An Extension of One-Period Nash Equilibrium Model in Non-Life Insurance Markets

This paper deals with an extension of the one-period model in non-life insurance markets (cf. [1]) by using a transition probability matrix depending on some economic factors. We introduce a multi-period model and in each period the solvency constraints will be updated. Moreover, the model has the inactive state including some uninsured population. Similar results on the existence of premium equilibrium and sensitivity analysis for this model are presented and illustrated by numerical results.

A Statistical Analysis of Intensities Estimation on the Modeling of Non-Life Insurance Claim Counting Process

This study presents an estimation approach to non-life insurance claim counts relating to a specified time. The objective of this study is to estimate the parameters in non-life insurance claim counting process, including the homogeneous Poisson process (HPP) and the non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) with a bell-shaped intensity. We use the estimating function, the zero mean martingale (ZMM) as a procedure of parameter estimation in the insurance claim counting process. Then, Λ(t) , the compensator of is proposed for the number of claims in the time interval . We present situations through a simulation study of both processes on the time interval . Some examples of the situations in the simulation study are depicted by a sample path relating to its compensator Λ(t). In addition, an example of the claim counting process illustrates the result of the compensator estimate misspecification.

A Bayesian Inference of Non-Life Insurance Based on Claim Counting Process with Periodic Claim Intensity

The aim of this study is to propose an estimation approach to non-life insurance claim counts related to the insurance claim counting process, including the non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) with a bell-shaped intensity and a beta-shaped intensity. The estimating function, such as the zero mean martingale (ZMM), is used as a procedure for parameter estimation of the insurance claim counting process, and the parameters of model claim intensity are estimated by the Bayesian method. Then,Λ(t), the compensator of N(t) is proposed for the number of claims in a time interval (0,t]. Given the process over the time interval (0,t]., the situations are presented through a simulation study and some examples of these situations are also depicted by a sample path relating N(t) to its compensatorΛ(t).

Multistage Stochastic Programming Model for the Portfolio Problem of a Property-Liability Insurance Company

The current portfolio model for property-liability insurance company is only single period that can not meet the practical demands of portfolio management, and the purpose of this paper is to develop a multiperiod model for its portfolio problem. The model is a multistage stochastic programming which considers transaction costs, cash flow between time periods, and the matching of asset and liability; it does not depend on the assumption for normality of return distribution. Additionally, an investment constraint is added. The numerical example manifests that the multiperiod model can more effectively assist the property-liability insurer to determine the optimal composition of insurance and investment portfolio and outperforms the single period one.

Using Artificial Neural Network Modeling in Forecasting Revenue: Case Study in National Insurance Company/Iraq

There are few changes that took place in Iraqin many fields during the past few years;the financial aspect is one of the fields that undergone this change. The change has positive impact because it increases the revenue inIraqfrom the oil exports. The National Insurance Company is one of many companies that belongs to the Ministry of Finance inIraqand has affected directly from this change in term of increasing the number of the insurers which we will discuss in this research. The aim of this research is to forecast the insurance premiums revenue of the National Insurance Company between the years 2012 to 2053 using Artificial Neural Network based on the actual annual data of the insurance premiums revenue between the years 1970 to 2011. The data analyses results of this research show that the growth indicator of the insurance premiums revenue for the next 41 years is approximately 120%, the Mean Squared Error is the average squared difference between outputs and targets. Lower values are better. Zero means no error and the regression values are very high. The estimations and forecasts of the insurance premiums revenue using Artificial Neural Network confirmed to be strong and useful to deploy it for forecasting the insurance premiums revenue.

Growth Potential and Profitability Analysis of Insurance Companies in the Republic of Serbia

Economically developed countries hold much of its total wealth as financial savings, and they should faster experience higher rates of overall economic growth in the long run. Given the level of income made by economic entities and according to such correlation, their propensity to save can be generated. As a clear reflection of the development of the financial sector, insurance companies as financial intermediaries, through the mobilization of savings, contribute to the development of the entire financial sector. Analyzing the performance of insurance companies in Serbia, CARMEL method will be applied, which includes indicators for the presentation of quantitative criteria for the purpose of monitoring and analyzing the profitability of insurance companies consisting of a model that is the current methodology of the MMF. In addition to traditional financial instruments, derivative securities are traded in financial markets, promoting the development of financial markets, such as options, which are generators of potential growth of profitability. The aim of this paper is to show the growth potential of profitability in insurance companies, as well as decreasing risks which are connected to the business activities by the use of options.

