Evolution of mechanical properties,localized corrosion resistance and microstructure of a high purity Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy during non-isothermal aging

The evolution of mechanical properties,localized corrosion resistance of a high purity Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy during non-isothermal aging(NIA)was investigated by hardness test,electrical conductivity test,tensile test,intergranular corrosion test,exfoliation corrosion test,slow strain rate tensile test and electrochemical test,and the mechanism has been discussed based on microstructure examination by optical microscopy,electron back scattered diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy.The NIA treatment includes a heating stage from 40℃to 180℃with a rate of 20℃/h and a cooling stage from 180℃to 40℃with a rate of 10℃/h.The results show that the hardness and strength increase rapidly during the heating stage of NIA since the increasing temperature favors the nucleation and the growth of strengthening precipitates and promotes the transformation of Guinier-Preston(GPI)zones toη'phase.During the cooling stage,the sizes ofη'phase increase with a little change in the number density,leading to a further slight increase of the hardness and strength.As NIA proceeds,the corroded morphology in the alloy changes from a layering feature to a wavy feature,the maximum corrosion depth decreases,and the reason has been analyzed based on the microstructural and microchemical feature of precipitates at grain boundaries and subgrain boundaries.

Exploring the effect of cooling rate on non-isothermal crystallization of copolymer polypropylene by fast scanning calorimetry

Polypropylene is commonly used as a binder for ceramic injection molding,and rapid cooling is often encountered during processing.However,the crystallization behavior of polypropylene shows a strong dependence on cooling rate due to its semi-crystalline characteristics.Therefore,the influence of cooling rate on the quality of final product cannot be ignored.In this study,the fast differential scanning calorimetry(FSC)test was performed to study the influence of cooling rate on the non-isothermal crystallization behavior and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of a copolymer polypropylene(PP BC03B).The results show that the crystallization temperatures and crystallinity decrease as the cooling rate increases.In addition,two exothermic peaks occur when cooling rate ranges from 30 to 300 K·s^(-1),indicating the formation of another crystal phase.Avrami,Ozawa and Mo equations were used to explore the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics,and it can be concluded that the Mo method is suitable for this study.

Phase field simulation for non-isothermal solidification of multicomponent alloys coupled with thermodynamics database

In order to quantitively model the real solidification process of industrial multicomponent alloys, a non-isothermal phase field model was studied for multicomponent alloy fully coupled with thermodynamic and diffusion mobility database, which can accurately predict the phase equilibrium, solute diffusion coefficients, specific heat capacity and latent heat release in the whole system. The results show that these parameters are not constants and their values depend on local concentration and temperature. Quantitative simulation of solidification in multicomponent alloys is almost impossible without such parameters available. In this model, the interfacial region is assumed to be a mixture of solid and liquid with the same chemical potentials, but with different composition. The anti-trapping current is also considered in the model. And this model was successfully applied to industrial A1-Cu-Mg alloy for the free equiaxed dendrite solidification process.

Comparative analysis of isothermal and non-isothermal solidification of binary alloys using phase-field model

Based on the entropy function, a two-dimensional phase field model of binary alloys was established. Meanwhile, an explicit difference method with uniform grid was adopted to solve the phase field and solute field controlled equations. And the alternating direction implicit(ADI) algorithm for solving temperature field controlled equation was also employed to avoid the restriction of time step. Some characteristics of the Ni-Cu alloy were captured in the process of non-isothermal solidification, and the comparative analysis of the isothermal and the non-isothermal solidification was investigated. The simulation results indicate that the non-isothermal model is favorable to simulate the real solidification process of binary alloys, and when the thermal diffusivity decreases, the non-isothermal phase-field model is gradually consistent with the isothermal phase-field model.

Reaction behavior and non-isothermal kinetics of suspension magnetization roasting of limonite and siderite

In order to develop limonite and decrease CO_(2) emissions,siderite is proposed as a clean reductant for suspension magnetization roasting(SMR) of limonite.An iron concentrate(iron grade:65.92wt%,iron recovery:98.54wt%) was obtained by magnetic separation under the optimum SMR conditions:siderite dosage 40wt%,roasting temperature 700℃,roasting time 10 min.According to the magnetic analysis,SMR achieved the conversion of weak magnetic minerals to strong magnetic minerals,thus enabling the recovery of iron via magnetic separation.Based on the phase transformation analysis,during the SMR process,limonite was first dehydrated and converted to hematite,and then siderite decomposed to generate magnetite and CO,where CO reduced the freshly formed hematite to magnetite.The microstructure evolution analysis indicated that the magnetite particles were loose and porous with a destroyed structure,making them easier to be ground.The non-isothermal kinetic results show that the main reaction between limonite and siderite conformed to the two-dimension diffusion mechanism,suggesting that the diffusion of CO controlled the reaction.These results encourage the application of siderite as a reductant in SMR.

