匹配调平,实现了钢箱梁梁段的精确匹配连接。

持续椎管内分娩镇痛联合无保护会阴技术在第二产程的应用

目的探讨持续椎管内分娩镇痛联合无保护会阴技术在产妇第二产程分娩过程中的应用效果。方法选取2021年1-12月抚州市第一人民医院收治的60例产妇,按随机数字表法分为2组,各30例。对照组采取传统助产术,观察组采用持续椎管内分娩镇痛联合无保护会阴接生技术,比较2组产程时间、产后出血量、新生儿Apgar评分、会阴情况、不良分娩结局发生率和产妇满意度。结果观察组第一产程时间、第二产程时间、第三产程时间均短于对照组,产后出血量少于对照组,新生儿Apgar评分高于对照组,会阴感染、会阴水肿总发生率低于对照组,有统计学差异(P<0.05);观察组不良分娩结局发生率低于对照组,有统计学差异(P<0.05);观察组产妇满意度中操作技术、服务态度、舒适程度、健康指导评分均高于对照组,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论持续椎管内分娩镇痛联合无保护会阴技术能够缩短产妇总产程时间,减少产后出血量,减轻会阴损伤,降低不良分娩结局发生,促进产妇满意度提升。

产科临床中无痛分娩技术对初产妇心理的影响探讨

目的:研究产科临床中无痛分娩技术对初产妇心理的影响。方法:选择本院产科2020年9月至2021年9月40名初产妇进行待产护理,采用随机数字表将其分成观察组和对照组。观察组采取无痛分娩技术,对照组采取自然分娩。比较两组初产妇分娩产程以及心理状态。结果:观察组自然分娩率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组产妇心理健康状态评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:无痛分娩技术可以有效改善产妇的心理状况,帮助产妇主动选择自然分娩方式,降低剖宫产率。

基于温敏型材料静电纺丝新型载药系统的教学实验设计开发

静电纺丝纤维因具有可控的纤维尺寸、比表面积大、孔隙率高、功能性强等优点,已广泛应用于生物医药、食品、能源等领域,在药物递送领域也展现出良好的应用前景。该文结合温敏型材料和静电纺丝技术的特点,设计构建了具有温控释放特性的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PNIPAM/PVP)新型载药静电纺丝纤维,显著改善了硝酸咪康唑的溶解性,并实现了对负载药物的温控释放。该实验设计成功地将相关科研成果转化为药学实验教学资源,有助于学生理解和掌握功能性静电纺丝纤维的制备及性能评价方法,激发学习兴趣和科研热情,提升科研素养。

无痛分娩技术在产科临床中的应用效果分析

对无痛分娩技术应用于产科临床中的效果进行分析。选取2020年在贵州中医药大学第一附属医院产科分娩的产妇作为研究的样本,通过纳入与排除标准从中选取68例产妇作为研究对象,根据产妇的意愿采取不同的分娩措施,其中将采用传统分娩措施的产妇作为对照组,采用无痛分娩措施的产妇作为探究组。对比两组产妇疼痛评分、焦虑评分以及产妇的分娩情况和住院时间。结果显示,与对照组相比,探究组产妇疼痛评分明显更低,分娩情况明显更优,同时产妇的住院时间相对较短,产妇的心理状态相对较好。研究发现,通过采用无痛分娩技术,可以提升产妇的分娩效果,缩短产妇住院时间,降低产妇的疼痛程度,并且能够对产妇的心理进行调整,避免产后抑郁等问题的出现,实现产妇分娩的质量提升。