Analysis of the Effect of Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in Emergency Treatment of Severe Bronchial Asthma with Respiratory Failure

Objective:This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation(NIPPV)in patients with severe bronchial asthma combined with respiratory failure.Methods:90 patients with severe bronchial asthma combined with respiratory failure between September 2022 and December 2023 were selected for the study and randomly divided into the experimental group(NIPPV-assisted treatment)and the control group.The differences between the two groups were compared in terms of total effective rate of treatment,days of clinical symptom disappearance,days of hospitalization,lung function indexes,incidence of adverse reactions,and quality of life.Results:Patients in the experimental group had a significantly higher total effective rate of treatment(97.78%)than the control group(75.56%).In terms of pulmonary function indexes,patients in the experimental group showed significant improvement after treatment,especially the increase in forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity,while these improvements were not as obvious in the control group.In addition,the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group,suggesting that the application of NIPPV is relatively safe.Quality of life assessment also showed that patients in the experimental group had significantly better quality of life than the control group after treatment.Conclusion:This study demonstrated the effectiveness of NIPPV as an adjunctive treatment for severe bronchial asthma combined with respiratory failure.NIPPV can improve lung function,reduce the incidence of adverse effects,increase the overall effectiveness of the treatment,and contribute to the improvement of patients'quality of life.Therefore,NIPPV should be regarded as an effective and safe treatment in clinical management,especially in patients with severe bronchial asthma combined with respiratory failure,where its application has potential clinical significance.

Effects of pulmonary surfactant combined with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome

BACKGROUND Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS)is one of the most common diseases in neonatal intensive care units,with an incidence rate of about 7%among infants.Additionally,it is a leading cause of neonatal death in hospitals in China.The main mechanism of the disease is hypoxemia and hypercapnia caused by lack of surfactant AIM To explore the effect of pulmonary surfactant(PS)combined with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on keratin-14(KRT-14)and endothelin-1(ET-1)levels in peripheral blood and the effectiveness in treating NRDS.METHODS Altogether 137 neonates with respiratory distress syndrome treated in our hospital from April 2019 to July 2021 were included.Of these,64 control cases were treated with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and 73 observation cases were treated with PS combined with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation.The expression of KRT-14 and ET-1 in the two groups was compared.The deaths,complications,and PaO_(2),PaCO_(2),and PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)blood gas indexes in the two groups were compared.Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)analysis was used to determine the diagnostic value of KRT-14 and ET-1 in the treatment of NRDS.RESULTS The observation group had a significantly higher effectiveness rate than the control group.There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of neonatal mortality and adverse reactions,such as bronchial dysplasia,cyanosis,and shortness of breath.After treatment,the levels of PaO_(2)and PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)in both groups were significantly higher than before treatment,while the level of PaCO_(2)was significantly lower.After treatment,the observation group had significantly higher levels of PaO_(2)and PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)than the control group,while PaCO_(2)was notably lower in the observation group.After treatment,the KRT-14 and ET-1 levels in both groups were significantly decreased compared with the pre-treatment levels.The observation group had a reduction of KRT-14 and ET-1 levels than the control group.ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of KRT-14 was 0.791,and the AUC of ET-1 was 0.816.CONCLUSION Combining PS with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation significantly improved the effectiveness of NRDS therapy.KRT-14 and ET-1 levels may have potential as therapeutic and diagnostic indicators.

Effect of lung lavage via fiber bronchoscope combined with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation on the blood gas results and systemic state of patients with COPD complicated by severe pneumonia

Objective: To discuss the effect of lung lavage via fiber bronchoscope combined with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation on the blood gas results and systemic state of patients with COPD complicated by severe pneumonia. Methods: A total of 68 patients with COPD complicated by severe pneumonia who were treated in the hospital between November 2015 and April 2017 were collected, retrospectively analyzed and then divided into the group A (n=35) who received noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and the group B (n=33) who received lung lavage via fiber bronchoscope combined with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation. The differences in arterial blood gas and serum index levels were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results: Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in arterial blood gas index levels as well as serum contents of inflammatory mediators, stress hormones and myocardial enzyme spectrum indexes between the two groups. After treatment, arterial blood gas indexes PH and PaO2 levels of group B were higher than those of group A;serum inflammatory mediators HMGB1, PCT and hs-CRP contents were lower than those of group A;serum stress hormones Cor, AngⅠ and AngⅡcontents were lower than those of group A;serum myocardial enzyme spectrum indexesα-HBDH and cTn-Ⅰ contents were lower than those of group A. Conclusion: Lung lavage via fiber bronchoscope combined with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation can effectively optimize the arterial blood gas levels, reduce systemic inflammatory stress state and protect the myocardial function of patients with COPD complicated by severe pneumonia.

Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV) in the Pregnant Patient: A Case Series

Rationale: Acute respiratory failure is an uncommon complication of pregnancy. However, it is the most frequent organ dysfunction associated with obstetric admissions to an intensive care unit. The obstetric population is a different group due to its physiology and the presence of the fetus that lacks evidence in the literature within the subject of ventilatory support. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is often avoided due to the lack of knowledge on the safety and efficacy of this modality. Currently, there are no guidelines for the management of respiratory failure in pregnancy. Objectives: To provide evidence in support of the use of NIPPV as a safe and reasonable modality for pregnant patients with respiratory failure. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 29 pregnant patients of the Obstetric Critical Care Unit of a tertiary hospital in Panamá City who received NIPPV from 2013 to 2015. Failure to response was defined as the lack of increase in the paO2/FiO2 ratio or clinical deterioration 6 hours after initiating NIPPV. Demographics, indication for NIPPV, duration of treatment, as well as maternal and fetal outcomes were collected. Measurements and Main Results: Mean age was 28.4 ± 6 years, mean body mass index 27.4 ± 3.3, and mean gestational age at admission was 305/7 ± 5 weeks. Twenty-four patients (82.8%) met the criteria for acute lung injury (ALI) and an additional two (6.9%) for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The mean duration of ventilation was 50.6 ± 17.27 hours. Statistically significant differences were noted between the paO2/FiO2 ratios in failure and successful patients within 2 hours of NIPPV therapy (P = 0.007) and paO2/FiO2 ratio within 6 hours of NIPPV therapy (P = 0.03). Success was defined when the patient was administered NIPPV, resulting in an improvement (increase in pa/FiO2 ratio) of her ventilatory parameters. Three patients (10.3%) failed to respond to NIPPV and needed to be converted to invasive mechanical ventilation. Patients who required intubation had a longer duration of ICU stay (P = 0.006) and overall hospital stay (P = 0.03). None of patients presented aspiration during NIPPV therapy. Conclusion: The current series is the largest report of pregnant patients requiring ventilatory support who received NIPPV as first line of therapy. This report shows the usefulness of this ventilation modality, avoiding intubation with its risks, of a significant number of patients, especially ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Sleep Quality for Patients Receiving Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation and Nasal High-Flow Oxygen Therapy in an ICU: Two Case Studies

Aim: The purpose of this case study was to examine the sleep quality of patients receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) or nasal high-flow oxygen therapy (NHF) in an intensive care unit and to investigate what types of nursing support are offered to such patients. Methods: We examined one patient each for NPPV and NHF. Polysomnography (PSG), review of the patient charts, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data for analysis. Results: Patients treated with NPPV or NHF demonstrated a noticeable reduction in deep sleep, with most of their sleep being shallow. Their sleep patterns varied greatly from those of healthy individuals. These results suggest that, in addition to experiencing extremely fragmented sleep, sleep in these patients was more likely to be interrupted by nursing interventions, such as during auscultation of breath sounds. Furthermore, it was revealed that “anxiety or discomfort that accompanies the mask or air pressure” in patients treated with NPPV and “discomfort that accompanies the nasal cannula or NHF circuit” in patients treated with NHF may be primary causes of disrupted sleep. Our results suggest a need for nursing care aimed at improving sleep quality in patients treated with NPPV or NHF.