Non-isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Polyamide 6/Diaminemodified MWNTs Nanocomposite

The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polyamide 6/diamine-modified multi-walled carbon nanotube （PA6/D-MWNT） nanocomposite was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The modified Avrami equation, the Ozawa equation and the combined Avrami/Ozawa equation were employed to analyze the non-isothermal crystallization data. The crystallization activation energies were also evaluated by the Kissinger method. It was found that the combined Avrami/Ozawa equation could successfully describe the non-isothermal crystallization process. The results showed that D-MWNTs not only acted as effective heterogeneous nucleating agents for PA6 and noticeably increased the crystallization temperature of PA6, but also influenced the mechanism of nucleation and crystal growth of PA6 and then reduced the overall crystallization rate of the neat PA6 matrix. The crystallization activation energy for the nanocomposite sample was greater than that of the neat PA6, which indicated that the addition of D-MWNTs hindered the mobility of PA6 chain segments.

Three dimensional phase-field simulation for non-isothermal binary alloy solidification: Comparison with LKT theory

Using the advanced algorithm combining parallel computing,adaptive mesh re-griding and multigrid methods,quantitative 3D phase-field simulations of non-isothermal solidification of binary alloy were carried out.The 3D phase-field simulation results were compared with the analytical LKT(Lipton,Kurz and Trivedi)theory.For comparison,the simulation and analytical results for 2D cases were also given.The 3D phase-field simulation results support the transport portion of the LKT theory.However,the tip radius and tip velocity predicted by the simulations are not in good agreement with the LKT theory over the whole range of undercooling.The stability parameter calculated from phase-field simulations varies significantly with the Peclet number,indicating that the stability criterion,which assumes that the stability parameter is constant,is invalid.

Kinetic Modeling of Isothermal or Non-isothermal Adsorption in a Pellet：Application to Adsorption Heat Pumps

Understanding the interaction between a fluid and a solid phase is of fundamental importance to the design of an adsorption process.Because the heat effects associated with adsorption are comparatively large,the as-sumption of isothermal behavior is a valid approximation only when uptake rates are relatively slow.In this article,we propose to determine when it is needed to choose the isothermal or non-isothermal assumption according to two physical parametersα（ratio convection/capacity） andβ（quantity of energy/capacity） .The proposed problem is solved by a mathematical method in the Laplace domain.Whenα→∞（infinitely high heat transfer coefficient） or β→0（infinitely large heat capacity） ,the limiting case is isothermal.When the diffusion is rapid（α10） the kinetics of sorption is controlled entirely by heat transfer.If the adsorption process is to be used as a heat pump,it shall be represented by an isotherm model withαandβas high as possible.

Effects of non-isothermal annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of severely deformed aluminum samples:Modeling and experiment

In order to investigate the evolution of microstructure and flow stress during non-isothermal annealing,aluminum samples were subjected to strain magnitudes of 1, 2 and 3 by performing 2, 4 and 6 passes of multi-directional forging. Then, the samples were non-isothermally annealed up to 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 ℃. The evolution of dislocation density and flow stress was studied via modeling of deformation and annealing stages. It was found that 2, 4 and 6 passes multi-directionally forged samples show thermal stability up to temperatures of 250, 250 and 300 ℃, respectively. Modeling results and experimental data were compared and a reasonable agreement was observed. It was noticed that 2 and 4 passes multi-directionally forged samples annealed non-isothermally up to 350 ℃ have a lower experimental flow stress in comparison with the flow stress achieved from the model.The underlying reason is that the proposed non-isothermal annealing model is based only on the intragranular dislocation density evolution, which only takes into account recovery and recrystallization phenomena. However, at 350℃ grain growth takes place in addition to recovery and recrystallization,which is the source of discrepancy between the modeling and experimental flow stress.