Foreign Insurance Companies Eye Growth in China

Though the expansion of foreign insurers in China has been challenging,foreign insurance companies still view China as a very attractive market according to a recent survey by PwC.The survey shows that despite the challenges of penetrating the Chinese market,foreign insurance

Empirical Analysis of Determinant Factors of the Corporate Performance of Life Insurance Companies in China

The life insurance industry in China still stays at a primary stage of development. It is characterized by small size, low penetration, and low density. Nevertheless, China’s large population, together with the emerging middle class, and the continuously improving social and economic environment, promise the life insurance industry a bright future. The government’s limited pension reserves cannot effectively deal with the aging problem, implying that commercial insurance companies are bound to play a more critical role in alleviating the aging problem. In 2014, Chinese government issued a series of favorable policies. Life insurance companies are now allowed to invest a certain proportion of premium in high risk issues and set the return on investment (ROI) of saving insurance products higher than 2.5%. Changes in external factors and policies prompt life insurance companies to change their operation mode so that they can meet the market demand. This paper empirically analyzes operational factors (such as structure of distribution channels, structure of products, human resource, market power, etc.) that affect the corporate performance of Chinese life insurance companies. The paper aims to help life insurance companies choose a proper distribution channel, focus marketing expenses and R&D on the right product, set the scale and the salesman team at a rational size, and adjust the compensation ratio to a rational level. The data are gathered from 36 high-ranked Chinese life insurance companies from 2010 to 2014. The panel data set is analyzed via fixed effect model and panel threshold model. To avoid spurious regression, a series of preliminary tests are conducted. The results show that percentage of revenue from bancassurance channel, percentage of revenue from specialized insurance agencies, percentage of revenue from saving product, percentage of revenue from group product, size of insurers, market share of insurers, and solvency rate all have negative effect on the corporate performance of life insurance companies. If an insurer were a subsidiary of a bank, its percentage of revenue from bancassureance would have a positive effect on its corporate performance. The paper contributes to existing literature on how particular distribution channels and products of Chines life insurance companies affect their corporate performance.

Lin Zhongjie On Commercial Insurance Companies

China’s insurance industry has gradually picked up the pace to open the domestic insurance market along with the deepening reform of its insurance system. In addition to a few domestic insurance companies, some foreign insurance companies given approval to handle insurance business in China have also joined the market. In the face of the serious situation, how and what should China’s insurance industry do? To

Strategic Management Accounting Research of Insurance Companies under the Internet Background

With the development of Internet information technology, public financial management reform deepening, accounting focus Universities facing the management accounting change, the financial sector as a core sector universities, data centers will become a big school and participate in school management, decision-making, analysis and forecasting. We analyzed the development of university management accounting brings opportunities and challenges, and puts forward some countermeasures. The arrival of the era of big data, data important asset cause rapid Internet Insurance sector is concerned. This paper describes the development of the insurance status of the Internet, combined with the opportunities and challenges facing the era of big data Internet Insurance is proposed under the era of big data Internet Insurance Development Strategy in order to provide reference for the healthy and rapid development of the Internet insurance. For the “Internet ＋”, Big Data applications in other industries to produce value-added effect polymerization, and the lack of coal mine large data mining the potential value of the use of problems in the research of coal mine production safety monitoring enterprise warning, large-scale mining and material handling equipment safety standard remote control of the whole life cycle, coal mining enterprises at all levels of production safety data sharing cloud services platform, cross-dimensional aspects of supply and demand and price forecasting perspective platform for big data application mode analysis, data mining by large technical team unified programming model and set standards in the interface protocol, security co-ordination and so do the pre-proposals. He pointed out that “Internet ＋”, the comprehensive application of big data will become an important means and ways to improve mine safety and production, to achieve lower costs, increase efficiency role.

No Need for China's Insurance Companies to Fear a Foreign Onslaught

ChairmanMaYongweioftheChinaInsuranceRegulatoryCommission(CIRC)recentlyindicatedthatChinaisquickeningitspaceofopeningtheinsurancemarketbutadoptsacautiousattitudeinthemeantime.Inthenextfiveyears,Chinawillfurtherexpandtheopeningofitsinsurancemarket.Only...

On the Issue of Commercial Insurance Market as in the Slovak Republic

The insurance industry in the Slovak Republic has become an important dynamically developing area of economy.Insurance affects all the activities into the national economy,touching every company,business,citizen,society,and foreign countries.The Slovak insurance market is developed.As at 31.12.2017,there operated 21 commercial insurance companies on the Slovak commercial insurance market.The evolution of the market in life insurance in recent years is more dynamic than in the non-life insurance.

On the Issue of Commercial Insurance and Commercial Insurance Market in the Slovak Republic

The article is concentrated on the Slovak commercial insurance, commercial insurance market, non-life insurance, and international risks on the Slovak Republic. Since 1 May 2004, the Slovak insurance market has been part of the uniform European Union insurance market, which includes over 5,000 insurance companies. After Slovakia’s admission to the European Union, several legislative changes have been adopted in the area of commercial insurance industry, which also influenced non-life insurance and the insurance of international risks as part of non-life risks. The most recent act in the area of commercial insurance mentioned in the paper is the Act of the National Council SR No. 39/2015 Coll. on Insurance, in which there are legislative changes in life and also non-life insurance. Basic terms are defined and commented on in the first two chapters （Lowry, Rawlings, ＆ Merkin, 2015）. The nature of international risks as part of non-life risks is described in the second chapter. International risks are classified in the third chapter; international risks are subdivided in the paper into commercial or trade risks, political and economic risks, and special types of risks.