The Value of Positive Pressure Ventilations for Clients in Acute Respiratory Distress as a Result of Cardiac and Pulmonary Issues

Objective: Research was conducted to examine benefits to using non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) early in the treatment of respiratory distress caused by pulmonary edema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Limitations to successful NIV and CPAP therapy were evaluated to determine how prolonged initiation of treatment may lead to hypoxemia (decreased oxygen in the blood) and hypercapnia (increased carbon dioxide in the blood) resulting in poor outcomes. Method: Reviews of literature from nursing and allied health data bases (CINAHL and ProQuest) with terms pulmonary edema, positive pressure device and non-invasive ventilation from 2010 to 2014 were used. Studies were conducted in the hospital and prehospital settings. Results: The literature search located 7 articles from CINAHL and 25 articles from ProQuest. A total of 6 of these articles were analyzed. Additional sources of data were obtained from Ignatavicius and Workman (2013) Medical-Surgical Nursing Patient-Centered Collaborative Care 7th edition and American Journal of Nursing (02/2013) Volume 113: 2. Conclusion: All of the articles concluded that early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure ventilations in the short-term was beneficial;however, late initiation of therapy required additional interventions. The studies indicated that early use of positive airway pressure in acute respiratory distress improved breath rate, heart rate and blood pressure. The use of positive airway pressure for respiratory distress may decrease the need for endotracheal intubation.

Long-term non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease： a meta-analysis

Background The evidence for non-invasive positive pressure ventilation （NIPPV） used in patients with severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is insufficient. The aim of the meta-analysis was to assess the treatment effects of long-term NIPPV on gas change, lung function, health-related quality of life （HRQL）, survival and mortality in severe stable COPD patients. Methods Randomized controlled trials （RCTs） and crossover studies comparing the treatment effects of NIPPV with conventional therapy were identified from electronic databases and reference lists from January 1995 to August 2010. Two reviewers independently assessed study quality. Data were combined using Review Manager 5.0. Both pooled effects and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results Five RCTs and one randomized crossover study with a total of 383 severe stable COPD patients were included NIPPV improved gas change significantly when using a higher inspiratory positive airway pressures. The weighted mean difference （WMD） for the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery （PaCO2） was -3.52 （-5.26, -1.77） mmHg and for the partial pressure of oxygen in artery （PaO2） 2.84 （0.23, 5.44） mmHg. There were significant improvements in dyspnea and sleep quality, but gained no benefits on lung function. The standardized mean difference （SMD） for the forced expiratory volume in 1 second （FEV1） was 0.00 （0.29, 0.29）. And the benefits for exercise tolerance, mood, survival and mortality remained unclear. Conclusions Patients with severe stable COPD can gain some substantial treatment benefits when using NIPPV, especially improvements in gas change, dyspnea and sleep quality. Studies of high methodological quality with large population, especially those based on a higher inspiratory positive airway pressures are required to provide more evidences.

Need for oxygen therapy and ventilatory support in premature infants in a hospital in Southern Brazil

BACKGROUND Prematurity in newborns is a condition that is associated with worse hospital outcomes when compared to birth to term.A preterm infant(PI)is classified when gestational age(GA)<37 wk.AIM To analyze prognostic indicators related to the use of oxygen therapy,noninvasive ventilation(continuous positive airway pressure)and mechanical ventilation(MV)in PI.METHODS This is a retrospective cohort.The sample was composed of PIs from a private hospital in southern Brazil.We included neonates with GA<37 wk of gestation in the period of January 1,2018 to December 31,2018.For data collection,electronic records were used in the Tasy Philips^(TM)system,identifying the variables:maternal age,type of birth,prenatal information,GA,Apgar score,birth weight,neonatal morbidities,vital signs in the 1st hour at birth,need for oxygen therapy,continuous positive airway pressure and MV,hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit,length of stay and discharge or death.RESULTS In total,90 PI records were analyzed.The median(p25-p75)of GA was 34.0(31.9-35.4)wk,and there were 45(50%)males.The most common morbidity among PIs was the acute respiratory discomfort syndrome,requiring hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit in 76(84.4%)cases.The utilization rate of oxygen therapy,continuous positive airway pressure and MV was 12(13.3%),37(41.1%)and 13(14.4%),respectively.The median(p25-p75)length of stay was 12.0(5.0-22.2)d,with 10(11.1%)deaths.A statistical association was observed with the use of MV and GA<28 wk,lower maternal age,low birth weight,Apgar<8 and neonatal deaths.CONCLUSION The identification of factors related to the need for MV in prematurity may help in the indication of a qualified team and technologies to promptly meet the unforeseen events that may occur after birth.