基于MOD16的银川地表蒸散量时空特征及影响因素分析

【目的】阐明2000—2020年银川市地表蒸散量变化及其主要影响因素,为以水定市、以水定林提供理论依据。【方法】基于MODIS蒸散产品MOD16,气温、降水量和归一化植被指数(NDVI),运用slope线性趋势、相关分析等方法,并采用MOD16A3数据进行作物缺水指数的计算,对银川市2000—2020年蒸散量时空变化特征、不同土地利用类型蒸散量差异及其影响因素进行分析。【结果】(1)2000—2020年银川市蒸散量在201.2~344.2 mm之间,多年均值为273.4 mm;在空间分布上,整体上呈围绕建成区的中部区域较高,西部贺兰山区域和东部区域较低的分布特征。(2)2000—2020年银川市蒸散量呈增加趋势,倾向率为5.093 mm/a,蒸散量增加的区域面积占比最高,为88.30%,可见银川市大部分区域蒸散量变化趋势是增加的,显著增加的区域主要分布在围绕建成区的部分中部区域。蒸散量减少的区域面积占比为2.44%,年蒸散量基本不变的区域面积占比为9.26%。(3)与2000年相比,2020年的耕地、林地、草地、灌木地、湿地、水体、人造地表、裸地的相对变化率为−6.73%、0.33%、−8.34%、−14.87%、21.95%、9.05%、230.45%、−2.08%。银川市蒸散量空间分布受土地利用类型影响显著,多年平均蒸散量由大到小依次为耕地(322.9 mm)、水体(268.5 mm)、人造地表(256.9 mm)、林地(240.0 mm)、湿地(220.3 mm)、灌木地(216.7 mm)、草地(201.9 mm)、裸地(196.4 mm)。(4)对银川市2000—2020年蒸散量与气温、降水量、NDVI(2000—2019年)的相关分析表明,银川市蒸散量与气温、降水量和NDVI均呈显著正相关。【结论】2000—2020年,气温、降水量、NDVI都是影响银川市年均蒸散量上升的驱动因素,其中NDVI是最主要影响因子。本研究以期为银川市水资源的合理高效利用,银川市生态需水量研究和生态环境规划提供理论支撑。

LOW MACH NUMBER LIMIT OF A COMPRESSIBLE NON-ISOTHERMAL NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS MODEL

In this paper, we study the low Mach number limit of a compressible nonisothermal model for nematic liquid crystals in a bounded domain. We establish the uniform estimates with respect to the Mach number, and thus prove the convergence to the solution of the incompressible model for nematic liquid crystals.

Quantitative multi-phase-field modeling of non-isothermal solidification in hexagonal multicomponent alloys

A quantitative multi-phase-field model for non-isothermal and polycrystalline solidification was developed and applied to dilute multicomponent alloys with hexagonal close-packed structures.The effects of Lewis coefficient and undercooling on dendrite growth were investigated systematically.Results show that large Lewis coefficients facilitate the release of the latent heat,which can accelerate the dendrite growth while suppress the dendrite tip radius.The greater the initial undercooling,the stronger the driving force for dendrite growth,the faster the growth rate of dendrites,the higher the solid fraction,and the more serious the solute microsegregation.The simulated dendrite growth dynamics are consistent with predictions from the phenomenological theory but significantly deviate from the classical JMAK theory which neglects the soft collision effect and mutual blocking among dendrites.Finally,taking the Mg-6Gd-2Zn(wt.%)alloy as an example,the simulated dendrite morphology shows good agreement with experimental results.

Non-isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Kaolin Modified Polyester

Fiber-class modified kaolin and PET have been blended in the twin-screw and granulated to chips containing 4 wt% of kaolin.Non-isothermal crystallization process of kaolin modified polyester was investigated using a differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）,and the addition of kaolin enhances either the melting temperature （Tm） or the crystallization temperature （Tc）.The morphology of kaolin modified polyester,the melt of which is cooled at different cooling rate,was observed by scanning electron microscope （SEM）.The relationship between Tc and cooling rate F was studied.Semi-crystalline phase t1/2 makes an exponential decline with increasing F,and the higher the cooling rate,the shorter the time of crystallization completion.Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics parameters and the activation energy were calculated,indicating that the higher rate of cooling needs the higher relative crystallinity in the unit crystallization time,the crystallization rate increased while speeding up the temperature reduction,and the activation energy ΔE was calculated to be-204.1566 kJ/mol for the non-isothermal crystallization processes by the Kissinger＇s methods.

Non-isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Modified Poly(ethylene terephthalate) with Ultraviolet Protection

The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with the function of ultraviolet (UV) protection was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry. The kinetics of the modified polymer under non-isothermal crystallization was analyzed by Ozawa equation. The crystallization behavior of the modified polymer obeyed Ozawa theory. The additives in the polymer whose function was UV-resistant acted as crystal nucleus in the processing of crystallization, which resulted in the increase of Avrami index and the crystallization rate of the cooling system.

Mathematical Modeling of Non-Isothermal Flow of Thin Layer of Two-Phase Medium Permeable Surface

Processes of filtering two-phase media in filtration devices play an important role in various industries. Significant role in the process of filtering is the initial section of flow, which defines the basic parameters： the profile and value of the velocity, pressure gradients, concentration and dispersion of sediment particles, etc.. The problem is solved by the method of surfaces of equal cost, the results enabled to establish the influence of the input section on the filtering process.

