Identifying a device and detecting a change in its position is critical for secure devices management in the Internet of Things(IoT).In this paper,a device management system is proposed to track the devices by using a...Identifying a device and detecting a change in its position is critical for secure devices management in the Internet of Things(IoT).In this paper,a device management system is proposed to track the devices by using audio-based location distinction techniques.In the proposed scheme,traditional cryptographic techniques,such as symmetric encryption algorithm,RSA-based signcryption scheme,and audio-based secure transmission,are utilized to provide authentication,non-repudiation,and confidentiality in the information interaction of the management system.Moreover,an audio-based location distinction method is designed to detect the position change of the devices.Specifically,the audio frequency response(AFR)of several frequency points is utilized as a device signature.The device signature has the features as follows.(1)Hardware Signature:different pairs of speaker and microphone have different signatures;(2)Distance Signature:in the same direction,the signatures are different at different distances;and(3)Direction Signature:at the same distance,the signatures are different in different directions.Based on the features above,amovement detection algorithmfor device identification and location distinction is designed.Moreover,a secure communication protocol is also proposed by using traditional cryptographic techniques to provide integrity,authentication,and non-repudiation in the process of information interaction between devices,Access Points(APs),and Severs.Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.The experimental results show that the proposedmethod has a good performance in accuracy and energy consumption.展开更多
It has been claimed in the literature that impossibility of faster-than-light quantum communication has an origin of indistinguishability of ensembles with the same density matrix. We show that the two concepts are no...It has been claimed in the literature that impossibility of faster-than-light quantum communication has an origin of indistinguishability of ensembles with the same density matrix. We show that the two concepts are not related.We argue that even with an ideal single-atom-precision measurement, it is generally impossible to produce two ensembles with exactly the same density matrix; or to produce ensembles with the same density matrix, classical communication is necessary. Hence the impossibility of faster-than-light communication does not imply the indistinguishability of ensembles with the same density matrix.展开更多
The close relationship between semantics and pragmatics has made it difficult to set a clear boundary between them.Dicussion of the relationship can date back to Morris, whose semiotic trichotomy was taken up by Carna...The close relationship between semantics and pragmatics has made it difficult to set a clear boundary between them.Dicussion of the relationship can date back to Morris, whose semiotic trichotomy was taken up by Carnap. Leech, Levinson, Bach and Huang also tried to make a distinction between the two, but no consensus has been reached.展开更多
This paper focuses on essential distinctions between the major native dialects of English which are often divided by linguists into the three general categories of the British Isles dialects,those of North America and...This paper focuses on essential distinctions between the major native dialects of English which are often divided by linguists into the three general categories of the British Isles dialects,those of North America and those of Australasia.English learners might want to learn a standard accent,because maybe they need it in a play or maybe they want to impress their friends,or maybe they want to fit in better in a certain English speaking environment.The paper hopes to help Chinese English learners firstly isolate the distinctions among different but widely-used and officially-accepted accents and then speak good English by means of eliminating incorrect accent by imitating Standard English pronunciation.展开更多
Laparoscopic surgery is a difficult surgical procedure compared with laparotomy. In particular, considerable skills and care are required for thread knotting in laparoscopic surgery. In this paper, a method for automa...Laparoscopic surgery is a difficult surgical procedure compared with laparotomy. In particular, considerable skills and care are required for thread knotting in laparoscopic surgery. In this paper, a method for automatic identification of a laparoscopic surgical procedure for ligation and online distinction of an abnormality, defined as any unusual manipulation, in the identified surgical procedure is proposed. Ligation is divided into several individual surgical procedures, and on the basis of the threshold criteria, each surgical procedure is identified. Next, the identified surgical procedure, thread knotting, is classified as either normal or abnormal using a self-organizing map. Finally, to reduce surgical error, an abnormality warning system which warns detection of an unusual manipulation in the surgical procedure to the operator is constructed.展开更多
By observing the grammar systems of Chinese and English,it is found that the uses of tenses between the two languages are very different. It turns out that the Chinese expressions of tenses are more casual and variabl...By observing the grammar systems of Chinese and English,it is found that the uses of tenses between the two languages are very different. It turns out that the Chinese expressions of tenses are more casual and variable,without fixed rules,while for English,more regular. The distinct ways and patterns of expressing tenses between Chinese and English give rise to more frequent errors made by students. Thus,only by a thorough and profound understanding of these distinctions can we find a better way to master the uses of tenses,which requires a reasonable comparison of the tenses between Chinese and English.展开更多
基金This work is supported by Demonstration of Scientific and Technology Achievements Transform in Sichuan Province under Grant 2022ZHCG0036National Natural Science Foundation of China(62002047).