经鼻高流量湿化氧疗在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者的应用价值

目的探讨经鼻高流量湿化氧疗(HFNC)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者的疗效及适用条件。方法回顾性分析中山市小榄人民医院呼吸内科2021年1月~2022年12月收治并好转出院的60例AECOPD患者的临床资料,所有患者均在抗感染、止咳化痰、平喘等治疗的基础上,给予呼吸支持治疗。按照呼吸支持治疗方式不同分为HFNC组(30例)与无创正压通气(NPPV)组(30例)。比较两组患者生命体征(心率、呼吸)、血气分析[氧分压(PaO_(2))、氧合指数(PaO_(2)FiO_(2))]情况。根据年龄及PaO_(2)FiO_(2)分层,分析HFNC组患者血气分析指标的变化情况。结果治疗前,两组患者心率、呼吸次数、PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者心率、呼吸次数、PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);HFNC组治疗前后心率、PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)比较[(85.47±13.21)次min vs.(97.67±22.62)次min、(95.92±27.33)mmHg vs.(80.3±19.02)mmHg、(321.23±78.73)mmHg vs.(278.40±67.21)mmHg],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);NPPV组治疗前后心率、呼吸次数、PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)比较[(90.33±12.02)次min vs.(105.70±22.03)次min、(20.67±0.76)次min vs.(24.93±2.45)次min、(91.54±34.81)mmHg vs.(70.86±24.03)mmHg、(311.03±113.14)mmHg vs.(240.53±86.28)mmHg],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。根据年龄及PaO_(2)FiO_(2)分层,与治疗前比较,HFNC组患者年龄≥71岁、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)在201~300 mmHg之间的患者治疗后PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)明显上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论HFNC及NPPV均可改善AECOPD患者的氧合功能,效果相当,可作为NPPV的备选方案。HFNC尤其适用于年龄71岁及以上、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)在201~300 mmHg的人群。

布地奈德福莫特罗吸入联合气道正压通气治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病的效果

目的探讨布地奈德福莫特罗联合气道正压通气吸入剂治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)的临床效果。方法选取2022年1月—2023年12月如皋市人民医院呼吸内科收治的60例OSAHS合并COPD患者,采用随机数字抽样法分为粉雾剂组和正压组,每组30例。正压组采用气道正压通气治疗,此基础上粉雾剂组患者增加布地奈德福莫特罗吸入治疗,观察2组患者睡眠呼吸暂停改善情况,并比较2组肺功能及生活质量改善情况。结果粉雾剂组治疗后肺活量(vital capacity,VC)和第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)分别为(4.12±0.75)L和(3.59±0.75)L,高于正压组的(3.71±0.85)L和(2.78±0.42)L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。粉雾剂组呼吸频率(respiratory rate,RR)为(14.13±3.29)次/min,低于正压组的(16.11±2.69)次/min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。粉雾剂组最低血氧饱和度水平为(98.02±2.47)%,高于正压组的(94.52±1.93)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。粉雾剂组治疗后呼吸暂停指数、低通气指数、呼吸暂停低通气指数、与呼吸事件相关微觉醒指数低于正压组,最低血氧饱和度水平高于正压组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。粉雾剂组治疗后生活质量评分高于正压组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。粉雾剂组患者不良反应总发生率为6.67%(2/30),与正压组的6.67%(2/30)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在气道正压通气基础上,联合布地奈德福莫特罗吸入治疗,可有效提升治疗效果,改善患者睡眠呼吸暂停病情,提升肺功能,对患者生活质量提升显著,且不良反应风险较低,临床应用价值较高。