Forced Convection Thermal Boundary Layer Transfer for Non-Isothermal Surfaces Using the Modified Merk Series

The Chao and Fagbenle’s modification of Merk series has been employed for the analysis of forced convection laminar thermal boundary layer transfer for non-isothermal surfaces. In addition to the Prandtl number (Pr) and the pressure gradient (∧), a third parameter (temperature parameter, γ?) was introduced in the analysis. Solutions of the resulting universal functions for the thermal boundary layer have been obtained for Pr of 0.70, 1.0 and 10.0 and for a range of ∧?. The results obtained for the similarity equations agreed with published results within very close limits for all the ∧’s investigated.

Non-Isothermal Degradation and Thermodynamic Properties of Pine Sawdust

The study of non-isothermal kinetics analyzed the reactivity of pine sawdust, while the thermodynamic properties analyzed energy consumed and released from the pine sawdust. The kinetic parameters were determined by analyzing mass loss of pine sawdust components by using Thermogravimeric analyzer. The cellulose has the highest conversion rate of 9.5%/min at 610 K compared to hemicellulose and lignin, which are 5%/min at 600 K and 2%/min at 800 K, respectively. The activation Energy for cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin was 457.644, 259.876, and 89.950 kJ/mol, respectively. The thermodynamic properties included the change of Gibbs free energy for cellulose and hemicellulose, which were -214.440 and -30.825 kJ/mol respectively, their degradation was spontaneous in forward direction, while change of Gibbs free energy for lignin was 207.507 kJ/mol, which is non-spontaneous reaction. The positive value of change of entropies for the active complex compounds formed from hemicellulose and cellulose is less stable, while the active complex compounds of lignin are characterized by a much higher degree of arrangement since its change of entropy is negative. The kinetic and thermodynamic properties show that pine sawdust is a good candidate for production of char since it is easier to remove hemicellulose through thermal process.

基于FY-33D/MERSI-Ⅱ和Terra/MODIS数据的森林火点提取算法——以我国西南地区为例

中国西南地区森林覆盖率高,土地利用类型多样,人类活动频繁,森林火灾风险较高,防火任务十分艰巨。遥感技术具有覆盖范围广和周期性监测等优势,被广泛应用于森林火灾监测。气象卫星搭载了对火灾敏感的红外谱段传感器且时间分辨率较高,已成为森林火灾监测的重要遥感数据源。物理阈值法是遥感数据火点提取中比较成熟的算法,但其精度受所选阈值的影响较大,导致不同区域的火点提取精度存在差异。以中国西南地区的重庆市为例,提出了一种采用FY-3D/MERSI-Ⅱ和Terra/MODIS极轨卫星数据作为数据源进行森林火点监测的算法。首先,通过分析前一年MOD14监测产品的历史数据,确定该地区的初定火点阈值;随后,消除云层、水体和太阳耀斑的干扰;最后,采用上下文背景阈值法进行火点提取。对2022年8月重庆市山火的分析表明,该算法的火点提取平均准确率超过了90%。研究结果表明,根据区域特点调整阈值可以提高该地区火点监测的准确率。

KINETICS OF NON-ISOTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION OF POLY (ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE) MODIFIED BY POLY (ETHYLENE GLYCOL)

The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) modified by poly (ethlene glycol) (PEG) were determined by DSC. The dual linear regression method was used to evaluate the relationship between the reciprocal of t 1/2 ( the half life of crystallization) and the appropriate temperature variable. The parameters such as the activation energy (Ed) for transport, the equilibrium melting temperature (T_m^0),the nucleation parameter (ψ),themaximum crystallization temperature (T_(e, max)), and the kinetic crystallizability (G) for the copolyesters were obtained. The influence of the PEG content in PET chains on the parameters characterizing crystallization kinetics and crystallization thermodynamics was discussed.

基于MOD分析法的中转场分拣作业流程改善研究

在快件运输企业的经营管理中,往往把优化中转场作业流程作为重要任务,以保证提高运营效率的同时降低自身的运作成本,这对提升企业的市场竞争能力有着较大的意义。本文以上海 S 快运中转场为例,首先对其分拣作业现状进行调查研究,发现该中转场存在分拣流程设计不合理进而导致分拣人员动作浪费的问题。接着,提出基于 MOD分析法的分拣作业流程改善方案。最后,实施改善方案,分拣操作员改善后的作业时间比改善前的作业时间减少了 5.11秒,作业流程平衡率提高至 85.04%。