文摘Identifying a device and detecting a change in its position is critical for secure devices management in the Internet of Things(IoT).In this paper,a device management system is proposed to track the devices by using audio-based location distinction techniques.In the proposed scheme,traditional cryptographic techniques,such as symmetric encryption algorithm,RSA-based signcryption scheme,and audio-based secure transmission,are utilized to provide authentication,non-repudiation,and confidentiality in the information interaction of the management system.Moreover,an audio-based location distinction method is designed to detect the position change of the devices.Specifically,the audio frequency response(AFR)of several frequency points is utilized as a device signature.The device signature has the features as follows.(1)Hardware Signature:different pairs of speaker and microphone have different signatures;(2)Distance Signature:in the same direction,the signatures are different at different distances;and(3)Direction Signature:at the same distance,the signatures are different in different directions.Based on the features above,amovement detection algorithmfor device identification and location distinction is designed.Moreover,a secure communication protocol is also proposed by using traditional cryptographic techniques to provide integrity,authentication,and non-repudiation in the process of information interaction between devices,Access Points(APs),and Severs.Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.The experimental results show that the proposedmethod has a good performance in accuracy and energy consumption.
文摘It has been claimed in the literature that impossibility of faster-than-light quantum communication has an origin of indistinguishability of ensembles with the same density matrix. We show that the two concepts are not related.We argue that even with an ideal single-atom-precision measurement, it is generally impossible to produce two ensembles with exactly the same density matrix; or to produce ensembles with the same density matrix, classical communication is necessary. Hence the impossibility of faster-than-light communication does not imply the indistinguishability of ensembles with the same density matrix.
文摘The close relationship between semantics and pragmatics has made it difficult to set a clear boundary between them.Dicussion of the relationship can date back to Morris, whose semiotic trichotomy was taken up by Carnap. Leech, Levinson, Bach and Huang also tried to make a distinction between the two, but no consensus has been reached.
文摘This paper focuses on essential distinctions between the major native dialects of English which are often divided by linguists into the three general categories of the British Isles dialects,those of North America and those of Australasia.English learners might want to learn a standard accent,because maybe they need it in a play or maybe they want to impress their friends,or maybe they want to fit in better in a certain English speaking environment.The paper hopes to help Chinese English learners firstly isolate the distinctions among different but widely-used and officially-accepted accents and then speak good English by means of eliminating incorrect accent by imitating Standard English pronunciation.
文摘Laparoscopic surgery is a difficult surgical procedure compared with laparotomy. In particular, considerable skills and care are required for thread knotting in laparoscopic surgery. In this paper, a method for automatic identification of a laparoscopic surgical procedure for ligation and online distinction of an abnormality, defined as any unusual manipulation, in the identified surgical procedure is proposed. Ligation is divided into several individual surgical procedures, and on the basis of the threshold criteria, each surgical procedure is identified. Next, the identified surgical procedure, thread knotting, is classified as either normal or abnormal using a self-organizing map. Finally, to reduce surgical error, an abnormality warning system which warns detection of an unusual manipulation in the surgical procedure to the operator is constructed.
文摘By observing the grammar systems of Chinese and English,it is found that the uses of tenses between the two languages are very different. It turns out that the Chinese expressions of tenses are more casual and variable,without fixed rules,while for English,more regular. The distinct ways and patterns of expressing tenses between Chinese and English give rise to more frequent errors made by students. Thus,only by a thorough and profound understanding of these distinctions can we find a better way to master the uses of tenses,which requires a reasonable comparison of the tenses between Chinese and English.