Open Sesame in China’s Private Health Insurance Market

In April 2009, Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council of the PRC promulgated the Opinions on Deepening the

Using Big Data to Discriminate Charged Price in the Car Insurance Industry: Evidence from United States

The purpose of this paper is to examinethe gender-based discrimination in car insurance ratesand whether the reasons provided by the car insurancecompanies for the different rates are valid or not. Thepaper studies the average annual premiums paid bymen and women across different age groups from 16years old to over 56 years old along with the percentagedifferences. Additionally, the concept of big data andhow it is utilized by businesses to apply personalizeprice discrimination is investigated. The researchdesign is conclusive and secondary data is used in bothqualitative and quantitative forms. Qualitative data iscollected from articles for the literature review andas for the quantitative data it is in the form of reportsand surveys. The data shows that at lower age groupswomen pay less than men for car insurance but as theage increase men start paying less. The paper reaches aconclusion that gender is not necessarily a crucial riskfactoras the regular factors such as driving record canprovided accurate risk determinants.

环境污染责任保险与企业高质量审计需求——基于保险公司监督视角的经验证据

在绿色高质量发展时代背景下,发展环境污染责任保险,对强化企业环保履责、降低企业因受环保处罚引致的经营风险具有重要意义。本文从保险公司监督视角实证检验了环境污染责任保险对企业高质量审计需求的影响。研究发现,环境污染责任保险提升了投保企业高质量审计需求,保险公司的高质量信息需求、专业监督能力需求是导致投保企业高质量审计需求增加的主要传导机制;异质性检验发现,在国有企业、内部治理水平较低的企业和受到更多媒体负面报道的企业中,环境污染责任保险对高质量审计需求的影响更加显著;经济后果检验发现,投保企业通过提高高质量审计需求改善了企业环境表现。研究结论对于进一步推进资本市场审计制度完善和环境污染责任保险发展具有一定的政策启示。

证券代表人诉讼中投保机构角色的理论阐释与规则厘清——基于“康美药业虚假陈述案”的分析

“康美药业虚假陈述案”反映出证券代表人诉讼实践中投保机构存在的角色困惑,主要表现为投保机构不同角色之间可能产生的利益冲突以及投保机构的诉讼代表人角色与投资者和法院之间的权责模糊。这是由投保机构公私属性的理论分歧和投保机构以诉讼代表人身份参加诉讼的理论争议所造成的。投保机构的性质应当定位为证券领域中以私法主体实现公益目标的专门机构。投保机构一方面通过相应投资者委托授权的任意诉讼担当获得以诉讼代表人身份参加证券代表人诉讼的资格,另一方面通过“明示退出、默示加入”的法定诉讼担当来集合最广泛的案涉中小投资者之诉讼实施权。通过厘清投保机构的股东、调解人、诉讼代表人等身份角色在纠纷事前预防阶段、事中控制阶段与诉讼执法阶段的功能分工,细化投保机构与投资者在诉讼实施权与监督权上的分配规则,平衡案涉权利人范围确定中法院的职权干预与投保机构的私人执法权限,才能在维护投资者合法权益的基础上,充分发挥证券代表人诉讼在我国资本市场中震慑违法企业、规范企业治理与维护证券市场秩序的治理效能。

油气田企业资产风险评级的因素权重方法探讨

油气田生产是典型的高风险行业,为转移资产损失风险,企业往往会投保相应的财产保险。财产保险的费率厘定通常以标的面临的风险为参照,风险越高,费率越高,反之亦然。提出一种油气田企业资产风险评级方法,按照油气田企业资产在点状和线状两种损失因素中的损失程度,并综合考虑油气影响因素和自然灾害影响因素,对资产的这四种因素分别赋分,再合理设置各因素权重,通过各因素分值与相应权重的综合计算,得出资产的高风险、中风险、低风险分级结果。根据该方法,结合各油气田生产企业资产明细,可以统计出企业资产高、中、低风险分布情况,为不同油气田企业财产保险差异化费率厘定提供依据。

个人养老金制度服务新就业形态劳动者的意义、局限及其对策

随着经济发展方式的转变、数字经济的发展和平台企业的崛起,新就业形态成为稳就业、促就业的重要抓手。作为我国养老保险体系第三支柱的重要制度安排,个人养老金制度不但契合了新就业形态劳动者的主要特征,也为新就业形态劳动者构筑养老财富储备提供了额外的选项。但个人养老金制度在服务新就业形态劳动者方面仍存在一定的局限性,可以从调整税收优惠模式;提供便捷式投资管理模式;打通三支柱个人账户,允许多支柱相互转换;推动缴费额度灵活化设计,适度提供参保补贴等方面逐步完善个人养老金制度。