经鼻高流量湿化治疗仪治疗慢阻肺急性加重期伴呼吸性酸中毒患者的效果

目的:分析经鼻高流量湿化治疗仪应用于慢阻肺急性加重期伴呼吸性酸中毒的治疗效果,探讨其对患者血气指标及肺功能的影响。方法:回顾性分析2022年1月—2023年10月在北京市昌平区医院呼吸与危重症学科治疗的100例慢阻肺急性加重伴呼吸性酸中毒患者的临床资料。根据治疗方式的不同分为两组,各50例。观察组接受经鼻高流量湿化氧疗,对照组接受无创正压通气治疗。比较两组的血气指标、肺功能指标、治疗效果及不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组血气指标、肺功能指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组pH值、氧分压(PaO_(2))、氧合指数(OI)均高于治疗前,二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))低于治疗前,且观察组pH值、PaO_(2)、OI高于对照组,PaCO_(2)低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、用力肺活量(FVC)、呼气峰流速值(PEF)、第1秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量(FEV_(1)/FVC%)均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:经鼻高流量湿化氧疗、无创正压通气治疗都是慢阻肺急性加重期伴呼吸性酸中毒辅助通气的有效方法,而经鼻高流量湿化氧疗可有效提高治疗效果,改善患者血气指标及肺功能,不良反应少,安全性更高。

经鼻高流量氧疗对比无创正压通气在急性心力衰竭伴Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者中的应用价值

目的研究经鼻高流量氧疗(high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy,HFNC)对比无创正压通气(noninvasive positive pressure ventilation,NPPV)在急性心力衰竭(acute heart failure,AHF)伴Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者的治疗效果。方法选择2022年1月至2022年12月首都医科大学宣武医院急诊科收治的94例AHF伴Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者,随机分为观察组48例和对照组46例。两组患者均给予常规扩血管、利尿等治疗,对照组给予NPPV治疗,观察组给予HFNC治疗,分别比较两组患者治疗前、治疗24 h后的呼吸频率、心率、血清N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-proBNP)、动脉氧分压(PaO_(2))和动脉二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))的变化情况及2组比较的区别,应用调查问卷评估两组患者治疗舒适度的区别。随访28 d,分别比较两组患者治疗后误吸、胃胀气等并发症发生率、气管插管率及病死率。结果观察组与对照组治疗后的呼吸频率、心率和NT-proBNP较前明显降低(P均<0.05),PaO_(2)较前升高(P均<0.05),PaCO_(2)较前升高(P<0.05),但仍在正常范围内;观察组治疗后呼吸频率是(23.77±2.36)次/min、心率为(89.17±5.80)次/min、NT-proBNP为[13631.00(9997.25,16328.00)]pg/ml、PaO_(2)为(66.87±2.78)mmHg和PaCO_(2)为(37.06±2.56)mmHg,与对照组的(23.33±2.81)次/min、(87.69±5.02)次/min、[12517.00(9836.75,17742.00)]pg/ml、(67.74±2.67)mmHg和(37.07±1.93)mm Hg比较无统计学差别(均P>0.05);调查问卷显示,观察组舒适度评分大于对照组[(3.35±0.69)分比(2.76±0.77)分,P=0.001],并发症发生率小于对照组(10.41%比28.26%,P=0.028),两组患者气管插管率(12.50%比10.86%)和病死率(10.41%比8.69%)比较无统计学差别(P>0.05)。结论HFNC和NPPV在AHF伴Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者中应用均具有较好的治疗效果,但HFNC并发症较较少,患者舒适程度更高。

经鼻高流量湿化氧疗与无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的效果

目的 探讨经鼻高流量湿化氧疗(HFNC)与无创正压通气(NIPPV)治疗伴有Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭(Ⅱ-RF)慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者的效果。方法 选取2022年1—12月80例AECOPD合并Ⅱ-RF患者,依据通气方式分为HFNC组及NIPPV组,各40例,对比两组临床疗效、并发症发生率,比较两组治疗前后血氧饱和度、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞计数(WBC)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、丙二醛(MDA)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平。结果 HFNC组总有效率(92.50%)高于NIPPV组(75.00%)(P<0.05);治疗后,与NIPPV组及治疗前相比,HFNC组血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))、动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))更高,动脉血二氧化碳(PaCO_(2))更低(P<0.05);治疗后HFNC组CRP、IL-6、WBC水平低于NIPPV组及治疗前(P<0.05);治疗后HFNC组MDA、MPO低于NIPPV组及治疗前,SOD高于NIPPV组及治疗前(P<0.05);HFNC组并发症发生率低于NIPPV组(P<0.05)。结论 经HFNC治疗后可改善AECOPD合并Ⅱ-RF患者血气功能,减轻患者机体炎症状态,降低机体氧化应激,提高患者舒适度,降低并发症发生率,可促进患者病情较快恢复。

激素替代疗法联合气道正压通气治疗绝经后女性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停疗效观察

目的 观察激素替代疗法(HRT)联合气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗绝经后女性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)的临床效果。方法 选择2022年2月至2023年5月在上海市第八人民医院治疗的100例绝经期女性OSA患者作为研究对象,按随机数表法分为观察组和对照组各50例。对照组患者给予CPAP治疗,观察组患者给予HRT+CPAP治疗。一个疗程为28 d,治疗28 d后常规开展门诊随访。治疗前及治疗28 d后,比较两组患者的睡眠图(PSG)、性激素指标[雌二醇(E2)、孕激素(P)]及生存质量测定简表(WHOQOL-BREF)变化,并比较两组患者对诊疗效果的满意率。结果 治疗后,两组患者的低通气指数、呼吸暂停次数、呼吸紊乱指数、最长呼吸暂停次数均降低,且观察组患者的上述指标分别为(10.27±2.10)次/h、(6.21±1.02)次/h、(26.10±3.28)次/h、(24.28±4.18) s,明显低于对照组的(14.28±2.17)次/h、(9.73±2.10)次/h、(31.29±4.12)次/h、(35.19±3.95) s,而两组患者治疗后的睡眠最低SaO2均升高,且观察组患者的睡眠最低SaO2为(91.31±8.21)%,明显高于对照组的(79.26±7.31)%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者的E2、P水平均升高,且观察组患者的E2、P分别为(35.13±2.25) pmol/L、(2.01±0.31)μmol/L,明显高于对照组的(18.93±2.10) pmol/L、(1.66±0.42)μmol/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者的生理领域、心理领域、社会关系、环境领域评分均升高,且观察组患者的上述评分分别为(16.10±2.31)分、(15.31±2.04)分、(16.28±3.31)分、(16.29±2.12)分,明显高于对照组的(12.28±2.01)分、(12.01±1.94)分、(13.28±2.74)分、(12.88±1.89)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者对诊疗效果的满意率为96.00%,明显高于对照组的82.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 HRT联合CPAP治疗绝经期女性OSA可有效改善睡眠质量、呼吸功能及激素水平,提高患者生存质量及对诊疗效果的满意度。

无创正压通气、经鼻高流量氧疗治疗AECOPD并呼吸衰竭的临床应用研究

目的分析无创正压通气、经鼻高流量氧疗治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)并呼吸衰竭的临床应用价值。方法选取2019年10月至2023年5月期间我院收治的96例AECOPD合并呼吸衰竭患者为研究对象,根据治疗方案的差异分为对照组(予以无创正压通气,n=47)和观察组(予以经鼻高流量氧疗,n=49)。对比两组治疗疗效、通气状态[动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、动脉二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))]、炎性因子[血清白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]以及并发症发生情况。结果观察组有效率为93.88%,对照组有效率为93.62%,两组有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后3d,PaO_(2)、SaO_(2)水平均升高,IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α、PaCO_(2)水平下降,且观察组PaO_(2)、SaO_(2)水平高于对照组,IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α、PaCO_(2)水平低于对照组(P<0.05);两组并发症发生率比较无差异(P>0.05)。结论相较于无创正压通气,经鼻高流量氧疗在AECOPD并呼吸衰竭患者的的治疗中展现出更理想的疗效,可显著改善患者的血气分析结果,并有效降低炎性因子水平。

术后无创呼吸支持的研究进展

术后肺部并发症(PPCs)是指术后发生的呼吸系统并发症,主要包括呼吸道感染、呼吸衰竭、胸腔积液、肺不张、气胸、支气管痉挛及吸入性肺炎等。PPCs的发生与患者自身、手术和麻醉等因素密切相关,影响患者围术期康复及预后。无创呼吸支持(NRS)包括常规氧气疗法(COT)、无创正压通气(NPPV)、经鼻高流量(HFNC)氧疗等,通过改善肺部呼吸力学和满足氧气需求减少肺部并发症的发生。目前NRS已在重症监护病房(ICU)广泛应用,但其术后应用尚无共识。本文就近年来术后NRS应用的研究进展进行综述,包括NRS的模式、NRS在不同类型手术的应用和NRS在不同类型患者的应用等内容,为促进术后康复提供参考。

“无创正压通气+呼吸机氧疗交替模式”在老年重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者中应用临床疗效研究

目的探讨“无创正压通气+呼吸机氧疗交替模式”在老年重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者中的应用效果。方法选取自2022年11月至2023年10月解放军总医院第八医学中心收治的112例老年重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者分为A组(n=53)与B组(n=59),A组实施持续无创正压通气治疗,B组实施“无创正压通气+呼吸机氧疗交替模式”,比较两组患者治疗前及治疗后2、24、48 h的心率、呼吸频率、平均动脉压(MAP)、脉搏血氧饱和度、动脉血气分析结果,以及无创正压通气治疗舒适度和面部损伤、进食困难、腹胀、排痰困难等发生率。结果治疗后24、48 h,B组患者的舒适度评分均明显高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后2 h,B组患者心率、MAP均高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后2 h,B组患者pH高于A组,二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))均低于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后24 h,A组患者氧分压(PaO_(2))高于B组,PaCO_(2)低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,B组面部皮肤损伤、进食困难、腹胀、自主排痰困难等并发症的发生率均低于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论“无创正压通气+呼吸机氧疗交替模式”应用于老年重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者,可达到与持续无创正压通气相同的氧疗效果,同时,可提高患者舒适度,降低无创正压通气相关并发症的发生率。

双水平气道正压通气联合纤支镜肺泡灌洗治疗重症肺炎伴呼吸衰竭的疗效分析

目的探究双水平气道正压通气联合纤支镜肺泡灌洗治疗对重症肺炎伴呼吸衰竭患者的治疗效果。方法选取2019年1月—2023年6月于泰州市姜堰中医院治疗的60例重症肺炎伴呼吸衰竭患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,按其治疗方案不同分为两组。对照组(30例)实行纤支镜肺泡灌洗+常规通气治疗,观察组(30例)实行双水平气道正压通气+纤支镜肺泡灌洗治疗。比较两组治疗前后的炎性指标及并发症情况。结果观察组与对照组治疗后的炎性指标低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的并发症总发生率为6.67%,低于对照组的33.33%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.667,P=0.010)。结论双水平气道正压通气与纤支镜肺泡灌洗治疗法可以有效改善重症肺炎伴呼吸衰竭患者的炎症程度,降低并发症发生率。

Clinical Study on Respiratory Medicine Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Respiratory Failure

Objective:To explore the respiratory medicine treatment methods for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)combined with respiratory failure.Methods:70 cases of COPD patients with combined respiratory failure admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected as the study subjects,and randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group,each with 35 cases.The control group received only conventional treatment,and the experimental group received non-invasive positive pressure ventilation,and the treatment effects and changes in the levels of IL-18,hs-CRP,and CES2 inflammatory factors were observed and evaluated in the two groups.Results:There was no significant difference between the general data of the two groups(P>0.05);after treatment,the total effective rate of clinical efficacy of the observation group(91.43%)was significantly higher than that of the control group(71.43%),and the difference showed a significant correlation(P<0.05);after treatment,the level of inflammatory factor of the observation group was significantly reduced compared with that of the control group,and the difference showed a highly significant correlation(P<0.001).Conclusion:The non-invasive positive pressure ventilation treatment program significantly improves the therapeutic effect,effectively controls the level of inflammatory factors,and improves the health status of patients when dealing with patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease accompanied by respiratory failure,showing a good clinical application prospect.

COPD合并睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者采用无创正压通气治疗的效果

目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者采用无创正压通气治疗的效果。方法:选取2021年1月至2023年1月竹溪县人民医院/十堰市太和医疗集团竹溪分院收治的COPD合并睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者100例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组接受常规治疗,观察组在此基础上实施无创正压通气(NIPPV)治疗。结果:观察组治疗后,动脉血pH值显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),PaO_(2)显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),PaCO_(2)显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组在FVC、FEV1和FEV1/FVC%方面的改善均显著,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在COPD合并睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者中,NIPPV治疗能够有效改善动脉血气指标和肺功能指标。NIPPV通过提供正压通气支持,有助于改善患者的通气功能和呼吸机械性负荷。